This episode of Stuff You Should Know examines the pivotal role Frances Perkins played in shaping the social safety net and workers' rights during the New Deal era. Born into a family committed to civic engagement, Perkins witnessed the devastating Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, fueling her passion for advocating better conditions for workers.
As Labor Secretary under Franklin D. Roosevelt, Perkins championed groundbreaking programs like Social Security and unemployment insurance. Overcoming skepticism as the first female Cabinet member, Perkins established sweeping labor reforms and cemented her significance as a catalyst for improving the lives of countless Americans.
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Frances Perkins came from a family deeply rooted in social consciousness. Chuck Bryant highlights how her upbringing instilled civic engagement, shaping her passion for aiding workers facing poor conditions.
Perkins witnessed the horrific Triangle fire, where 146 workers died. Deeply impacted, Perkins used her role on the NY Factory Investigating Commission to successfully champion safety reforms like fire escapes and exit signs.
As Labor Secretary, Perkins drove development of key New Deal programs. She chaired the committee that created Social Security just months after FDR proposed the idea, Bryant notes. Perkins also strongly advocated for unemployment insurance and the rights to unionize and collectively bargain.
Facing skepticism, Perkins became the first woman in a presidential cabinet under FDR. Despite initial pushback from unions, Bryant explains, she established sweeping labor reforms and served longer than any other cabinet member during Roosevelt's presidency.
1-Page Summary
Frances Perkins, a woman with familial roots deeply entrenched in social consciousness and advocacy, dedicated her life to social work and labor activism. Her journey reflects a legacy of battling for justice and improving the lives of workers in the United States.
Perkins hailed from a family that can trace its arrival in America back to the 1680s. Her ancestors were deeply involved in societal matters, having built an outpost during the French-Indian War. Moreover, her grandmother's cousin was a notable figure who founded Howard University and fought for the newly freed African Americans' rights. Growing up in such a family, Perkins herself was immersed in an environment rich in social awareness and civic engagement.
Perkins completed her education at Mount Holyoke College in 1902, majoring in chemistry and physics, though Chuck Bryant points out that her true passion lay in economics. Her interest in economics and social policy was sparked after attending a lecture by wage justice advocate Florence Kelly.
Following her graduation, Perkins made it her mission to aid those tormented by poor working conditions witnessed during her time with the Philadelphia Research and Protective Association. Her role there involved exposing employment agencies that manipulated and exploited immigrant women. Additionally, she bolstered her expertise by studying at th ...
Perkins' early life and career in social work and labor activism
Frances Perkins was a key figure in the movement for labor reform following the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, one of the deadliest industrial disasters in U.S. history.
On the day of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, 146 workers died, 123 of whom were women and girls. Frances Perkins was among the horrified eyewitnesses, observing the harrowing scene as 62 individuals jumped to their deaths to escape the blazing [restricted term]. This event had a profound impact on her, shaping her subsequent career and focus on labor reform.
Deeply affected by the tragedy, Perkins, who was already a part of the New York State Factory Investigating Commission at the time of the fire, became an indefatigable advocate for change. She recognized the urgent need for sweeping reforms to ensure such a disaster would never happen again and utilized her position to drive legislative action.
Following the fire, Perkins called for significant improvements in factory safety regulations and worker protections. She successfully lobbied for the adoption of safety measures that have since become standard, such as exit signs, occupan ...
Perkins' role in the aftermath of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire and the subsequent labor reforms she championed
Francis Perkins holds a monumental legacy as a key architect of the New Deal. Her relentless advocacy and policy-making skills were foundational in establishing critical social programs and advancing workers' rights under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's leadership.
Perkins was instrumental in the conception and implementation of the Social Security Act of 1935, a cornerstone of American social policy. She chaired a cabinet-level committee tasked with crafting a social insurance program, and under her guidance, they produced a comprehensive policy report within six months. President Roosevelt announced the Social Security program idea to Congress just two days after receiving this report. As a result, the Social Security Act was passed roughly seven months thereafter.
Even before Roosevelt ascended to the presidency, he had Perkins investigate the British unemployment insurance system. Her persistent case for an American counterpart prompted him to commit to an unemployment insurance plan. While Social Security was not initially on President Roosevelt's list of things to accomplish, Perkins' influence was pivotal in bringing the program to life. The federal Social Security program she contributed to organizing aimed to provide a uniform safety net, compared to the hodgepodge of state-level programs that existed at the time.
Beyond Social Security, Perkins played a crucial role in rejuvenating the labor movement at a national level. By the time she stepped down from her position, a staggering one-third of American workers were unionized — a testament to her efforts. The Wagner Act, which Perkins fervently backed, granted workers the unequivocal rights to unionize and bargain collectively.
In effectuating labor reform, Perkins delivered a staggering number of policy speeches in 1933 alone, promoting New Deal projects across the country. One notable event saw her deftly maneuver around opposition from ...
Perkins' influence in shaping New Deal policies and programs, particularly in the areas of unemployment insurance, Social Security, and workers' rights
Frances Perkins made history with her appointment as the first woman to serve in a U.S. Cabinet, overcoming skepticism to leave a lasting impact on American labor policy.
Frances Perkins, appointed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt as Secretary of Labor during the Great Depression, faced disbelief from a public unaccustomed to women in such high government roles. This skepticism was steeped in an era where women, like Perkins, who could not vote until she was 40, were gaining new footing in American democratic life having only secured the vote just over a decade earlier. Perkins had also faced pushback when appointed to New York State's Industrial Commission by Alfred E. Smith, making her not only the first woman to hold a state government position in the country but also the highest-paid woman in a government role at the time.
Despite initial resistance from labor unions due to her background in social work and policy rather than labor, Frances Perkins leveraged her expertise and political savvy to establish monumental policy changes and reforms. She became the longest-serving Secretary of Labor, continuing from Roosevelt into Truman's presidency, and was one of only two cabinet members serving throughout Roosevelt's entire tenure. Under her leadership, she achieved nearly all of her goals, with the notable exceptio ...
Perkins' trailblazing appointment as the first woman to serve in a U.S. Cabinet and her impact on that role
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