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Selects: Are crickets the future of food?

By iHeartPodcasts

Is consuming insects the solution to the severe environmental impact of animal agriculture? In this episode of Stuff You Should Know, Josh Clark and Chuck Bryant explore the potential of insects, specifically crickets, as an alternative protein source.

They debunk the notion that 80% of people globally eat insects, explaining it's actually around 30-35%. The podcasters dive into the environmental, economic and nutritional advantages of cricket farming over traditional livestock farming. You'll learn about the sustainability benefits of crickets and how a few US startups are working to mainstream this unconventional food source. From the low emissions and resource needs to the dense nutritional profile, crickets emerge as a promising approach to meeting global food demands.

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Selects: Are crickets the future of food?

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Selects: Are crickets the future of food?

1-Page Summary

Problems With Animal Agriculture

According to the podcast, animal agriculture contributes massively to environmental degradation through greenhouse gas emissions (51% of global emissions) and inefficient resource utilization. As Josh Clark and Chuck Bryant highlight, producing just 1 pound of beef requires 2,400 gallons of water, with only 40% of the cow being utilized.

Global Context of Entomophagy

Josh Clark corrects the misconception that 80% of people globally consume insects, stating the actual figure is 30-35%. He notes that the Western aversion to entomophagy (insect consumption) is a learned bias rather than innate, contrasting with other cultures where insects are common food sources.

The 2013 UN report "Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security" advocated for the nutritional, environmental, and economic benefits of using insects as an alternative to traditional livestock. As Clark mentions, this report catalyzed the establishment of commercial cricket farms in the US.

The Cricket Farming Industry in the US

Inspired by eating fried crickets in Thailand, entrepreneur Kevin Bachhuber pioneered US cricket farming, obtaining the first FDA approval to sell crickets as food. Currently, around 25 US startups aim to mainstream cricket farming, selling cricket-based products and home cricket kits to familiarize consumers. However, cricket flour remains costly at $35-$50 per pound due to labor-intensive farming practices.

Nutritional and Sustainability Benefits of Crickets

Crickets are nutrient-dense, providing protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals per 100 grams. As Clark and Bryant explain, crickets convert feed to biomass far more efficiently than livestock while requiring less space, food, water, and energy—making them a highly sustainable protein source with an 80% edible rate compared to cattle's 40%.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The figure stating that animal agriculture contributes 51% of global emissions is highly contested; some studies suggest a much lower contribution, around 14.5% according to the FAO.
  • The water usage for beef production can vary widely depending on the production system, and some argue that the 2,400 gallons per pound figure does not take into account water recycling or the water used for growing feed that can also be used for other purposes.
  • The aversion to entomophagy in Western cultures might not only be due to a learned bias but also due to cultural norms, food availability, and preferences that have evolved over time.
  • While the UN report promotes the benefits of edible insects, there may be challenges in scaling up production to meet global demand without also encountering some of the same sustainability issues faced by traditional livestock farming.
  • The cost of cricket flour might remain high not only due to labor-intensive farming practices but also because of the current niche market, lack of economies of scale, and potential regulatory hurdles.
  • While crickets are nutrient-dense, there may be cultural and psychological barriers that prevent widespread adoption of insects as a food source in certain regions, regardless of their sustainability and nutritional benefits.
  • The efficiency of crickets converting feed to biomass is impressive, but there may be concerns about the monoculture of crickets and the potential for disease, which could impact sustainability.
  • The edible rate of crickets compared to cattle does not account for the broader range of products derived from cattle, including leather, bone, and other by-products that are not typically consumed but are still utilized.

Actionables

  • You can explore insect-based recipes to incorporate more sustainable protein sources into your diet. Start by purchasing cricket flour or whole edible insects from specialty food stores or online retailers. Experiment with adding cricket flour to baked goods like cookies or bread, or try seasoned whole crickets as a snack. This small change in your diet can contribute to a larger shift towards environmentally friendly eating habits.
  • Create a water-saving challenge in your household to reduce the environmental impact of your food choices. Since producing beef is water-intensive, aim to have meatless days or swap beef for more water-efficient proteins like lentils, beans, or even cricket-based products. Track your water savings and share your experiences with friends or on social media to encourage others to consider their water usage in relation to food.
  • Support startups that focus on sustainable agriculture by purchasing their products and providing feedback. Look for companies that produce cricket-based foods or other sustainable alternatives and try their offerings. Your patronage helps these businesses grow, and your feedback can guide them in refining their products to appeal to a broader market, ultimately promoting the adoption of more sustainable food sources.

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Selects: Are crickets the future of food?

Problems With Animal Agriculture (Environmental Impact, Inefficiencies)

Animal agriculture is a major contributor to environmental degradation and inefficient resource use, with wide-ranging impacts including massive greenhouse gas emissions and water footprint.

Animal Agriculture Emits 51% of Global Greenhouse Gases

Astoundingly, 51 percent of the global greenhouse gases can be attributed to animal agriculture. This massive impact comes from various stages of meat production, ranging from methane emission by ruminants to the energy expended in processing and transporting meat.

Livestock, Especially Cattle, Demand Vast Water (2,400 Gallons/Pound of Meat) and Land, With Only 40% Utilization

In addition to greenhouse gases, animal agriculture places a heavy demand on water resources. To produce just one pound of beef, approximately 2,400 gallons of water are required. This water is used not only for the livestock themselves but also for irrigating the crops that feed them. Moreover, when considering that only about 40% of the cow is utilized for consumption, it becomes evident that a significant portion of this water usage goes to waste.

Meat Consumption Doubled In 30 Years As Rising Wealth in Developing Countries Strained Resources

The past few decades have seen a doubling in meat consumption, which can be linked to both the growing global population and increasing wealth in developing countries, where diets are rapidly shifting towards greater animal protein intake.

Surging Animal Protein Demand Fuels Resource Depletion and Pollution

This uptick in meat consumption is intertwined wit ...

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Problems With Animal Agriculture (Environmental Impact, Inefficiencies)

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The figure stating that animal agriculture is responsible for 51% of global greenhouse gas emissions is highly contested; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates it to be closer to 14.5%.
  • The water footprint of beef production varies widely depending on the production system, and the 2,400 gallons per pound figure may not represent all systems accurately.
  • The 40% utilization rate of cattle does not account for non-edible byproducts that are used in other industries, such as leather, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
  • Technological advancements and improved agricultural practices are continually reducing the environmental impact of livestock farming.
  • Meat consumption is a complex issue tied to cultural traditions and nutritional needs, not solely to wealth and status.
  • There are sustainable livestock management practices that can mitigate environmental impacts, such as rotational grazing, integrated crop-livestock systems, and agroforestry.
  • The loss of cropland to erosion and pollution is not solely due to animal agriculture but also to other forms of agriculture and land management practices.
  • Plant-based agriculture also has environmental impacts, such as pesticide and herbicide ...

Actionables

  • You can reduce your environmental footprint by adopting a flexitarian diet, which involves eating meat more sparingly and focusing on plant-based meals several times a week. This approach allows you to gradually decrease your reliance on animal products without the need for a drastic lifestyle change. For example, start by designating two days a week as meat-free and explore plant-based recipes that appeal to your taste preferences.
  • Start a kitchen garden to grow your own vegetables and herbs, even if it's just in small pots on a windowsill or balcony. This not only cuts down on the demand for cropland dedicated to livestock feed but also provides you with fresh, pesticide-free produce. Begin with easy-to-grow plants like tomatoes, lettuce, and basil, and use online resources or community workshops to learn the basics of home gardening.
  • Engage in wat ...

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Global Context of Entomophagy and 2013 UN Report

Josh Clark and Chuck Bryant delve into the practice of eating insects, known as entomophagy, and discuss a pivotal 2013 UN report that emphasizes the sustainability of insects as a food source.

Entomophagy Is Common, With 30-35% of People Globally Consuming Insects

Clark corrects a prevalent misconception by stating that about a third of the world's population regularly consumes insects, not 80% as is often claimed. He notes that in Western countries, the inclination is to view insects as pests rather than viable food options, a perspective influenced by the availability of domesticated animals for protein. The Western aversion to entomophagy is not innate, Clark explains, but rather a product of cultural conditioning. This implies that through cultural exchange and education, the bias against eating insects can be unlearned.

Westerners Often See Insects as Pests, Not Food, a Bias That Can Be Unlearned

Clark's discussion further reveals that Western perceptions of insects as pests instead of food stem from not having to rely on insects as a protein source due to other domesticated options. Hence, the disgust towards entomophagy is a learned emotion that, with greater awareness and cultural integration, could potentially be reversed, opening up new dietary possibilities.

2013 UN Report Highlights Insects As Sustainable Protein Source

Nutritional, Environmental, and Economic Benefits of Insects as Livestock Alternatives

Bryant refers to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's 2013 report "Edible Insects ...

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Global Context of Entomophagy and 2013 UN Report

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Cultural Acceptance and Dietary Preferences:
    • While the aversion to entomophagy in the West can be unlearned, it may not be widely accepted due to deep-rooted dietary preferences and cultural norms.
  • Nutritional Equivalence and Allergies:
    • Some people may question whether insects can provide the same range of nutrients as traditional livestock or may have concerns about potential allergens in insects.
  • Economic and Industrial Challenges:
    • The economic viability of scaling up insect farming to meet global protein demands may face challenges, including market acceptance, production costs, and competition with established livestock industries.
  • Environmental Impact:
    • While insects are touted as environmentally sustainable, the actual impact of large-scale insect farming on ecosystems, waste management, and greenhouse gas emissions requires further study.
  • Food Security and Accessibility:
    • Insects might not be the sole solution to global food security, as accessibility and affordability issues could persist for vulnerable populations even with increased insect farming.
  • Regulatory and Safety Standards:
    • There may be concerns about ...

Actionables

  • You can start incorporating insects into your diet by experimenting with cricket flour in your baking recipes. Cricket flour is a versatile ingredient that can be used to make protein-rich versions of familiar foods like pancakes, muffins, or protein bars. This approach allows you to gradually get used to the idea of eating insects by integrating them into well-known dishes.
  • Create a "Try Insects" challenge with friends or family to explore different insect-based dishes together. Each participant could prepare a different insect-based dish, such as mealworm tacos or chocolate-covered ants, and share their experiences. This social activity can help overcome the aversion to entomophagy by making it a fun and shared experience.
  • Opt for pet food pr ...

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Selects: Are crickets the future of food?

The Cricket Farming Industry in the Us

The cricket farming industry in the United States is gaining momentum as startups aim to introduce entomophagy—an age-old practice of consuming insects that is common in many parts of the world—to the American diet.

Entrepreneur Kevin Bachhuber Pioneers Us Cricket Farming, Inspired By Eating Fried Crickets In Thailand

Kevin Bachhuber’s journey into cricket farming started after an inspiring trip to Thailand in 2007, where he tasted deep-fried crickets. His experience led him to become one of the pioneers of cricket farming in the United States. After recognizing the potential of crickets as a sustainable protein source, Bachhuber took steps to establish a legal and commercial framework for the industry.

Bachhuber's Company First to Get Fda Ok to Sell Crickets as Food In Us

One of Bachhuber’s significant achievements was obtaining the first FDA approval to sell crickets as food in the US. This regulatory milestone allowed his company to introduce cricket-based food products into the US market, paving the way for other cricket farming startups to follow suit.

25 Us Startups Aim to Mainstream Cricket Farming

Chuck Bryant points out that crickets are seen as a promising entry point for entomophagy in the United States. As of now, there are approximately 25 startups in the country focused on cricket farming. Many of these startups are not only farming crickets at a commercial scale but also trying to get people comfortable with the idea by selling home cricket kits. These kits encourage individuals to grow crickets at home and consider incorporatin ...

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The Cricket Farming Industry in the Us

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Cricket farming may not be as sustainable as it seems if the energy inputs and environmental impacts of production, such as the carbon footprint of climate control and feed production, are not fully accounted for.
  • The high cost of cricket flour could limit its accessibility and adoption, making it a niche product rather than a mainstream food source.
  • Cultural acceptance of entomophagy in the US may be overestimated, and the aversion to eating insects could persist, hindering the growth of the cricket farming industry.
  • The nutritional benefits of crickets, while high in protein, may not be significantly superior to other more traditional and accepted protein sources, which could affect consumer adoption.
  • The scalability of cricket farming might face challenges as it grows, including potential issues with disease management, genetic diversity, and maintaining consistent quality.
  • The welfare of crickets in farming conditions could become a concern, especi ...

Actionables

  • You can explore the taste and nutritional benefits of crickets by incorporating cricket flour into your baking recipes. Start with something simple like cricket flour pancakes or cookies, substituting a portion of regular flour with cricket flour to gradually get accustomed to the taste and texture differences. This small step can help you understand the culinary potential of crickets and how they can be integrated into everyday diets.
  • Create a side hustle by crafting and selling cricket-based snack products at local farmers' markets or online. Develop unique snack recipes like cricket protein bars, roasted cricket trail mix, or cricket chips. This allows you to tap into the niche market of sustainable food enthusiasts and potentially create a new income stream while promoting environmentally friendly protein sources.
  • Engage with local community gardens or urban farming initiatives t ...

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Selects: Are crickets the future of food?

Nutritional and Sustainability Benefits of Crickets as Food

Josh Clark and Chuck Bryant delve into the nutritional value and eco-friendly advantages of consuming crickets compared to traditional livestock, backed by compelling evidence and statistics.

Crickets Provide Protein, Fats, Vitamins, and Minerals

Discussing the nutritional content of crickets, the hosts underline their high nutrient density. For 100 grams of crickets, one can get approximately 121 calories, 5.5 grams of carbs, 12.9 grams of protein, 75.8 milligrams of calcium, and 9.5 milligrams of iron. They remark that crickets offer a myriad of health benefits, featuring significant amounts of protein, healthy fats, zinc, iron, and calcium, making them a highly beneficial snack when prepared correctly.

Crickets Convert Feed To Biomass More Efficiently Than Livestock

Crickets: A More Sustainable and Eco-friendly Protein Source Than Meat

Clark and Bryant highlight the sustainability of cricket farming, noting that crickets are extremely efficient in converting feed into biomass. Indeed, crickets require only 1.7 kilograms of feed to produce one kilogram of live weight, compared to cattle, which may require up to 10 kilograms of feed for the same weight in beef. This efficiency is, in part, due to crickets being cold-blooded.

The hosts emphasize that crickets offer a substantial sustainability advantage over traditional livestock. They are 80% edible and digestible, surpassing the 40% edible rate of cows, which results in a nutrient-dense and less wasteful food source. Furthermore, they require less space, food, water, and energy, making them eco-friendlier.

Crickets thrive in small spaces and can be raised in structures referred to as "cricket high rises," consisting of egg cartons that create a conducive environment for growth. Their lifecycle is brief, with the entire farming process from egg to fully-grown cricket taking approximately seven weeks. Such a rapid turnover is well suited for efficient production, u ...

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Nutritional and Sustainability Benefits of Crickets as Food

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Crickets might not be culturally acceptable as a food source in many societies, which could limit their adoption despite their nutritional and environmental benefits.
  • The taste and texture of crickets may not appeal to everyone, which could be a significant barrier to replacing traditional protein sources.
  • There may be concerns about allergens and the potential for crickets to cause allergic reactions in some individuals, similar to shellfish allergies.
  • Scaling up cricket farming to meet global demand could lead to unforeseen environmental impacts that have not been fully studied yet.
  • The infrastructure for processing and distributing cricket-based food products is not as developed as for traditional livestock, which could hinder market penetration and consumer access.
  • There could be ethical concerns regarding the mass farming and harvesting of crickets, as with any form of animal farming.
  • The long-term health effects of consuming crickets as a primary protein source have not been extensively studied.
  • There may be ecological implications of removing large numbers of crickets from natural ...

Actionables

  • You can start incorporating cricket flour into your baking recipes to increase your protein intake and experiment with sustainable food sources. Begin with something simple like adding a spoonful of cricket flour to your pancake or cookie mix. This small step can help you get accustomed to the idea of eating insects and benefit from their nutrients without a significant change in taste or texture.
  • Create a mini cricket farm at home using a small container, like a plastic storage bin, to understand the farming process and its sustainability benefits. By providing a warm, humid environment and feeding them vegetable scraps, you can observe the life cycle and efficiency of crickets firsthand. This experience can deepen your appreciation for sustainable food sources and might even inspire you to advocate for insect-based diets within your community.
  • Host a "future food" dinner party where all di ...

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