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173. Your guide to panic attacks

By iHeartPodcasts

Dive into the psychological landscape of anxiety with Jemma Sbeg on "The Psychology of your 20s," as she unpacks the complexities of panic attacks. Sbeg illuminates the connection between our ingrained fight or flight response and the modern phenomenon of anxiety-induced panic. She explains how this primordial instinct, designed to protect our ancestors from predators, has evolved into a trigger for extreme stress reactions in today's relatively safe environment. The discussion traverses how the sympathetic nervous system, once a crucial alert mechanism, can become overly sensitive, likening it to a hyperactive car alarm that sounds at the slightest provocation.

In the quest to combat the disruption caused by panic attacks, Sbeg offers tangible strategies to regain equilibrium. She urges listeners to confront the onslaught of panic head-on with a blend of acknowledgment and visualization, proposing a 30-second exercise to let the panic peak and subside. Additionally, Sbeg shares grounding techniques and breathing exercises aimed at steadying the body's stress response. Sbeg’s practical guidance also includes the creation of a personalized checklist for calming tactics and conceptualizing anxiety as a contained, non-threatening presence, all valuable tools for those seeking to master their own response to panic episodes.

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173. Your guide to panic attacks

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173. Your guide to panic attacks

1-Page Summary

What panic attacks actually are

Jemma Sbeg provides an insightful analysis of panic attacks, illustrating their roots in the fundamental fight or flight response, an ancient survival instinct still present in humans today. This natural response prepares individuals to deal with danger by triggering intense fear, pushing aside rational thinking. It was intended to deal with physical hazards that our ancestors faced, such as predators, but in modern times, it can be activated by a variety of stressors or perceived threats, even when no real danger is present. During a panic attack, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates bodily functions needed for quick action while suppressing unnecessary ones. For those with panic disorder or heightened anxiety, this system can be overly sensitive, causing panic to ensue from minor triggers and acting like an overzealous car alarm set off by the slightest disturbance.

How to cope with panic attacks and bring yourself back down to earth

Jemma Sbeg stresses the need to face panic attacks directly and with understanding. She advocates for acknowledging the panic and allowing it 30 seconds to unleash its energy, suggesting visualization techniques such as imagining the tension being washed away. Sbeg also emphasizes the effectiveness of grounding exercises like connecting with the earth and using breathing techniques to stabilize stress levels. Having a personalized checklist of calming methods, including affirmations and visualizations, can also help regain control amid anxiety. Furthermore, by imagining anxiety as a harmless entity behind glass, individuals can acknowledge its presence but also recognize it does not have the power to control them, aiding in the management and recovery from panic attacks.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system that triggers the body's fight or flight response. It helps prepare the body for action in response to perceived threats or stressors by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow. This system plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes like blood glucose levels, body temperature, and immune system function. Dysfunction in the sympathetic nervous system can be associated with various health disorders.
  • Grounding exercises are techniques used to help individuals connect with the present moment and their surroundings, often used in managing anxiety or panic attacks. These exercises can include sensory activities like focusing on touch, smell, taste, sight, or sound to anchor oneself in the present. Grounding exercises aim to reduce feelings of dissociation, anxiety, or overwhelming emotions by promoting a sense of safety and stability. They can involve simple actions like deep breathing, mindfulness practices, or physical movements to help regulate emotions and bring a sense of calm.
  • A personalized checklist of calming methods is a tailored list of strategies and techniques that an individual finds helpful in managing stress and anxiety. These methods can include activities like deep breathing exercises, mindfulness practices, positive affirmations, or engaging in hobbies that bring comfort. By creating a personalized checklist, individuals can have a go-to resource of techniques that work best for them when they are experiencing heightened anxiety or panic. This checklist serves as a proactive tool to help individuals regain a sense of control and calmness during moments of distress.
  • Affirmations are positive statements used to challenge and overcome negative thoughts. They can help reframe perspectives and build self-confidence. Visualizations involve creating mental images to promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, and enhance performance. By visualizing calming scenes or positive outcomes, individuals can shift their focus and manage stress more effectively.

Counterarguments

  • While the fight or flight response is a survival instinct, not all panic attacks may be directly related to this response; some may be due to other psychological or physiological factors.
  • The idea that rational thinking is completely pushed aside during intense fear may be an oversimplification, as some individuals can still process thoughts and make decisions during a panic attack.
  • The sympathetic nervous system does stimulate bodily functions needed for quick action, but it's important to note that the parasympathetic nervous system also plays a role in calming the body down after the perceived threat has passed.
  • The analogy of an overzealous car alarm may not fully capture the complexity of panic attacks and could potentially minimize the experience of those who suffer from them.
  • The effectiveness of coping strategies such as visualization and grounding exercises can vary greatly from person to person, and what works for one individual may not work for another.
  • The suggestion to face panic attacks directly may not be suitable for everyone, especially without professional guidance, as it could potentially worsen the situation for some individuals.
  • The concept of imagining anxiety as a harmless entity behind glass may not resonate with or be helpful to all individuals, and some may find other metaphors or techniques more effective.
  • The text does not address the potential need for professional treatment, such as therapy or medication, which can be crucial for many individuals dealing with panic attacks and anxiety disorders.

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173. Your guide to panic attacks

What panic attacks actually are

Jemma Sbeg delves into the nature of panic attacks, highlighting their connection to our instinctual fight or flight response and discussing the modern implications of this ancient survival mechanism.

The fight or flight response

An automatic urge to address danger to ensure survival

Sbeg describes panic attacks as a sudden onset of extreme dread and anxiety, which act as a survival emotion preparing individuals to respond to danger. This response is an evolutionary development, essentially an alarm system that focuses on addressing the dangerous element by creating intense fear that overrides rational and logical thinking.

Sbeg explains that the fight or flight response has evolved over generations to include not just fighting or fleeing from danger, but freezing as well. It's an automatic urge to address perceived danger in order to ensure survival. Originally developed to help our ancestors respond to real physical threats such as predators, natural disasters, or enemy groups, this response now gets activated by anything we perceive as dangerous or stressful.

The sympathetic nervous system initiates the fight or flight response, enhancing bodily functions necessary for immediate action (like an increased heart rate and adrenaline release) and suppressing those that aren't essential at that moment (like digestion and sexual functions). As a result, the physical symptoms of a panic attack, including a racing heart, sweating, and dizziness, are the body preparing itself for perceived threats.

However, Sbeg points out that panic attacks often occur in the absence of an immediate threat; they are the result of a "broken" alarm system that mistakenly assesses something as dangerous based on var ...

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What panic attacks actually are

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response. It activates during perceived threats, increasing heart rate and releasing adrenaline for immediate action. This system works in contrast to the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes rest-and-digest activities when the body is at rest. Sympathetic nerves arise from the central nervous system and are involved in preparing the body for action in response to stress or danger.
  • The fight or flight response is an evolutionary adaptation that helps organisms respond to threats by preparing the body for action. This response originated as a survival mechanism to deal with physical dangers in the environment. Over time, it has evolved to include freezing as a response option in addition to fighting or fleeing. The sympathetic nervous system triggers this response, leading to physical changes that enhance immediate action and suppress non-essential functions.
  • A "broken" alarm system in the context of panic attacks refers to an overactive or hypersensitive fight or flight response. This means that the body's alarm system is triggered by minor or non-threatening stimuli, leading to the experience of panic attacks even in situations where there is no real danger present. This heightened sensitivity can be a characteristic of conditions like panic disorder or anxiety, where the body's threat assessment mechanism is not accurately calibrated to the level of actual danger.
  • A lower threshold for panic responses means that individuals with panic disorder or anxiety are more easily triggered into experiencing intense fear and anxiety compared to others. This heightened sensitivity can lead to the activation of the fight or flight response even in situations that may not pose a real threat. Essentially, it implies that the alarm system in these individuals is set to react strongly to various triggers, even ones that might s ...

Counterarguments

  • The fight or flight response is not the only reaction to danger; there is also the "tend and befriend" response, which is more common in females and involves seeking social support and nurturing others to cope with stress.
  • Not all panic attacks are related to the fight or flight response; some may be due to other underlying medical conditions or side effects of medication, which should be considered in a differential diagnosis.
  • The description of the fight or flight response as an "automatic urge" may oversimplify the complex interplay of cognitive and environmental factors that influence how an individual perceives and responds to danger.
  • The idea that the fight or flight response is now activated by anything perceived as dangerous or stressful may not account for the variability in individual thresholds for stress and the role of learned experiences in shaping these perceptions.
  • The sympathetic nervous system's role in the fight or flight response is well-established, but the parasympathetic nervous system also plays a crucial role in returning the body to a state of calm after the threat has passed, which is not mentioned in the text.
  • The notion that panic attacks result from a "broken" alarm system may be an oversimplification, as it does not consider the multifactorial ...

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173. Your guide to panic attacks

How to cope with panic attacks and bring yourself back down to earth

Jemma Sbeg emphasizes the importance of confronting and understanding panic attacks, offering strategies to manage and regain control during these overwhelming moments.

Don't avoid or suppress panic, give it 30 seconds to "do its worst"

Sbeg encourages confronting panic head-on, advising against the avoidance or suppression of panic, as this could worsen the situation in the long run. She suggests giving the panic 30 seconds to "do its worst," allowing the nervous energy a place to go. Acknowledge the feelings of panic as a way to overcome them, and speak to the anxiety with compassion, seeing it as an emotion trying to be seen, and not something to be feared.

Notice the feeling and visualize it moving away from you

Visualize the anxiety as something tangible that you can move away from your body, such as being washed away by a tide or throwing it like a ball as far as possible. Sbeg also recommends visualizing the anxiety as a weak creature that has run out of energy and is calming down.

Use grounding exercises like putting feet on grass, focusing senses on surroundings

Sbeg mentions grounding exercises as effective methods for stabilizing stress and generating calm. Removing your shoes and standing on dirt or grass can help calm the brain, utilizing the earth's electric charge to stabilize stress and improve blood flow.

Use breathing exercises (4-4-4 or 5-5-5)

Breathing exercises can play a critical role in coping with panic attacks. Sbeg suggests quick breathing exercises like the 4-4-4 method (breathing in for four seconds, holding for four seconds, exhaling for four seconds) or the 5-5-5 method (breathing in for five seconds, holding for five seconds, exhaling for five seco ...

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How to cope with panic attacks and bring yourself back down to earth

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Breathing exercises like 4-4-4 or 5-5-5 involve structured patterns of inhaling, holding, and exhaling breath to help regulate and calm the body during moments of anxiety or panic. The numbers in these exercises represent the duration of each phase of the breath cycle, providing a simple and effective method to focus on breathing and reduce stress. The 4-4-4 method involves breathing in for four seconds, holding for four seconds, and exhaling for four seconds, while the 5-5-5 method follows the same pattern with a count of five seconds for each phase. These techniques can help bring a sense of control and relaxation during moments of heightened anxiety.
  • A personal checklist of calming strategies is a list of personalized techniques or actions that an individual can use to help manage stress or anxiety. These strategies are tailored to the individual's preferences and have been found to be effective in providing comfort and relief during moments of distress. The checklist serves as a quick reference guide to remind the person of the various methods they can employ to calm themselves down when feeling overwhelmed. It can include a range of techniques such as deep breathing exercises, positive affirmations, visualization practices, or physical activities that help in reducing anxiety levels.
  • Visualizing anxiety as a specimen ...

Counterarguments

  • Confronting panic might not be suitable for everyone, especially without professional guidance, as it could potentially lead to increased anxiety for some individuals.
  • Giving panic 30 seconds to "do its worst" may not be effective for all, as panic attacks vary in intensity and duration, and some may require immediate intervention.
  • Acknowledging feelings of panic is important, but without proper techniques or support, some individuals might struggle to manage their emotions effectively.
  • Visualization techniques are subjective and may not resonate with everyone; some people might find it difficult to engage in such practices during a panic attack.
  • Grounding exercises like putting feet on grass are not always practical or accessible, especially for those living in urban environments or experiencing a panic attack indoors.
  • Focusing on the senses can be overwhelming for some individuals during a panic attack, potentially exacerbating the situation.
  • Breathing exercises are generally helpful, but ...

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