In this episode of The Mel Robbins Podcast, neuroscientist Amishi Jha breaks down the brain's attention system and its three core functions: a focused "flashlight," a broad "floodlight," and a controlling "juggler." She explains how these components work together to help us process information and stay on track with our goals, while also describing how stress and demanding situations can impair this system's effectiveness.
Drawing from 25 years of research, Jha presents a practical solution for maintaining and protecting attention: a specific 12-minute daily mindfulness meditation practice. She outlines the scientific evidence supporting this approach and provides guidance on incorporating it into daily routines, explaining why this particular duration matters and how the practice functions as a form of mental exercise.

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The brain's attention system, which fully develops around age 25, consists of three distinct functions that help us process and understand our world. According to Amishi Jha, these functions work together like different types of lights: the focused "flashlight," the broad "floodlight," and the controlling "juggler."
The flashlight function selectively amplifies specific inputs while dulling others, much like a beam of light in darkness. It can be intentionally directed or automatically captured by prominent stimuli. The floodlight function maintains broad awareness of our surroundings, keeping us alert to our entire environment without focusing on specific details. Importantly, Jha notes that these two functions cannot operate simultaneously.
The juggler function, or executive control, monitors our goals and adjusts our behavior to stay on track, ensuring our actions align with our intentions.
Jha's research reveals that prolonged stress and high-demand situations can significantly impair the attention system. This impact is particularly evident in military service members, students, and athletes during intense training or performance periods. She explains that while moderate stress can enhance performance (following the Yerkes-Dodson Law), sustained high stress levels inevitably lead to decline, even among elite performers.
Drawing from 25 years of research, Jha recommends a specific "prescription" for maintaining attention: 12 minutes of daily mindfulness meditation, practiced at least four days per week. This practice involves becoming aware of where your attention is and gently redirecting it back to your breath when it wanders - what Jha compares to a "mental push-up."
Research shows that this minimum duration is crucial; shorter sessions don't provide the same benefits, while this 12-minute practice can effectively protect against attention decline in high-stress situations. Jha suggests incorporating this practice into existing daily routines, such as morning coffee, and notes that practitioners can start with shorter durations and gradually work up to the full 12 minutes.
1-Page Summary
The brain's attention system is critical for interpreting the world and experiences, and it consists of three distinctive functions: the flashlight of focused attention, the broad floodlight of alert awareness, and the executive control of the juggler.
Attention is a robust brain system that fully develops by around 25 years due to the gradual maturation of the prefrontal cortex. This system evolved to solve the problem of the brain being unable to process all the information in its environment. By doing so, attention allows the brain's full computational power to prioritize and evaluate a subset of information, improving our understanding of both internal and external events. Amishi Jha notes that every sensory system ties to attention, ensuring that even our internal thoughts and emotions are accessible through this focused interface.
Amishi Jha introduces these three roles, with the flashlight (selective attention) honing in on specific inputs, the floodlight (the alerting system) maintaining broad awareness, and the juggler (executive functioning) ensuring actions align with intentions.
The flashlight of attention selectively amplifies sensory input, similar to a physical flashlight in a dark room. It can be directed willfully or captured by salient stimuli, such as when a sudden noise draws attention. While focused, the brain's relevant areas for processing that particular input become more active, while others are dialed down. This targeting of perception is seen in brain imaging studies and is similar to turning up the auditory volume for better comprehension or focusing on a face during a conversation, leading to more nuanced thoughts and memories.
The flashlight can prioritize information from either the external environment, like when someone is speaking, or internal, like recalling a specific memory. Jha remarks that attention, much like a flashlight, can't be spread across multiple tasks simultaneously; thereby, what is commonly known as multitasking is merely quick task switching.
Contrasting with the focused flashlight, Jha details the floodlight of attention as broad and receptive. For instance, when navigating a school zone, a person remains broadly alert and receptive—signifying the floodlight’s role. This attention mode is essential for present-moment awareness rather than the specific targeting of the past or future. The floodlight and flashlight functions are antagonistic, meaning one can't operate in both modes at the sa ...
The Three Components of the Brain's Attention System
Research indicates that prolonged stress and high-demand situations can have a detrimental effect on an individual's attention system.
Amishi Jha discusses the concept of stress inoculation training used by the military, intended to habituate individuals to high-stress circumstances. However, her findings reveal a significant decline in attention in military service members after four to eight weeks of continuous challenging conditions. She notes that this impairment is not limited to military personnel but also affects students and athletes during intervals of high demands such as academic semesters or preseason training.
Additionally, Mel Robbins points out that the stress of continual travel and performance can deteriorate the attention system, leading to increased susceptibility to stress and negative emotions like irritation and frustration. Moreover, without practicing mindfulness, Jha emphasizes, one's attention can objectively worsen under high stress.
Jha's research pinpoints the vulnerability of the attention system, especially in professions that regularly deal with high-stress environments, such as military, medical, and nursing fields. She also details the effects of stressful jobs like caregiving, first-response, nursing, or teaching on one’s attention in the absence of mindfulness practices.
Jha also brings up the story of a Marine who believed that stress activated his performance. While she acknowledges that stress can indeed enhance performance to a degree, i ...
How Stress and High-Demand Situations Impact Attention
Mel Robbins discusses the cognitive advantages of adopting a brief daily mindfulness routine. This meditation practice, which takes only 12 minutes per day, is scientifically proven to improve focus, mood, and stress resilience.
Dr. Amishi Jha has spent 25 years researching attention in highly stressed individuals. She recommends a 12-minute mindfulness of the breath meditation practice, which preliminary studies have shown could strengthen the attention systems. These studies involved varying lengths of meditation and found that participants who meditated for 12 minutes or more experienced benefits in terms of attention protection and strength, while lesser durations did not show significant results. Jha notes that without mindfulness meditation, attention worsens over time, stress levels rise, and mood sours. However, if you do practice mindfulness meditation for 12 minutes, your attention remains stable and does not decline as compared to non-meditators.
Jha describes her "prescription" for attention training, which details a minimum effective dose—12 minutes a day. This is akin to a mental fitness regime, with evidence suggesting that this duration can fend off the declines in attention associated with high stress. The researchers initially recommended meditating for 45 minutes a day, seven days a week, but found that 12 minutes met the threshold for cognitive benefits.
Jha talks about the importance of becoming familiar with our own mind. The mindfulness meditation practices involve becoming aware of where your attention is and directing it back to your breath when it wanders. This act of noticing and refocusing is compared to a mental push-up. It strengthens three systems of attention and trains the brain to notice when the mind drifts off and to consciously refocus it back to the present moment. She explains that the STOP practice (Stop, Take a breath, Observe, Proceed) is a form of short mindfulness exercise that helps individuals stay present.
Jha underscores the significance of mindfulness exercises, like breath awareness practices and body scans. These exercises are not just about being in the moment; they're about training the brain to maintain that state of present awareness. Conducting these exercises daily does more than just mitigate attentional drift; it a ...
Benefits of 12-minute Daily Mindfulness Meditation For Attention Training
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