Podcasts > The Peter Attia Drive > #366 ‒ Transforming education with AI and an individualized, mastery-based education model | Joe Liemandt

#366 ‒ Transforming education with AI and an individualized, mastery-based education model | Joe Liemandt

By Peter Attia, MD

In this episode of The Peter Attia Drive, software entrepreneur Joe Liemandt discusses his transition from founding Trilogy, an early AI company, to working on education reform as the principal of Alpha School. He examines current challenges in K-12 education, including declining academic performance and the limitations of traditional teaching methods that fail to ensure students master fundamental concepts.

The discussion explores Alpha School's innovative approach, which combines AI technology with mastery-based learning to address these educational challenges. Liemandt outlines how the school incorporates AI tutoring systems, financial incentives, and dedicated time for life skills development. He also addresses the obstacles to scaling this educational model, from parent resistance to logistical hurdles in public education implementation, and shares his plans for making AI-based education more accessible.

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#366 ‒ Transforming education with AI and an individualized, mastery-based education model | Joe Liemandt

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#366 ‒ Transforming education with AI and an individualized, mastery-based education model | Joe Liemandt

1-Page Summary

Liemandt's Background and Path to Education Reform

Joe Liemandt, a successful software entrepreneur, left Stanford in 1989 to found Trilogy, which became the first AI company to sell a billion dollars worth of AI products in the 1990s. After three years at Trilogy, Liemandt shifted his focus to transform K-12 education, becoming the principal of Alpha School. His interest in education reform was sparked by his own children's positive experiences at Alpha School, which demonstrated the potential of innovative educational approaches.

Issues With the Current K-12 Education System

According to Liemandt, the U.S. education system shows concerning trends in academic performance. Only 55% of 12th graders meet basic mathematics levels, and 67% meet reading standards—the lowest in two decades. He points out that grade inflation masks this decline, with even A-grade students potentially being years behind in actual knowledge. The traditional one-size-fits-all approach fails to ensure mastery of fundamental concepts, leading to significant knowledge gaps as students progress through grades.

The Alpha School Model and Its Key Innovations

Alpha School combines AI technology with mastery-based learning to create an engaging educational environment. Liemandt reports that students learn up to 10 times faster than in traditional classes, with AI tutoring systems adapting to individual learning styles and interests. The school uses extrinsic motivators, including financial rewards, to encourage academic achievement and build student confidence. Beyond academics, Alpha dedicates four hours daily to life skills development, including leadership, entrepreneurship, and physical activities, with former teachers serving as guides for personalized mentorship.

Challenges To Scaling New Educational Approach

Liemandt faces several obstacles in expanding his educational model. Parents often resist changes to traditional schooling methods, particularly the concept that students could learn more in less time. The integration of Alpha's model into public education poses logistical and political challenges, including restructuring school days and securing necessary funding. Liemandt acknowledges that current educational technologies need improvement and envisions developing more affordable AI-based solutions in the coming years, with plans to establish multiple campuses at various price points to increase accessibility.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Mastery-based learning is an educational approach where students must demonstrate a high level of understanding in a subject before progressing to new material. It involves personalized support and repeated assessments until mastery is achieved. This method focuses on individual student needs and understanding, rather than a fixed timeline for covering content. Mastery learning aims to ensure that all students can effectively learn with appropriate instruction and time.
  • Extrinsic motivators are external rewards or incentives used to encourage certain behaviors or outcomes. These rewards can include tangible rewards like money, prizes, or grades, as well as intangible rewards like praise or recognition. They are contrasted with intrinsic motivators, which come from within a person, such as personal satisfaction or enjoyment. Extrinsic motivators are often employed in educational settings to boost student performance and engagement.
  • An AI tutoring system is a computer program that mimics human tutors by providing personalized instruction and feedback to learners. It uses artificial intelligence to adapt to individual learning styles and interests, enhancing the educational experience. These systems aim to replicate the benefits of one-on-one tutoring in a scalable and efficient manner, helping students learn at their own pace. AI tutoring systems have shown promise in improving learning outcomes and engagement in various educational settings.
  • Grade inflation is the phenomenon where higher grades are given for the same level of achievement over time, potentially leading to a devaluation of grades. This can occur when the quality of work does not align with the high grades awarded, impacting the accuracy and reliability of grading systems. Grade inflation is a concern in education systems worldwide, as it can affect student motivation, feedback effectiveness, and fairness in academic evaluations. It is often debated due to its implications for student performance, educational standards, and the overall integrity of grading practices.
  • Integrating new educational models into public education faces logistical challenges like restructuring school schedules and securing funding. Political challenges involve navigating government policies, gaining support from stakeholders, and addressing potential resistance to change. These challenges can impact the implementation and scalability of innovative educational approaches within the public school system.
  • Educational technologies face challenges such as limited personalization for diverse learning styles, lack of teacher training for effective integration, issues with data privacy and security, and the need for continuous updates to keep pace with evolving educational needs.

Counterarguments

  • The success of Trilogy as the first AI company to sell a billion dollars worth of AI products does not necessarily translate to expertise in education reform.
  • Leaving a successful tech company to become a principal may not provide the necessary qualifications or experience in educational leadership and pedagogy.
  • Positive experiences of one's own children at a particular school may not reflect the broader applicability of that school's approach to all students.
  • The reported decline in academic performance could be influenced by a variety of factors beyond the education system itself, such as socioeconomic issues, which may not be addressed by changing educational models alone.
  • Grade inflation is a complex issue that may not be fully addressed by the introduction of a new school model.
  • Mastery-based learning and AI technology may not be the only or best solution to educational challenges; other models, such as project-based learning or inquiry-based learning, may also offer significant benefits.
  • Learning up to 10 times faster is a strong claim that would require rigorous, peer-reviewed research to validate and may not be achievable for all students or in all subjects.
  • The use of extrinsic motivators like financial rewards in education is controversial and may not lead to long-term engagement or intrinsic motivation in students.
  • A heavy focus on life skills development, while valuable, may come at the expense of academic depth in certain subjects.
  • Parental resistance to change in education may stem from valid concerns about unproven methods and the stability of their children's education.
  • Logistical and political challenges in integrating a new model into public education may reflect legitimate concerns about scalability, cost, and the impact on existing educational structures.
  • The need for improvement in educational technologies suggests that the current model may not yet be ready for widespread implementation.
  • Plans to establish multiple campuses at various price points may not address the issue of educational equity and access for all students, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

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#366 ‒ Transforming education with AI and an individualized, mastery-based education model | Joe Liemandt

Liemandt's Background and Path to Education Reform

Software entrepreneur Joe Liemandt has pivoted from creating a profitable software company to pursuing significant change in K-12 education, influenced by his background and his children's experiences.

Liemandt's Career and Trilogy, a Software Company Founding

Joe Liemandt enters the tech scene after leaving Stanford to build his own enterprise.

Liemandt Dropped Out of Stanford to Start Trilogy, a Profitable Software Company

In about 1989, Joe Lemar, a member of Stanford's class of 1990, dropped out during his junior year to start Trilogy. It was the first AI company in the 1990s to sell a billion dollars of AI products. Liemandt believed there was an urgent time to market issue, encapsulated in his mindset, "My market's going to run away without me," which propelled him to leave his studies to seize the business opportunity. However, he later recognized that there wasn't a strict time to market issue as it took over three years to build the product at Trilogy.

Liemandt's Pivot to Education Reform

Joe Liemandt undergoes a profound shift, channeling his resources and passion into transforming K-12 education.

After Three Years at Trilogy, Liemandt Aimed to Transform K-12 Education

Joe has already left Trilogy three years prior to become the principal of Alpha School, demonstrating his commitment to influencing K-12 education for the next decades of his life. The shift from software to education signifies Liemandt's passion for incorporating AI into an educational framework and applying his capital f ...

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Liemandt's Background and Path to Education Reform

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Actionables

  • Explore the potential of AI in your child's education by researching and discussing with their teachers the integration of AI tools for personalized learning. This could involve looking into AI-based educational software that adapts to a student's learning pace and style, and advocating for its trial in your child's classroom to enhance their learning experience.
  • Evaluate the urgency of your personal projects by setting flexible deadlines and adjusting them as you learn more about the necessary time investment. For instance, if you're working on a creative project or starting a small business, begin with a set deadline but allow yourself to shift it as you better understand the scope and requirements, ensuring quality isn't sacrificed for speed.
  • Foster innovation in education ...

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#366 ‒ Transforming education with AI and an individualized, mastery-based education model | Joe Liemandt

Issues With the Current K-12 Education System

The U.S. education system faces significant challenges, with evidence suggesting declining academic performance and a one-size-fits-all approach that does not meet individual students' needs.

Declining Academic Performance and Standards in the US

Nationwide Math and Reading Test Scores Decline Over Two Decades

Joe Liemandt comments on the concerning results of the National Assessment of Education Progress Tests, which demonstrate that only 55% of 12th graders meet the basic level in mathematics and only 67% in reading—the lowest in over 20 years, signaling a declining trend in basic skills.

Grade Inflation and Lowered Standards Mask Student Underperformance

Liemandt also discusses the discrepancy between standardized test scores, which are declining, and grade inflation which masks this underperformance. He notes that the norm tables of the NWEA MAP test reveal an average eighth grader in 2025 knows less than their counterpart in 2020, continuing the downwards trend in knowledge levels. Moreover, aside from the top 1% of students, everyone else's scores are going down. Liemandt reveals that students who receive A's at their private schools can be one to three years behind according to Alpha's tests. He further remarks that students who are B level could be as much as three to seven years behind. This suggests that high grades can be misleading, as even high-performing students are behind in academic standards.

Liemandt discusses how the AP tests have been re-normed because college students know less, making the previously sufficient score of 4 insufficient and resulting in only a score of 5 now being deemed enough for the honors track. This exemplifies a broader issue of lowering academic standards.

Systemic Problems With the One-Size-Fits-All Approach to Education

Model Fails to Ensure Mastery, Leading To Knowledge Gaps

Liemandt remarks on the systemic issue with "janky" educational apps that have gaps, potentially contributing to a false sense of student proficiency and actual knowledge gaps. He argues that without mastery of basics, such as multiplication tables which the education system is moving away from, students lack the necessary foundation to tackle ...

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Issues With the Current K-12 Education System

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Joe Liemandt is a prominent figure in the tech industry, known for founding the software company Trilogy in the 1980s. He is also recognized for his involvement in education reform efforts, particularly in advocating for personalized learning and addressing challenges in the K-12 education system. Liemandt's insights often stem from his experiences in technology and his interest in improving educational outcomes through innovative approaches.
  • The NWEA MAP test is a widely used assessment tool that measures students' academic progress and growth over time in various subjects like math and reading. Alpha's tests are assessments developed by a specific educational organization or institution to evaluate students' knowledge and skills, often tailored to their curriculum or standards. These tests help educators understand students' strengths and weaknesses, informing instructional strategies and interventions to support their learning needs effectively.
  • The process of re-norming AP tests involves adjusting the scoring criteria to account for changes in student knowledge levels over time. This adjustment is made to ensure that the scores accurately reflect students' performance relative to the current academic standards. In the case mentioned, the re-norming resulted in a higher score requirement (from 4 to 5) to qualify for the honors track, indicating a shift in the perceived level of achievement needed for academic recognition.
  • Cognitive load theory in education focuses on the mental effort required for learning tasks. It categorizes cognitive load into intrinsic, germane, and extraneous types. The theory aims to optimize instructional design to reduce cognitive load on lear ...

Counterarguments

  • Test scores may not fully capture a student's intelligence or potential, and there are alternative methods of assessment that could provide a more comprehensive view of student abilities.
  • The decline in test scores could be influenced by external factors such as socioeconomic disparities, access to resources, and changes in student populations over time.
  • Grade inflation might reflect changes in educational philosophy towards more holistic and less punitive assessment methods rather than a decline in standards.
  • The assertion that students are behind in knowledge could be challenged by the argument that education is adapting to prioritize different skills and competencies for the 21st century.
  • The re-norming of AP tests could be seen as an adjustment to better align with current educational goals and college readiness rather than a straightforward lowering of standards.
  • The criticism of educational apps may overlook the benefits and advancements in adaptive learning technologies that can support individualized learning.
  • The one-size-fits-all critique may not acknowledge the efforts and reforms in place aimed at differentiated instruction and personalized learning within the traditional education system.
  • The role of rote memorization in learning is a subject of debate, and some ...

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#366 ‒ Transforming education with AI and an individualized, mastery-based education model | Joe Liemandt

The Alpha School Model and Its Key Innovations

The Alpha School, as discussed by its co-founders Joe Liemandt and Brian, presents a groundbreaking approach to education aiming to revolutionize student engagement, learning efficiency, and overall development using artificial intelligence (AI) and a mastery-based learning model.

Prioritizing Student Engagement and Motivation

Alpha Aims to Make School Enjoyable and Anticipated

At the Alpha School, the co-founders emphasize creating a school system that children not only benefit from but genuinely love. Liemandt discusses the school's vibrant atmosphere, where students can be seen walking on their hands while reciting spelling bee words, showing that learning can be both effective and enjoyable. The sports academy is another example of how Alpha entwines academics with exciting activities, fostering eagerness among students to attend school. Parents have noticed a shift in their children's attitudes, with students waking up early and excited for their school day. With approximately 50% of kids preferring school over vacation, Alpha measures the success of their approach by setting a high standard for the educational experience.

Extrinsic Motivators Help Students Overcome Hurdles and Unlock Potential

Alpha School uses extrinsic motivators, such as time back and financial rewards, to encourage student engagement and performance. By offering middle school kids $1,000 to reach the top 1% of their class, Alpha not only stimulates academic achievement but also prompts a transformative shift in the way students view themselves. This change in self-perception is considered more consequential than the academic knowledge itself, showing students that they are capable of overcoming limitations. Liemandt recounts an instance where such incentives spurred his daughter to improve her self-confidence and excel, fundamentally altering her internal assessment of her abilities.

Leveraging Learning Science and AI Technology

Alpha's AI Curriculum Enables Students to Learn 10x Faster Than Traditional Classes

The AI curriculum at Alpha School allows students to complete grade-level subjects in record time—sometimes in as little as 20 to 30 hours—with the AI tutoring system designed to operate within the students' zone of proximal development. This individualized and mastery-based approach has shown that students can retain 20 to 40 facts per hour, with objectives to improve to 100 facts per hour. The predictive learning AI adapts to the student’s interests, integrating contextual learning, such as teaching statistics through baseball analogies.

Real-Time Data and Feedback Enable Continuous Learning Optimization

At Alpha, AI technology observes student screens, delivering instant coaching to encourage effective learning behaviors. The AI curriculum not only optimizes real-time data and feedback but also informs students of their learning needs, such as when they fall behind and how to remediate knowledge gaps swiftly. Liemandt's daughter’s SAT preparation is an example of personalized feedback systems providing students with a clear pathway toward their academic goals.

Balanced Focus on Academics, Life Skills, and Development

Accelerated Academics, Al ...

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The Alpha School Model and Its Key Innovations

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Concerns about the long-term effectiveness of extrinsic motivators, as they may not foster intrinsic motivation for learning.
  • Questions about the scalability of the Alpha School model, particularly in underfunded public school systems.
  • Potential for increased stress or pressure on students due to high expectations and rapid learning pace.
  • Skepticism about the claim of students learning 10x faster, as it may not account for the depth of understanding or critical thinking skills.
  • The possibility that AI technology may not fully understand or adapt to the nuanced needs of each student, especially those with learning differences.
  • The risk of data privacy issues with AI monitoring student screens and behavior.
  • Concerns that a heavy reliance on technology might reduce opportunities for students to develop social skills and collaborative learning experiences.
  • The financial model of the school (if it includes high tuition or fees) may not b ...

Actionables

  • You can create a reward system for your personal goals by assigning monetary or material incentives for each milestone you achieve. For instance, if you're trying to learn a new language, you could treat yourself to a favorite meal or a small cash reward every time you complete a level in your language learning app. This mimics the extrinsic motivation strategy used by Alpha School and can help maintain your enthusiasm and commitment to your learning objectives.
  • Incorporate rapid feedback loops into your personal projects by using apps that track progress and provide immediate insights. For example, if you're working on improving your fitness, use a smartwatch or fitness app that gives you real-time data on your workouts, allowing you to adjust your exercise routine on the fly for better results, similar to how Alpha's AI curriculum offers real-time data to optimize student learning.
  • Bal ...

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#366 ‒ Transforming education with AI and an individualized, mastery-based education model | Joe Liemandt

Challenges To Scaling New Educational Approach

Joe Liemandt delves into the significant challenges he encounters as he aims to innovate the educational landscape with his vision of a new teaching model.

Overcoming Entrenched Mindsets and Skepticism About Educational Reform

Resistance To Changing the Traditional School Model

Liemandt acknowledges parental skepticism around new educational models and suggests that to overcome this, parents need to see tangible outcomes from the new schooling system. He faced resistance from parents who believed that suggesting students could learn more in less time would put more academic pressure on children. This resistance is also linked to the protective instinct of parents who do not want to see their children struggle. Moreover, there is resistance from both parents and students to reassessing competency in previously covered material.

Liemandt Must Persuade Stakeholders to Embrace Priority and Method Shifts

One challenge to adopting Alpha's methods is the entrenched belief in traditional grade-level benchmarks, which contradicts the findings of learning science that he advocates. Liemandt also encounters resistance when the idea of shutting down failing schools is proposed, which reveals parents' prioritizing community and existing relationships over academic performance improvements. Parents and students must be convinced to embrace significant shifts in priorities and educational methods, such as a focus on mastery of basics and filling in knowledge gaps rather than advancing through grade level material regardless of mastery. There's also the challenge of overcoming stereotypes of "evil billionaire tech guys" in convincing stakeholders of the benefits of technology in education.

Integrating Alpha's Model Into Schools Poses Logistical and Political Hurdles

Liemandt discusses the complex difficulties of integrating Alpha's educational model into the public education system, noting a significant divergence of needs and expectations. Integrating such a model requires substantial changes to the school day structure, with superintendents remaining uncertain on how to employ this model and what children would do for the rest of the day. Upscale private schools even find this model too much of a departure to consider.

Scaling Nationwide Model Faces Funding Challenges

Scaling to a nationwide model is evidently ambitious, aiming to reach at least 1 billion kids within 20 years, which brings considerable economic implications. Although not specified, the context implies that there are challenges associated with funding required to scale up such a model. Liemandt talks about his concept of establishing a c ...

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Challenges To Scaling New Educational Approach

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Skepticism from parents may stem from a valid concern for evidence-based approaches and the well-being of their children, rather than a resistance to change.
  • The traditional school model has evolved over time and may have aspects that are still relevant and effective for student learning.
  • Reassessing competency in previously covered material could be seen as redundant and demotivating for students who have already demonstrated mastery.
  • Embracing significant shifts in educational methods may not account for the diverse learning styles and needs of all students.
  • Community and existing relationships in schools play a crucial role in a child's development and may sometimes outweigh purely academic considerations.
  • The integration of technology in education should not overlook the value of human interaction and traditional teaching methods that have proven successful.
  • Logistical and political hurdles in integrating new models into public schools may reflect necessary checks and balances in the education system to ensure quality and equity.
  • The uncertainty of what children would do for the rest of the day could highlight a need for a more holistic educational approach that includes extracurricular activities and social development.
  • Funding challenges for scaling educational models may prompt a reevaluation of resource allocation and the exploration of more cost-effective solutions.
  • The establishment of a chain of schools could lead to a homogenization of education, which may not serve the diverse needs of all communities.
  • Different tuition rates to make the model more affordable could still perpetuate i ...

Actionables

  • You can start a blog or social media page to share personal stories and data on the successes of new schooling systems, helping to make outcomes more visible and tangible for skeptical parents. For example, if your child is part of a new educational model, document their progress and achievements, and share testimonials from other parents and students who have seen positive results.
  • Volunteer to organize informal discussion groups with parents and educators in your community to explore concerns about academic pressure and find a balance that works for everyone. Use these groups to brainstorm and propose solutions that maintain a healthy learning environment without overburdening students, such as flexible homework policies or stress management workshops.
  • Create a simple online survey ...

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