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Harry Belafonte: The Real Deal

By iHeartPodcasts

In this episode of Stuff You Should Know, Chuck Bryant and Josh Clark explore the life and impact of activist and entertainer Harry Belafonte. They delve into Belafonte's immersion in Caribbean folk music, which he popularized in the 1950s with hits like "The Banana Boat Song." The hosts detail how Belafonte's stardom allowed him to challenge segregation and support the civil rights movement, using his Tonight Show appearances and connections with key figures like MLK, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Paul Robeson to raise awareness and aid activists.

Belafonte's principled stances often put him at odds with the entertainment industry as he refused roles that perpetuated stereotypes and insisted on promoting racial integration through his work. The episode examines his unyielding commitment to fighting injustice, even at the risk of his career.

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Harry Belafonte: The Real Deal

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Harry Belafonte: The Real Deal

1-Page Summary

Belafonte's Early Life and Artistic Development

Harry Belafonte was born in 1927 in Harlem to Caribbean parents. After World War II Navy service, Chuck Bryant and Josh Clark note, Belafonte was influenced by Caribbean folk music in Jamaica. Rejecting jazz and pop, Belafonte immersed himself in Caribbean folk, researching songs at the Library of Congress.

At the New School acting workshop, surrounded by future stars like Marlon Brando, Belafonte honed his craft. His captivating interpretations of folk songs led to his rapid 1950s rise to fame.

Rise To Fame and Impact As a Performer

Belafonte's 1956 album "Calypso" sold over 1 million copies, becoming a cultural phenomenon and making him a major star. The iconic "Banana Boat Song" embodied the Caribbean folk style he popularized.

In the 1940s, inspired by artists like Lead Belly, Belafonte fused calypso and American folk for a fresh, engaging sound. Despite some criticism from purists, his reinventions like "Jump in the Line" were hugely popular.

His success allowed Belafonte to challenge segregation and promote civil rights. Though facing racism even at his peak, he used his Tonight Show guest hosting stint in 1968 to feature activists and address key issues.

His Activism and Civil Rights Work

Paul Robeson inspired Belafonte to join the civil rights movement, using his fame to support leaders and organizations. He aided activists, organized the March on Washington, and raised awareness through media.

Belafonte smuggled funds for Freedom Riders, supported MLK's family, and brought guests like Bobby Kennedy on as Tonight Show host to discuss race. He also coordinated the 1986 "We Are The World" simulcast to highlight global issues.

Eleanor Roosevelt introduced Belafonte to African decolonization efforts, leading him to fight apartheid in South Africa as well as promote civil rights in America. His social commitment at times risked his entertainment career.

Principled Stances and Clashes With Entertainment Industry

Belafonte refused "Uncle Tom" roles that didn't authentically portray Black characters with nuance and dignity. While friend Sidney Poitier sometimes accepted such roles to advance civil rights in other ways, Belafonte insisted on maintaining his integrity.

As a result, Belafonte often clashed with studios and sponsors who pushed back on his promotion of racial integration and social change through integrated TV specials. Yet he remained unwavering in his commitment to fighting injustice.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore your heritage through music by creating a playlist that includes traditional songs from your family's country of origin, and share it with friends to celebrate and educate about your culture.
  • By curating a playlist, you can immerse yourself in the musical traditions of your ancestors, much like Belafonte did with Caribbean folk music. This can be a way to connect with your roots and also introduce others to the rich cultural heritage through a medium that's easily accessible and enjoyable.
  • Advocate for social issues using your social media platforms by regularly posting information and stories about causes you're passionate about, and engage with your followers by encouraging discussions and actions.
  • Social media gives you the power to reach a wide audience, similar to how Belafonte used his fame to promote civil rights. By sharing content related to social justice, you can raise awareness, influence public opinion, and potentially mobilize others to take action.
  • Reject stereotypes in media consumption by choosing to watch and support films, TV shows, and other media that portray diverse characters with depth and authenticity.
  • By being selective about the media you consume, you contribute to the demand for more nuanced and respectful representation of all people. This conscious choice supports creators who are committed to diversity and can lead to a broader cultural shift in how stories are told and characters are portrayed.

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Harry Belafonte: The Real Deal

Belafonte's Early Life and Artistic Development

Harold George Belafonte Jr., an iconic figure in entertainment and civil rights activism, has a rich background that laid the foundation for his impactful career.

Belafonte Was Born In 1927 In Harlem

Born in March of 1927 in Harlem, New York City, to Caribbean parents Harold and Melvene Belafonte, Harry spent his early years in an environment that was both culturally rich and deeply challenging.

Post-WWII Navy Service, Belafonte Pursues Acting and Caribbean-Influenced Folk Music

After serving in an all-black unit of the Navy during World War II and facing segregation, Belafonte developed a profound social awareness through literature like W.E.B. Du Bois's "The Souls of Black Folk" and his own childhood experiences in Jamaica. These experiences shaped his views and led to his activism.

Belafonte's musical journey was heavily influenced by his exposure to Caribbean folk music while in Jamaica. Rejecting the allure of jazz standards and pop music, despite being backed by notable musicians such as Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Miles Davis, he deeply immersed himself in Caribbean-influenced folk music, conscientiously researching folk songs at the Library of Congress.

Harry Belafonte Trained At New York's New School

Belafonte's quest for artistic development led him to the New School, where he enrolled in a legendary acting workshop.

Belafonte's Ca ...

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Belafonte's Early Life and Artistic Development

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore your heritage through music by creating a playlist that reflects the cultural sounds of your ancestors, similar to how Belafonte was influenced by Caribbean folk music. Start by researching traditional music from your family's country of origin, then curate a playlist that includes both historical and contemporary tracks that resonate with that culture. This can deepen your connection to your roots and inspire creativity in your own projects.
  • Develop social awareness by volunteering in a community that's different from your own, as Belafonte's experiences in Jamaica shaped his worldview. Look for local organizations that work with diverse communities and offer your time. Engaging with different social and cultural backgrounds can broaden your perspective and foster empathy.
  • Take a free online c ...

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Harry Belafonte: The Real Deal

Rise To Fame and Impact As a Performer

Harry Belafonte's influence as an artist not only reshaped the music industry but also left an indelible mark on the civil rights movement.

Belafonte's 1956 Album "Calypso" Sold Over 1 Million Copies, Making Him a Major American Star

Belafonte's seminal 1956 album "Calypso" became a cultural phenomenon by staying at number one for 38 weeks and becoming the first record in history to sell one million copies within its first year. The song "Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)" is a hallmark of the album, embodying the call-and-response style synonymous with Caribbean folk music that Belafonte popularized.

The album's success was not confined to the United States, as it also performed well in the UK. The single "Deo" alone sold a million copies. Chuck Bryant and Josh Clark underline the album's noteworthiness, as it catapulted Belafonte into stardom and allowed him to leverage his influence in both the musical and social arenas.

In the 1940s, Harry Belafonte found his artistic calling in the calypso folk music of the Caribbean after being inspired by performers like Lead Belly at New York City's legendary Village Vanguard during the nascent days of the folk music revival. His interpretations of this genre, fused with American folk inclinations, provided a fresh and engaging sound that resonated with a wide range of audiences.

Despite some criticisms from calypso purists, Belafonte's artistic collaborations, such as with Lord Burgess and playwright William Attaway, reinvented traditional songs for American listeners. His performances spanned from the Village Vanguard to Broadway and then to a wider audience through his appearance on an NBC show.

Belafonte's impact and the enduring popularity of his hits like "Banana Boat Song" and "Jump in the Line" are celebrated, as evidenced by their inclusion in pop culture, such as the movie "Beetlejuice." He's honored during Black History Month, highlighting his lasting impression as an entertainer and advocate for social change.

Belafonte's Success Broadened His Audience, Using His Platform to Challenge Segregation and Promote Rights

Harry Belafonte not only broke racial barriers with his art but also with his bold activism. In 1968, Johnny Carson invited him to host the Tonight Show for a week, which Belafonte used to feature prominent civil rights figures and address critical issues. This gesture underlines Belafonte's ded ...

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Rise To Fame and Impact As a Performer

Additional Materials

Actionables

- Explore the fusion of different musical genres by creating a playlist that combines songs from diverse cultural backgrounds, similar to how Belafonte blended Calypso with American folk. This can broaden your musical taste and appreciation for cultural diversity in music.

  • Use social media to highlight and share stories of artists who use their platform for activism, drawing inspiration from Belafonte's example. By doing this, you contribute to raising awareness about the intersection of art and social justice.
  • Educate yoursel ...

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Harry Belafonte: The Real Deal

His Activism and Civil Rights Work

Harry Belafonte's dedication to civil rights and activism is as notable as his entertainment career. The hosts commend Belafonte for his genuine and consistent character, which is deeply embedded in social justice efforts.

Inspired by Paul Robeson, Belafonte Joined the Civil Rights Movement, Using His Fame to Support Leaders and Organizations

Belafonte was radicalized even before the civil rights movement gained full momentum, largely due to his meeting with his idol Paul Robeson. This meeting had a profound influence on Belafonte, who admired Robeson for using his fame to highlight worldwide plights and protest for peace during the early Cold War era. Belafonte's transparency as an individual meant his private convictions were in line with his public persona.

Belafonte Aided Civil Rights Activists and Used Media to Raise Awareness

Belafonte's commitment to the movement was unequivocal. He aided civil rights activists, organized the March on Washington, and used his visibility to support causes, channeling Robeson's legacy. When downtrodden, Belafonte found renewed energy by remembering Robeson's example. His contributions included bailing out civil rights leaders, smuggling funds into Mississippi during the Freedom Rides, and supporting MLK's family financially.

Belafonte also used his platform as a host on the Tonight Show in 1968 to discuss race and bring progressive causes into the spotlight by inviting guests such as Bobby Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. Further, he worked to advance race relations on television, devoting more of his energy to activism both in the United States and internationally.

Harry Belafonte is also credited with coordinating efforts like getting radio stations around the world to simultaneously play "We Are The World" on March 28th, 1986, aiming to bring global attention to critical issues.

Bel ...

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His Activism and Civil Rights Work

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Harry Belafonte was deeply influenced by Paul Robeson, an influential figure in the civil rights movement. Robeson's use of his fame to advocate for social justice and protest during the Cold War era inspired Belafonte's own activism. Belafonte admired Robeson's dedication to highlighting global issues and saw him as a role model for using his platform for meaningful change. This influence led Belafonte to align his private convictions with his public persona, driving his commitment to civil rights causes.
  • The March on Washington was a historic event held in 1963 to advocate for civil and economic rights for African Americans. It featured speeches and performances, including Martin Luther King Jr.'s iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. Organized by Bayard Rustin and A. Philip Randolph, it brought together a diverse coalition of civil rights, labor, and religious groups. The march played a significant role in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
  • The Freedom Rides were a series of civil rights protests in the United States in 1961, where activists rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern states to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court rulings that declared segregated public buses unconstitutional. These activists faced violent opposition and arrests but brought national attention to the issue of segregation in public transportation. The Freedom Rides were a significant part of the Civil Rights Movement and contributed to the eventual desegregation of public transportation in the United States.
  • Harry Belafonte coordinated efforts to have radio stations worldwide play "We Are The World" simultaneously on March 28th, 1986. This initiative aimed to draw global attention to critical issues and raise awareness through the power of music. The song "We Are The World" was a charity single recorded by the supergroup USA for Africa to support humanitarian efforts in Africa. Belafonte's involvement in this coordination showcased his commitment to using his influence for social causes on a global scale.
  • Decolonization in Africa was a process where African countries gained independence from European colonial powers, marking the end of colonial rule and the establishment of sovereign states. This period, spanning from the m ...

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Harry Belafonte: The Real Deal

Principled Stances and Clashes With Entertainment Industry

Belafonte maintained a strong commitment to his identity and values throughout his career. He consistently refused to compromise his principles, even if it meant losing out on opportunities.

Belafonte Rejected Lucrative "Uncle Tom" Roles

Harry Belafonte consistently refused to accept roles which he described as "Uncle Tom" roles, a common type offered in Hollywood. Belafonte and his good friend Sidney Poitier, who also worked as a stagehand/janitor at the American Negro Theater, had different approaches toward advancing the cause for Black Americans in their careers. While Belafonte turned down certain roles for their lack of nuance or for not aligning with his truth as a Black actor, Poitier would sometimes accept these roles but implemented his own strategy for advancing the civil rights movement and maintaining his influence to do good work.

Principled Stance Opposed by Sidney Poitier's Approach

The podcast does not delve into the specifics of how Belafonte’s insistence on rejecting roles contrasted with Sidney Poitier's approaches. However, it does intimate that Poitier’s strategy involved accepting roles that Belafonte would not, using his stardom to influence the civil rights movement in other ways.

Belafonte's Commitment to Integrity Caused Conflicts With Studios and Sponsors

Belafonte's choices were driven by a commitment to principled decision-making. He was unwilling to portray Black people inauthentically and forced Hollywood to come to terms with his standards, either passing on roles or accepting them based on the willingness of filmmakers to depict Black characters with dignity and honesty.

Belafonte's Unwavering Commitment To Fig ...

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Principled Stances and Clashes With Entertainment Industry

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • "Uncle Tom" roles in Hollywood typically referred to stereotypical, subservient roles for Black actors, often portraying them as docile, obedient, and reinforcing negative racial stereotypes. These roles were criticized for perpetuating demeaning portrayals of Black characters, lacking depth, and failing to represent the full range of Black experiences. Actors like Harry Belafonte rejected such roles to challenge these harmful stereotypes and advocate for more authentic and empowering representations of Black individuals in the entertainment industry.
  • Belafonte faced challenges in the entertainment industry due to his refusal to compromise his principles. He encountered conflicts with studios and sponsors over his insistence on authentic portrayals of Black characters and racial integration in his work. Despite pushback, Belafonte remained steadfast in his commitment to fighting racial injustice and promoting social change through his career choices. His unwavering stance often led to struggles within the industry but also highlighted his dedication to his beliefs.
  • Belafonte faced pushback for feat ...

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