What is hypnosis, really? In this episode of On Purpose with Jay Shetty, Dr. David Spiegel demystifies hypnosis and explains its mechanisms, applications, and benefits. The neuroscientist delves into how hypnosis alters the mind-body connection, enabling symptom management, pain relief, and even the reprocessing of traumatic memories.
Spiegel dispels common misconceptions, asserting hypnosis is about focused attention and self-regulation rather than loss of control. He also discusses the spectrum of hypnotizability and how to cultivate one's innate capacity through techniques like self-hypnosis. Overall, Spiegel sheds light on this often misunderstood yet potent tool for personal growth and healing.
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According to David Spiegel, hypnosis is a state of deep, focused attention accompanied by a dissociation from ordinary thought patterns. It parallels the immersive experience of being engrossed in a captivating film. Hypnosis involves reduced activity in the brain's salience network, increased connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and insular cortex, and suppression of the default mode network which contributes to one's usual self-concept.
Spiegel highlights how hypnotherapy can help manage pain, stress, and other physical/psychological symptoms by altering the mind-body connection. For instance, a cancer patient used an interactive hypnosis app to sleep through the night. Hypnotherapy can also aid in revisiting and reframing traumatic memories adaptively to foster healing, as seen in cases of attempted rape and Vietnam war trauma.
Contrary to popular belief, hypnosis does not involve loss of control or being manipulated, Spiegel asserts. Rather, it cultivates focused attention and self-regulation. The hypnotist's role is to guide, not control. Spiegel stresses hypnosis is about empowerment, not implanting false memories or overriding free will. When used responsibly, it leverages a natural human ability for personal growth.
Hypnotizability exists on a spectrum and remains relatively stable over time, though most retain at least moderate capacity, Spiegel explains. While difficult to drastically change, practicing self-hypnosis can enhance one's innate abilities. Research explores transiently increasing hypnotizability, and apps provide standardized assessments and techniques to harness this capacity.
1-Page Summary
David Spiegel sheds light on hypnosis as a mental state of deep concentration and a departure from conventional thought processes, mirroring the immersive experience of a captivating film.
Hypnosis is characterized by a sharpening of focus and a detachment from typical awareness. Spiegel compares it to the engrossment experienced when one is so absorbed in a movie that they feel part of the story rather than merely an observer. This intense concentration on specific thoughts or sensations comes with a disconnection from external stimuli, which allows for a profound experience of inner mental processes. Spiegel explains that under hypnosis, individuals might experience sensations differently, as they become more responsive to suggestions and less connected to their usual self-awareness.
Spiegel states that hypnosis affects the brain in several ways, enabling alterations in perception and self-concept. Activity in the anterior cingulate cortex—the brain's salience network that signals when attention is needed—decreases, allowing for a narrowed focus. There is also increased functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the insula, a brain region that serves as a conduit between mind and body, which enhances control over bodily functions and internal awareness.
Furthermore, the prefrontal cortex shows inverse connectivity with the posterior c ...
The nature and mechanisms of hypnosis
David Spiegel highlights how hypnotherapy can be a valuable tool in managing pain, stress, and other physical and psychological symptoms, as well as helping individuals confront and reframe traumatic memories.
Spiegel recounts the experience of a reporter with metastatic breast cancer who used an app called Reverie, which Spiegel guided, helping her sleep through the night for the first time in a year. This app, useful for issues like distress, insomnia, and pain, acts interactively, providing instructions based on user feedback, resembling the experience of working with a hypnotherapist. The speaker implies that hypnosis offers control over one’s physiological responses, and he cites that 80% to 90% of individuals report immediate improvements in stress and pain management.
He shares how a pregnant woman used hypnosis to reduce her severe back pain significantly by imagining a warm bath, employing the mind's power to recall past states of relief and discomfort. This suggests that individuals can learn to "filter the hurt out of the pain" and regulate their physiological responses to stressors.
Through controlled dissociation, patients can safely relive emotional events and gain new perspectives on them. Spiegel speaks about a patient who recounted an attempted rape under hypnosis, assuring her that she was safe, and another case where a Vietnam veteran under hypnosis relived experiences during the Tet Offensive. Both individuals were able to connect the painful memories with positive ones, which led to greater emotional regulation and growth.
He explains that hypnotherapy isn't about perfec ...
The applications and benefits of hypnosis/hypnotherapy
David Spiegel is committed to correcting the misunderstandings surrounding hypnosis, emphasizing its role in self-regulation and personal empowerment, rather than loss of control or manipulation.
Spiegel indicates that hypnosis enhances an individual's control over their reactions to external events. For instance, it might prevent someone from reacting negatively to something provocative a boss might say. He also makes clear that returning to one's usual state of mind is within the individual's control. The hypnotist's role is not to control the person but to guide them in using abilities they already possess, akin to how one would teach mindfulness. Spiegel's approach is about empowering people to explore capacities they may not have realized they had, promoting the idea that hypnosis is about gaining control, not losing it.
He wants to banish the fear that many have about hypnosis by demonstrating that it's about self-regulation, such as modulating pain and focus. Spiegel asserts that all hypnosis is self-hypnosis, rejecting the idea of the hypnotist as a magician and instead positioning himself as someone who helps people self-regulate through the training of self-hypnosis.
Spiegel dispels the myth that hypnosis implies being easily influenced by demonstrating that understanding how one can be influenced can, in fact, lead to better self-defense. By becoming aware of their natural abilities, individuals are better protected against undue influence. Spiegel likens his role to that of a teacher who helps people use the "features of their brain," similar to how one uses an automobile's features. This signals that his goal is to aid individuals in harnessing their own knowledge and abilities.
Dispelling myths and misconceptions about hypnosis
David Spiegel and Jay Shetty delve into the subject of hypnotizability, its stability over time, and how one can potentially enhance this natural state through practice and focus.
Spiegel articulates that most children naturally experience hypnotic-like trance states through imaginative play, but as people grow and logical thinking develops, some may lose part of this ability. About one-fifth of adults, referred to as "researchers," are not very hypnotizable because they constantly examine and evaluate everything. At the other end are the "poets," those who have retained high hypnotizability and can deeply immerse themselves in experiences. The majority, around 60%, are moderately hypnotizable and capable of reflecting and repeating experiences. Spiegel shares that a colleague's trait stability study discovered that hypnotizability is as stable as IQ over 25 years, with a test-retest reliability of 0.7.
Factors such as childhood experiences, personality traits, and neurological differences contribute to one's natural hypnotizability. Spiegel describes hypnotizable people as often being very sensitive to others' emotional cues and sometimes prioritize others' needs over their own.
David Spiegel comments on the ease with which an individual can enter a state of concentration with practice. Jay Shetty expresses surprise at his own level of hypnotizability, having scored seven out of ten on an assessment, revealing his previously unacknowledged potential for hypnosis.
Spiegel discusses on ...
Cultivating and utilizing one's own hypnotizability
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