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The Rise and Fall of The Village Voice

By The New York Times

Dive into the storied past of New York City's emblematic newspaper with "The Book Review," featuring speakers Advertisement, Gilbert Cruz, and Dwight Garner. This episode peels back the pages on The Village Voice, charting its ascent as a flagship of counterculture journalism and its embrace of an alternative editorial aesthetic that challenged the established media discourse. The Village Voice stood out for its critical takes on giants in American media, its pioneering role in off-Broadway theatre, and its pulse on underground music and social currents, earning a distinct place in New York’s cultural landscape.

Exploring the intricacies of oral history in literature and journalism, the speakers unveil how this storytelling method provides a woven multiperspective view of events, demanding a keen editorial direction to meld narratives into a compelling account. They reminisce about influential figures like Wayne Barrett and James Walcott, whose work at The Voice not only defined its legacy but also set a benchmark for investigative and critical journalism. Furthermore, the impact of technological advancements on classifieds and community information dissemination is scrutinized, reflecting on the changing tides of how we engage with local culture—in essence, a microcosm of The Village Voice’s rise and evolution.

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The Rise and Fall of The Village Voice

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The Rise and Fall of The Village Voice

1-Page Summary

The Village Voice newspaper, its growth into a voice of the counterculture

The Village Voice emerges in 1955 by a group including Norman Mailer, serving as the alternative voice to mainstream media in downtown New York City, particularly below 14th Street. It covers a wide range of subjects, from politics to the arts, and sets itself apart with its open style of journalism. The Voice gains a reputation for its critical standpoints against American media giants and pioneers in championing off-Broadway plays, establishing the Obie Awards. Additionally, it features Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoons and delves into the underground music scenes and social movements, capturing the essence of New York City life through its articles and visuals.

Oral History as a Format

Oral history as a journalistic and literary approach is discussed, with its origins credited to Studs Terkel's works on the Great Depression and WWII. The format sees a modern resurgence with George Plimpton's book on Edie Sedgwick. Oral histories are praised for providing a multiperspective view of history, engaging readers to interpret a woven tapestry of narratives. The necessity of a strong editorial hand is emphasized for shaping these narratives into a compelling and coherent format, as illustrated by Gilbert Cruz's experience at Vulture, New York Magazine's culture site.

Writers and critics from The Village Voice

Wayne Barrett stands out for his groundbreaking investigative reporting on Donald Trump, revealing Trump's business practices in the 1970s and '80s. James Walcott's expertise in criticism, spanning numerous art forms, earns him the title of "critic's critic" and sets a high standard in arts journalism. The work of these writers has not only influenced The Village Voice's legacy but has also laid the groundwork for subsequent investigative and critical endeavors.

The Village Voice and the rise of punk rock criticism

With its insightful criticism and coverage, The Village Voice becomes a pivotal platform for the punk rock movement. The publication infuses the cultural landscape with robust content on artists and venues that define punk music. Robert Christgau, as a leading music critic at the Voice, contributes significantly to punk and New Wave genres by bringing sharp critiques and attention to this new wave of sound. Christgau's concise style and graded album reviews resonate with the raw energy of punk, establishing the Voice as a driving force in shaping the genre's public and critical perception.

Listings and events as a cultural clearinghouse

The Village Voice thrives on classifieds and ad sections, which prove crucial to its economic model by providing a space for apartment rentals, job ads, and cultural listings. However, technological advancements, epitomized by websites like Craigslist, disrupt the traditional revenue streams from these sections, diminishing their role in local culture exchange. This shift signifies the broader transformation affecting alternative weeklies and the way community events and services are communicated and discovered.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Village Voice played a crucial role in counterculture by providing a platform for alternative viewpoints and challenging mainstream media narratives. It championed off-Broadway plays, supported underground music scenes, and covered social movements that were often overlooked by traditional outlets. The publication's open style of journalism and critical standpoints against established media giants made it a voice for dissent and cultural exploration. Through its articles and visuals, The Village Voice captured the essence of New York City's vibrant and diverse cultural landscape, influencing the development of countercultural movements.
  • Oral history in journalism involves recording and preserving firsthand accounts of historical events or experiences. It provides a diverse range of perspectives and personal narratives that may not be captured in traditional written sources. Oral histories require careful curation and editing to present a coherent and engaging narrative for readers. They offer a unique and intimate insight into the past, enriching our understanding of history through individual voices.
  • Wayne Barrett was known for his investigative reporting on Donald Trump's business practices in the 1970s and '80s. His work shed light on Trump's early career and financial dealings. James Wolcott was a prominent critic at The Village Voice, known for his expertise in various art forms. Wolcott's critical insights set a high standard in arts journalism and influenced the publication's legacy.
  • The Village Voice played a significant role in the rise of punk rock criticism by providing insightful coverage and critiques of punk music artists and venues. Music critic Robert Christgau, a prominent figure at the Voice, contributed greatly to the punk and New Wave genres with his sharp reviews and attention to emerging sounds. The Voice's concise style and graded album reviews resonated with the raw energy of punk, shaping public and critical perceptions of the genre. This helped establish the Voice as a key influencer in shaping the cultural landscape of punk rock music.
  • The Village Voice relied on classifieds and ads for revenue, crucial for its economic model. Technological advancements like Craigslist disrupted this model by offering similar services online. This shift impacted the traditional revenue streams of alternative weeklies like The Village Voice.

Counterarguments

  • While The Village Voice played a significant role in alternative journalism, some critics argue that its influence waned over time as the media landscape became more fragmented and digital media rose to prominence.
  • The open style of journalism practiced by The Village Voice, though innovative, may have also led to criticisms of subjectivity and a lack of objectivity in reporting.
  • The Voice's support of off-Broadway plays and the creation of the Obie Awards, while commendable, might be seen as contributing to a specific cultural elitism or exclusivity within the arts community.
  • The reliance on a strong editorial hand in shaping oral histories could be criticized for potentially introducing bias or shaping narratives to fit a particular agenda.
  • Investigative reporting, such as Wayne Barrett's work on Donald Trump, while groundbreaking, can be subject to scrutiny regarding the fairness and balance of the portrayal of its subjects.
  • Critics might argue that the punk rock movement and its criticism in The Village Voice represented a narrow cultural perspective that did not necessarily reflect the broader range of music and cultural expressions of the time.
  • The economic model based on classifieds and ad sections, while crucial for The Village Voice, may have been unsustainable in the long term, as evidenced by the impact of technological advancements like Craigslist.
  • The disruption of traditional revenue streams by platforms like Craigslist could be seen as a natural evolution of the marketplace, offering more efficient and user-friendly methods for community events and services to be communicated and discovered.

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The Rise and Fall of The Village Voice

The Village Voice newspaper, its growth into a voice of the counterculture

The Village Voice, co-founded by Norman Mailer in 1955, grew from a geographic focus on downtown New York City to become a leading voice of the counterculture movement.

Early history, founders, scope

Founded in 1955 by writers including Norman Mailer

The Village Voice was established by a group of writers and editors, with Norman Mailer as one of its notable founders. The paper's mission was to serve as a vibrant, alternative voice to mainstream media outlets like The New York Times. Its early history is characterized by an eclectic coverage agenda that spanned the spectrums of politics, culture, and the arts.

Originally a downtown NYC paper focused below 14th Street

Specifically targeting the downtown ethos, the Voice aimed to truly capture the alternative and general culture below 14th Street in New York City—a geographical location that also came to represent a state of mind reflective of the counterculture's core.

Provided an "alternative voice" to mainstream publications like The New York Times

The Voice was recognized for its distinct and open style of journalism that set it apart from mainstream publications such as Time Magazine, Newsweek, and The New York Times. Dwight Garner notes a sense of rivalry or tension between The Village Voice and more established media outlets, even suggesting that it was once not proper to talk too much about The Village Voice at The New York Times.

Eclectic coverage across politics, arts, culture that became hugely influential

Known for its critical standpoint, The Village Voice often took aim at American media, including The New York Times, through its broad-ranging coverage. It was pioneering in its support for off-Broadway plays and started the Obie Awards, which recognize Off-Broadway and Off- ...

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The Village Voice newspaper, its growth into a voice of the counterculture

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The counterculture movement of the 1960s and 1970s was a social and cultural phenomenon that emerged as a response to mainstream norms and values. It encompassed various groups and individuals who rejected traditional societal conventions, advocating for alternative lifestyles, political beliefs, and artistic expressions. The movement was characterized by a spirit of rebellion, experimentation, and a desire for social change. Key aspects included a focus on civil rights, anti-war activism, environmentalism, feminism, and the embrace of alternative forms of art, music, and literature.
  • The downtown ethos below 14th Street in New York City referred to a specific geographic area known for its bohemian culture, artistic vibrancy, and countercultural movements. This region was historically a hub for artists, musicians, and intellectuals who sought alternative lifestyles and creative expression. The neighborhoods below 14th Street, such as Greenwich Village and the East Village, were synonymous with nonconformity, experimentation, and a rejection of mainstream norms. The cultural scene in this area played a significant role in shaping the counterculture movement of the mid-20th century.
  • Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway are terms used in the theater world to categorize different types of theatrical productions based on their size, budget, and location. Off-Broadway shows are typically smaller-scale productions that are staged in theaters in New York City but not on Broadway itself. Off-Off-Broadway shows are even more intimate and experimental, often performed in smaller venues with limited seating capacity. These categories provide opportunities for more diverse and innovative theatrical performances outside the commercial constraints of Broadway.
  • The punk movement at CBGB was a significant cultural phenomenon centered around the CBGB music club in New York City. CBGB, which stood for "Country, Bluegrass, and Blues," became a hub for punk rock music in the 1970s. Bands like the Ramones, Blondie, and Talking Heads performed at CBGB, helping to define the punk rock genre and influencing music and culture worldwide. The venue played a crucial role in the development of punk music, providing a platform for emerging artists and fostering a ...

Counterarguments

  • While The Village Voice aimed to be an alternative to mainstream media, some critics might argue that it still represented a particular segment of society and was not entirely inclusive of all countercultural perspectives.
  • The focus on downtown New York City below 14th Street, while capturing a specific cultural zeitgeist, may have inadvertently marginalized or overlooked important movements and voices from other parts of the city or country.
  • The Voice's coverage was wide-ranging, but some might contend that its editorial stance and selection of topics reflected a bias inherent in any media outlet, potentially influencing the narratives it chose to amplify.
  • The influence of The Village Voice in supporting off-Broadway plays and starting the Obie Awards is notable, but it could be argued that other institutions and publications were also instrumental in promoting the arts, and the Voice's role should not be overstated.
  • While Jules Feiffer’s cartoons were Pulitzer Prize-winning, some readers or critics might have found them controversial or not representative of their views.
  • The Voice's coverage of alternative music scenes, feminism, gay rights, civil rights, and more was pioneering, but some might argue that it did not always give equal attention to all voices within those movements.
  • The reporti ...

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The Rise and Fall of The Village Voice

Oral History as a Format

The podcast delves into the intricacies and applications of oral histories in both digital and print media, discussing their unique attributes and the essential role of editorial oversight.

Examples and Strengths

Originated with Studs Terkel Oral Histories of the Great Depression and World War II

Dwight Garner brings attention to Studs Terkel, a remarkable figure in the world of oral histories. Terkel's significant works include "Hard Times" about the Great Depression and "The Good War" about World War II. Terkel's approach involved crafting essays from interviews with individuals, allowing them to articulate their experiences in their own words.

Had a Modern Resurgence with George Plimpton's 1982 Book on Edie Sedgwick

The discussion recognizes George Plimpton as a pivotal contributor to the modern resurgence of oral history, particularly with his co-authored book "Edie: American Girl" about socialite and actress Edie Sedgwick. This book became a bestseller and ushered in a renaissance of oral history in American culture. Plimpton’s work is hailed for making the interview a literary form and providing a dynamic sense of reality by letting the reader draw their own conclusions from the multiple perspectives offered.

Allows Readers to Piece Together History from Multiple Perspectives

Oral histories offer a unique vantage point, allowing readers to piece together history through the lens of multiple perspectives. This method provides a rich, polyphonic experience where readers are ...

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Oral History as a Format

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Studs Terkel was a prominent American author and broadcaster known for his pioneering work in oral history. He conducted interviews with ordinary people, allowing them to share their stories and experiences in their own words. Terkel's books, such as "Hard Times" and "The Good War," captured the essence of significant historical events through personal narratives. His approach emphasized the power of individual voices in shaping our understanding of the past.
  • George Plimpton played a pivotal role in the modern resurgence of oral history through his co-authored book "Edie: American Girl" about Edie Sedgwick. The book's success helped popularize the use of oral histories in American culture, showcasing the power of letting individuals tell their stories in their own words. Plimpton's approach to interviews as a literary form and his emphasis on presenting multiple perspectives contributed to the dynamic and engaging nature of oral history narratives. His work highlighted the value of personal testimonies in capturing the essence of historical events and individuals.
  • Oral histories are accounts of historical events or experiences conveyed through spoken narratives. They capture personal perspectives, emotions, and memories that may not be found in traditional written records. By preserving voices and stories, oral histories provide a diverse and nuanced understanding of the past. They off ...

Counterarguments

  • While Studs Terkel is celebrated for his oral histories, it's important to acknowledge that oral history as a method predates his work and has a long tradition in many cultures.
  • The resurgence of oral history cannot be solely attributed to George Plimpton's book on Edie Sedgwick; it was part of a broader trend in historiography that emphasized personal narratives and social history.
  • Oral histories, while offering multiple perspectives, can also be subject to biases and may not always provide a complete picture of historical events due to selective memory or the exclusion of certain voice ...

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The Rise and Fall of The Village Voice

Writers and critics from The Village Voice

The Village Voice has been home to a number of influential writers and critics, two of whom stand out for their work in the realms of investigative reporting and cultural criticism.

Wayne Barrett's foundational reporting on Donald Trump

Wayne Barrett provided pivotal investigative coverage of a young Donald Trump and his business dealings in the 1970s and '80s, long before Trump's ascent to the presidency. Barrett wrote early articles that scrutinized not only Donald but also his father Fred's real estate empire in the outer boroughs of New York City. Barrett was a pioneer, being the first to apply a rigorous investigative reporting approach to the activities of Donald Trump. His persistent efforts laid the groundwork for much of the subsequent reporting on Trump, with many biographies and investigations by other journalists building upon the foundation that Barrett created.

James Walcott as "critic's critic" with outstanding arts criticism

James Walcott has been recognized by his peers as the greatest critic to have come out of The Vill ...

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Writers and critics from The Village Voice

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Village Voice was a well-known alternative weekly newspaper based in New York City. It was renowned for its coverage of arts, culture, and politics, and it provided a platform for diverse voices and critical perspectives. The publication was influential in shaping cultural discourse and launching the careers of many notable writers and critics. The Village Voice ceased print publication in 2017 but continued as an online platform for some time.
  • Wayne Barrett's investigative reporting on Donald Trump in the 1970s and '80s focused on scrutinizing Trump's business dealings, particularly within his father Fred's real estate empire in New York City. Barrett's early articles were pioneering in their rigorous investigative approach to Trump's activities, laying the groundwork for future reporting on Trump by other journalists. His work provided a foundation for subsequent biographies and investigations into Trump's business practices and personal history.
  • Fred Trump was a prominent real estate developer in New York City and the father of Donald Trump. He built a substantial real estate empire primarily focused on middle-class housing in the outer boroughs of New York City. His business activities and success played a significant role in shaping the foundation of the Trump family's wealth and real estate ventures.
  • The term "critic's critic" is used to describe someone who is highly respected and admired by other critics in their field for their exceptional work and standards. It implies that this individual's critical insights and analyses are held in high regard by fellow critics, indicating a deep appre ...

Counterarguments

  • While Wayne Barrett was a pioneer in investigating Donald Trump, it could be argued that other reporters at the time also contributed significantly to the scrutiny of Trump's business practices, and their work should not be overlooked.
  • The claim that Barrett's work laid the groundwork for all subsequent reporting on Trump may be overstated, as investigative journalism is a collective effort with many journalists uncovering different aspects over time.
  • The title of "greatest critic" attributed to James Walcott is subjective and depends on personal taste and criteria for evaluating critics.
  • The notion that Walcott set a standard "perhaps unequalled" in his field could be seen as hyperbolic, as there have been many influential critics in the ar ...

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The Rise and Fall of The Village Voice

The Village Voice and the rise of punk rock criticism

The Village Voice played a crucial role in the ascendance of punk rock through incisive criticism and an embrace of the burgeoning scene. Garner reminisces about the pushy and brash covers of the publication, championing artists like Patti Smith and spotlighting venues central to punk's rise, such as CBGB.

Robert Christgau leading the critical charge

Although not explicitly mentioned in this chunk, Robert Christgau's influence as a critical force behind The Village Voice's music coverage is pivotal. He stands as a monumental figure in not only the publication but in rock criticism as a whole.

Served as early music editor in chief

As the second music editor following Richard Goldstein, Christgau's prose catered to a burgeoning audience that was eager for a new sound. Known as the "Dean of American Rock Critics," his pen wielded significant influence in the music industry.

Sharp, concise criticism brought attention to emerging punk/New Wave

Christgau’s legacy is marked by his rigorous and succinct critique of music, notably his letter grades for album reviews, which became a famous hallmark of his reviewing style. He was instrumen ...

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The Village Voice and the rise of punk rock criticism

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Village Voice played a crucial role in the rise of punk rock by providing incisive criticism and coverage of the emerging scene, championing artists like Patti Smith and highlighting key venues like CBGB. The publication, through writers like Robert Christgau, helped shape public perception of punk rock and other music genres, contributing to the movement's reception and evolution. Christgau's influence as a music critic at The Village Voice was pivotal in drawing attention to the emerging punk and New Wave genres, establishing the publication as a significant platform for music criticism during that era.
  • Robert Christgau is a prominent figure in rock criticism, known for his influential work at The Village Voice. He introduced letter grades for album reviews, a distinctive feature of his reviewing style. Christgau's sharp and concise critiques helped bring attention to emerging genres like punk and New Wave. His role as a music editor and critic contributed significantly to shaping public perception of rock music.
  • Robert Christgau's sharp and concise criticism, including his letter grades for album reviews, helped draw critical and public attention to the emerging punk and New Wave genres. His writing style, known for its directness and impact, resonated with the raw and unvarnished ethos of punk rock, making his reviews influential in shaping the reception and evolution of these musical movements. Christgau's role as a music editor at The Village Voice provided a platform for his influential critiques, contributing to the serious critical voice that the publication lent to the punk movement. Through his work, Christgau played a significant part in highlighting and promoting the music of artists associated with punk and New Wave, ultimately influencing their cultural significance and reception.
  • Christgau's letter grades for album reviews were a distinctive feature of his reviewing style, providing a quick and easily understandable assessment of an album's quality. These grades ranged from A+ (highest) to F (lowest), offering readers a clear and concise summary of his opinion on each album. The simplicity and co ...

Counterarguments

  • While The Village Voice was influential, it was not the only publication covering punk rock, and other magazines and critics also played significant roles in the genre's rise.
  • The focus on The Village Voice and Christgau may overshadow the contributions of local fanzines and smaller publications that were equally important in supporting punk rock at the grassroots level.
  • The emphasis on Christgau's influence might understate the collective impact of the entire music journalism community, including other writers at The Village Voice and beyond.
  • The assertion that Christgau's reviews matched the direct ethos of punk rock could be contested by those who believe that punk's anti-establishment stance is at odds with the very idea of a critic as an authority figure.
  • The claim that The Village Voice shaped public perception of multiple music genres could be seen as overstating its influence, considering the diverse array of media outlets and the complex nature of public taste.
  • The idea that Christgau's letter grades became a famous hallmark ...

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Listings and events as a cultural clearinghouse

The rise of the internet has led to significant changes in how listings and events are disseminated, affecting the traditional economic models of publications like The Village Voice and other alternative weeklies.

Classifieds, apartment rentals, job ads critical to economic model

Gilbert Cruz details that The Village Voice, in its heyday, brought in reliable revenue through classifieds and advertisement sections. These sections, filled with listings for bands, movie reviews, apartment rentals, and job ads, were not only a cornerstone of the Voice's content but also an essential part of their economic model. Classified ads, in particular, sold the most per line and were so voluminous that the paper often struggled to handle them.

Faded with tech innovations like Craigslist

However, the impact and necessity of the alt-weeklies' classifieds and listings faded with technological ...

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Listings and events as a cultural clearinghouse

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The economic model of publications like The Village Voice relied heavily on revenue from classified ads, apartment rentals, and job ads. These sections were not only integral to the content but also crucial for generating income. The classified ads, in particular, were a significant source of revenue due to their high sales volume. However, with the rise of online platforms like Craigslist, these traditional revenue streams declined, impacting the economic sustainability of such publications.
  • The Village Voice was a renowned alternative weekly newspaper in New York City known for its progressive journalism, cultural coverage, and classified ads. It played a significant role in shaping the city's cultural landscape and providing a platform for diverse voices and opinions. The paper's economic model heavily relied on revenue from classifieds, job ads, apartment rentals, and advertisements. The Village Voice's decline was partly attributed to the rise of online platforms like Craigslist, which impacted its traditional revenue streams and cultural influence.
  • Classified ads were a significant source of revenue for printed publications like The Village Voice. They were popular because they were cost-effective for advertisers and generated substantial income per line for the publication. The high volume of classified ads often posed logistical challenges for newspapers in terms of managing and publishing them. However, the rise of online platforms like Craigslist diminished the importance of classified ads in printed publications, leading to a decline in advertising revenue ...

Counterarguments

  • While the internet has changed dissemination methods, it could also be argued that it has expanded the reach of listings and events, potentially benefiting publications that adapt to digital platforms.
  • Some traditional economic models may have been affected, but others have found new revenue streams through digital subscriptions, sponsored content, and partnerships.
  • The importance of classifieds and other ads to The Village Voice's economic model might have been significant, but it's possible that a lack of diversification or innovation in revenue strategies also contributed to their financial challenges.
  • Although classified ads were profitable, the reliance on this single revenue stream may have made publications vulnerable to market changes.
  • Technological innovations like Craigslist have indeed led to a decline in print advertising revenue, but they have also democratized access to classifieds, potentially serving the community in different but still valuable ways.
  • Online platforms have taken over many functions of classifieds and listings, but niche and specialty publications have found success by cater ...

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