Podcasts > Stuff You Should Know > LIVE: Minneapolis - The Madd Gasser of Mattoon

LIVE: Minneapolis - The Madd Gasser of Mattoon

By iHeartPodcasts

In this episode, the Stuff You Should Know podcast delves into the baffling "Mad Gasser of Mattoon" case from 1944 Mattoon, Illinois. The hosts examine the reports of residents experiencing mysterious gas attacks that caused paralysis and other symptoms. They explore the debate around whether the attacks were real or a case of mass hysteria fueled by wartime anxiety and sensationalism.

The podcast also examines the suspicion surrounding local chemist Farley Llewellyn, including anecdotal theories that his knowledge and eccentricity made him a likely perpetrator. Ultimately, the episode leaves listeners to ponder the lingering questions and theories behind this strange series of events in a small American town during World War II.

Listen to the original

LIVE: Minneapolis - The Madd Gasser of Mattoon

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Nov 28, 2024 episode of the Stuff You Should Know

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.

LIVE: Minneapolis - The Madd Gasser of Mattoon

1-Page Summary

The Mysterious Gas Attacks

In 1944, the town of Mattoon, Illinois experienced a series of disturbing incidents involving a strange, sickly-sweet gas that caused paralysis and other distressing symptoms, according to the initial report from Aileen Kearney and her sister Martha Reedy.

Subsequent Reported Attacks

Over the following weeks, Sanger-Katz says, numerous other Mattoon residents came forward with similar accounts of being overcome by a noxious gas. The attacks occurred at different times and places but followed a consistent pattern of acute symptoms.

Interestingly, Sanger-Katz notes, some victims like the Spangler and Hendershot families had only one person affected while others in the same room remained unharmed, adding to the mystery.

The Authorities' Involvement

With limited resources, Barbaro explains, Mattoon's understaffed local police doubled their work shifts during wartime. Both state and federal agents, including the FBI, later joined the investigation into these bizarre events, which sparked minor mass hysteria in the town.

Mass Hysteria or Real Attacker?

Sanger-Katz outlines the debate around whether the "Mad Gasser" incidents were a real case of gas attacks or an instance of mass hysteria and delusion.

The Case for Mass Hysteria

Sanger-Katz cites the assessment by Johnson, published in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, which concluded the fear stemmed from Aileen Kearney's initial report and was inflamed by sensational local news coverage. Johnson pointed to factors like wartime anxiety and a lack of physical evidence as supporting mass hysteria.

The Case Against Mass Hysteria

However, Barbaro notes, Chuck Bryant and others suggest the presence of a real gas attacker based on evidence like a moist pink cloth, slashed window screen, and unique boot prints that were difficult to dismiss. Bryant highlights the substantial symptoms reported and the geographic and temporal dispersion of attacks as complicating the hysteria narrative.

The Speculation Around Farley Llewellyn

According to Sanger-Katz, Farley Llewellyn, a local chemist seen as an eccentric outsider, emerged as a suspect in the "Mad Gasser" case due to speculation around his capabilities and background.

Scott Maruno suggests Llewellyn's chemistry expertise meant he could have used nitromethane as the gas to target his neighbors. The podcast raises theories that Llewellyn attempted to blow up people's homes or that his family covered for him, but Barbaro cautions these are largely anecdotal accounts colored by prejudice against Llewellyn's sexuality.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The symptoms and effects of the gas could have been psychosomatic, with no actual gas present, as a result of the heightened wartime anxiety and stress.
  • The physical evidence such as the moist pink cloth, slashed window screen, and unique boot prints could have been unrelated to the reported gas attacks and coincidental in nature.
  • The geographic and temporal dispersion of attacks could be indicative of copycat incidents or independent events mistakenly linked together by an anxious community.
  • The targeting of specific individuals or families by a gas attacker could be statistically improbable given the random nature of the reported attacks.
  • The suspicion cast on Farley Llewellyn may have been driven by social biases rather than concrete evidence, and alternative explanations for his behavior and the materials found could exist.
  • The lack of a clear motive or consistent modus operandi could suggest that the events were not the work of a single individual.
  • The reliance on anecdotal accounts and speculation in the absence of definitive evidence could undermine the credibility of the claims regarding Llewellyn's involvement.

Actionables

  • You can enhance your critical thinking skills by analyzing local legends or mysterious events in your community. Start by researching historical records, newspaper archives, and speaking with long-time residents to gather information. Then, apply logical reasoning to assess the credibility of the reports, looking for patterns that might suggest a psychological phenomenon like mass hysteria or identifying potential evidence of actual events.
  • Improve your media literacy by examining how sensational news stories can influence public perception. Pick a current event that's receiving a lot of media attention and compare how different news outlets report on it. Note the language used, the facts highlighted, and any potential bias. This will help you understand the role media plays in shaping narratives and how it can contribute to public fear or misunderstanding.
  • Develop your problem-solving skills by creating hypothetical scenarios based on the "Mad Gasser" story. Imagine you're tasked with investigating a similar mysterious event. Outline the steps you would take to gather evidence, interview witnesses, and analyze data to come to a conclusion. This exercise can sharpen your ability to approach complex problems methodically and make informed decisions based on available information.

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
LIVE: Minneapolis - The Madd Gasser of Mattoon

The details and timeline of the suspected "Mad Gasser of Mattoon" gas attack incidents in 1944

In 1944, a series of mysterious gas attacks occurred in Mattoon, Illinois, causing widespread fear and drawing both local and federal investigators.

The initial incident at the Kearney household

The frightening series began on September 1, 1944, at the Kearney residence.

On September 1, 1944, Aileen Kearney and her sister Martha Reedy experienced a strange, sickly-sweet odor in their home, accompanied by paralysis and dryness in their mouths and throats.

This ordeal took place in the night, with the peculiar gardenia-like scent marking the incident. Aileen Kearney went to bed at 11 p.m. with her toddler daughter, Dorothy. As the odor intensified, Aileen began to lose control over her limbs. Both mother and daughter experienced distressing symptoms.

The local police were called but could not find the source of the odor or any evidence of an intruder.

Martha Reedy sought the help of a neighbor, Earl Robertson, followed by the police. During their searches, however, nothing was uncovered. Bert Kearney, Aileen's husband who was returning home around 1:30 a.m., spotted a suspicious figure that ran away when approached, but no evidence was found upon the police’s return.

Subsequent reported attacks

These eerie occurrences continued to happen throughout the community, with various Mattoon residents describing comparable terrifying moments.

Over the following days and weeks, a number of other Mattoon residents reported similar experiences of being overcome by a noxious gas and suffering from paralysis, nausea, and other symptoms.

After the Kearney incident was reported and labeled as the first encounter with the anesthetic prowler, other locals came forward with their accounts. For instance, Urban Rafe and his wife experienced the same phenomenon just the night before the Kearneys', and Patrice Ryder and her children reported illness, with the children vomiting from the attack.

The reported attacks occurred at different times and locations around Mattoon, but followed a similar pattern.

The gas attacks were not isolated to one area but occurred at various locales throughout Mattoon. The pattern was consistent: an inexplicable gas leading to a range of acute symptoms.

Some victims, like the Spangler and Hendershot families, had only one member affected whi ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

The details and timeline of the suspected "Mad Gasser of Mattoon" gas attack incidents in 1944

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can enhance your home security by installing motion-sensor lights and carbon monoxide detectors to alert you of unusual activity and potential gas leaks. This is a proactive step to ensure your safety, similar to how the residents of Mattoon might have benefited from early detection systems. For instance, placing motion-sensor lights around your property can deter intruders and alert you to unexpected movements, while carbon monoxide detectors can warn you of harmful gases that are odorless and colorless, unlike the mysterious gas in Mattoon but equally dangerous.
  • Develop a neighborhood watch program with your local community to improve collective vigilance and response to unusual events. By organizing regular meetings and establishing communication protocols, you can create a network of residents who look out for each other, much like the Mattoon community might have done to monitor for the "Mad Gasser." For example, you could use a group messaging app to share information about suspicious activities or set up a phone tree for rapid alerts.
  • Create a personal emergency response plan that includes steps to take in case of a perceived att ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
LIVE: Minneapolis - The Madd Gasser of Mattoon

The debate around whether the events were a genuine case of a gas attacker or mass hysteria/delusion

The mysterious events attributed to the "Mad Gasser" of Mattoon have sparked a debate on whether they were acts of a real assailant or the product of mass hysteria.

The case for mass hysteria

Johnson, who published his assessment in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, outlined a psychogenic origin. Johnson concluded that the widespread fear was seeded by Aileen Kearney's initial report and inflamed by sensational coverage in the local newspaper, read by almost the entire town, fostering belief in an anesthetic prowler.

Factors that contributed to heightened anxiety and paranoia

At the time, the town of Mattoon faced heightened anxiety as many men were absent due to the war, and a recent escape of a Nazi POW from an army base 150 miles away contributed to the paranoia.

The prominent role of the local newspaper

The impact of the local newspaper, particularly the Journal Gazette, was significant as it publicized the idea that a serial gasser was targeting victims, suggesting ongoing and future attacks.

The lack of physical evidence or a clear motive

Physical evidence such as chemicals were never isolated from the reported pink cloth, and the nature of the reported gas affected individuals inconsistently within the same environment, both call into question the presence of a tangible perpetrator.

The abrupt end to the reported incidents

The cases ceased abruptly when the police implemented strict consequences for those reporting attacks. Chief Cole announced potential hospitalization or jail time for claimants, which led to an immediate reduction in reports.

The case against mass hysteria

Despite the inclination to label the incidents as mass hysteria, some aspects presented by Chuck Bryant and others suggest the potential involvement of a true gas attacker.

Physical evidence that could not be easily explained away

Occurrences of a moist pink cloth, slashed window screen, and the presence of a unique boot print add layers of tangible mystery.

...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

The debate around whether the events were a genuine case of a gas attacker or mass hysteria/delusion

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The psychogenic origin theory may underestimate the complexity of human psychology and the potential for a real attacker to exploit a tense environment.
  • The role of the newspaper could be seen as a reflection of the community's concern rather than the cause of it, meaning that the publication might have been more of a response to public fear than its instigator.
  • The absence of physical evidence is not definitive proof against an attacker, as a clever perpetrator might have avoided leaving traces or used substances that were undetectable with the technology of the time.
  • The cessation of incidents following police threats could indicate that people were afraid to report genuine cases for fear of punishment, rather than proving the absence of an attacker.
  • The physical evidence that does exist, while not conclusive, suggests that there may have been some real incidents that got entangled with exaggerated or psychogenic responses.
  • The severe symptoms reported by victims could have been caused by an environmental factor unrelated to an attacker, such as industrial pollution, which was not properly investigated.
  • The dispersion of attacks could be coincidental or the result of a copycat effect, ...

Actionables

  • You can enhance your critical thinking skills by analyzing local news stories for evidence of sensationalism or bias, similar to how the local newspaper influenced public perception in the historical events discussed. Start by selecting a few current news articles and evaluate them for language that may incite unnecessary fear or anxiety. Discuss your findings with friends or family to see if they interpreted the stories in the same way.
  • Develop a better understanding of group psychology by starting a book club focused on psychological thrillers or historical mysteries. Choose books that explore themes of mass hysteria or collective behavior, and during discussions, draw parallels to real-life events. This will help you and your book club members recognize patterns of group influence and how they can affect individual perceptions.
  • Improve your personal research skills by investigating a loca ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
LIVE: Minneapolis - The Madd Gasser of Mattoon

The speculation around a possible suspect, Farley Llewellyn

The mysterious case of the "Mad Gasser" of Mattoon has seen its fair share of suspects and theories. Farley Llewellyn was one such suspect, and his background and the speculation around his possible involvement provide a captivating narrative entangled with limited evidence and local bias.

Llewellyn's background and reputation in the community

Llewellyn was a local man with a chemistry background who was seen as strange and an outsider in Mattoon.

Farley Llewellyn was a trained chemist and a college dropout from the University of Illinois. Considered tall with a slim athletic build, he was perceived as strange by the townsfolk, part of which may have been due to his sexuality. Being gay in a time and place where that was widely unacceptable contributed to his outsider status. Despite coming from a prominent and beloved family—his father was a revered grocer known for his kindness—Llewellyn was seen as an oddity in the community.

The case for Llewellyn being the "Mad Gasser"

Speculation about Llewellyn's potential involvement takes shape around his capabilities and circumstances. Scott Maruno suggests that nitromethane could account for the symptoms reported by victims, as well as its described sickly sweet odor. Llewellyn, viewed as a smart yet socially isolated chemist, could have leveraged his expertise in chemistry for vengeful actions against his neighbors. It's implied that Llewellyn possibly attempted to blow up people one bedroom at a time. This series of attacks may have stopped due to Llewellyn giving up or for other unknown reasons.

Timeline and possible cover-up by family

The narrative posits that the initial attacks might have been carried out by Llewellyn before he ceased his attempts. Subsequently, there's speculation that his older sisters might have perpetrated additional attacks to divert suspicion from him.

Furthermore, Llewellyn had set up a professional chemistry lab on his family’s property, which notably exploded about a week before the Mad Gasser incidents began. This event is entwined with the speculation around his potential as the main perpetrator.

Limitations of the ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

The speculation around a possible suspect, Farley Llewellyn

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The connection between Llewellyn's chemistry background and the attacks is speculative and not based on direct evidence.
  • Being perceived as strange due to sexuality does not equate to criminal behavior, and such assumptions could be considered discriminatory.
  • A prominent and beloved family background does not preclude or excuse a family member's involvement in criminal activities, nor does it automatically provide protection from suspicion.
  • The use of nitromethane or any other chemical in the attacks would require more evidence than mere capability or access.
  • The idea that Llewellyn's family might have covered up his involvement is speculative and lacks concrete evidence.
  • The explosion of Llewellyn's chemistry lab could be coincidental and not necessarily related to the Mad Gasser incidents.
  • Anecdotal evidence and bias can lead to wrongful accusations, and the reliability of such evidence is questionabl ...

Actionables

  • Explore local history to uncover untold stories by visiting your town's historical society or library archives, focusing on events or individuals that may have been misunderstood or misrepresented in the past. This can give you a deeper appreciation for the complexities of history and the importance of context in understanding events and people.
  • Foster inclusivity in your community by volunteering with organizations that support marginalized groups, which can help break down prejudices and biases that may exist. By actively participating in such groups, you contribute to creating a more welcoming environment for everyone, regardless of their background or identity.
  • Develop critical thinking skills by starting a ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free

Create Summaries for anything on the web

Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser

Shortform Extension CTA