In this episode, the Stuff You Should Know podcast delves into the baffling "Mad Gasser of Mattoon" case from 1944 Mattoon, Illinois. The hosts examine the reports of residents experiencing mysterious gas attacks that caused paralysis and other symptoms. They explore the debate around whether the attacks were real or a case of mass hysteria fueled by wartime anxiety and sensationalism.
The podcast also examines the suspicion surrounding local chemist Farley Llewellyn, including anecdotal theories that his knowledge and eccentricity made him a likely perpetrator. Ultimately, the episode leaves listeners to ponder the lingering questions and theories behind this strange series of events in a small American town during World War II.
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In 1944, the town of Mattoon, Illinois experienced a series of disturbing incidents involving a strange, sickly-sweet gas that caused paralysis and other distressing symptoms, according to the initial report from Aileen Kearney and her sister Martha Reedy.
Over the following weeks, Sanger-Katz says, numerous other Mattoon residents came forward with similar accounts of being overcome by a noxious gas. The attacks occurred at different times and places but followed a consistent pattern of acute symptoms.
Interestingly, Sanger-Katz notes, some victims like the Spangler and Hendershot families had only one person affected while others in the same room remained unharmed, adding to the mystery.
With limited resources, Barbaro explains, Mattoon's understaffed local police doubled their work shifts during wartime. Both state and federal agents, including the FBI, later joined the investigation into these bizarre events, which sparked minor mass hysteria in the town.
Sanger-Katz outlines the debate around whether the "Mad Gasser" incidents were a real case of gas attacks or an instance of mass hysteria and delusion.
Sanger-Katz cites the assessment by Johnson, published in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, which concluded the fear stemmed from Aileen Kearney's initial report and was inflamed by sensational local news coverage. Johnson pointed to factors like wartime anxiety and a lack of physical evidence as supporting mass hysteria.
However, Barbaro notes, Chuck Bryant and others suggest the presence of a real gas attacker based on evidence like a moist pink cloth, slashed window screen, and unique boot prints that were difficult to dismiss. Bryant highlights the substantial symptoms reported and the geographic and temporal dispersion of attacks as complicating the hysteria narrative.
According to Sanger-Katz, Farley Llewellyn, a local chemist seen as an eccentric outsider, emerged as a suspect in the "Mad Gasser" case due to speculation around his capabilities and background.
Scott Maruno suggests Llewellyn's chemistry expertise meant he could have used nitromethane as the gas to target his neighbors. The podcast raises theories that Llewellyn attempted to blow up people's homes or that his family covered for him, but Barbaro cautions these are largely anecdotal accounts colored by prejudice against Llewellyn's sexuality.
1-Page Summary
In 1944, a series of mysterious gas attacks occurred in Mattoon, Illinois, causing widespread fear and drawing both local and federal investigators.
The frightening series began on September 1, 1944, at the Kearney residence.
This ordeal took place in the night, with the peculiar gardenia-like scent marking the incident. Aileen Kearney went to bed at 11 p.m. with her toddler daughter, Dorothy. As the odor intensified, Aileen began to lose control over her limbs. Both mother and daughter experienced distressing symptoms.
Martha Reedy sought the help of a neighbor, Earl Robertson, followed by the police. During their searches, however, nothing was uncovered. Bert Kearney, Aileen's husband who was returning home around 1:30 a.m., spotted a suspicious figure that ran away when approached, but no evidence was found upon the police’s return.
These eerie occurrences continued to happen throughout the community, with various Mattoon residents describing comparable terrifying moments.
After the Kearney incident was reported and labeled as the first encounter with the anesthetic prowler, other locals came forward with their accounts. For instance, Urban Rafe and his wife experienced the same phenomenon just the night before the Kearneys', and Patrice Ryder and her children reported illness, with the children vomiting from the attack.
The gas attacks were not isolated to one area but occurred at various locales throughout Mattoon. The pattern was consistent: an inexplicable gas leading to a range of acute symptoms.
The details and timeline of the suspected "Mad Gasser of Mattoon" gas attack incidents in 1944
The mysterious events attributed to the "Mad Gasser" of Mattoon have sparked a debate on whether they were acts of a real assailant or the product of mass hysteria.
Johnson, who published his assessment in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, outlined a psychogenic origin. Johnson concluded that the widespread fear was seeded by Aileen Kearney's initial report and inflamed by sensational coverage in the local newspaper, read by almost the entire town, fostering belief in an anesthetic prowler.
At the time, the town of Mattoon faced heightened anxiety as many men were absent due to the war, and a recent escape of a Nazi POW from an army base 150 miles away contributed to the paranoia.
The impact of the local newspaper, particularly the Journal Gazette, was significant as it publicized the idea that a serial gasser was targeting victims, suggesting ongoing and future attacks.
Physical evidence such as chemicals were never isolated from the reported pink cloth, and the nature of the reported gas affected individuals inconsistently within the same environment, both call into question the presence of a tangible perpetrator.
The cases ceased abruptly when the police implemented strict consequences for those reporting attacks. Chief Cole announced potential hospitalization or jail time for claimants, which led to an immediate reduction in reports.
Despite the inclination to label the incidents as mass hysteria, some aspects presented by Chuck Bryant and others suggest the potential involvement of a true gas attacker.
Occurrences of a moist pink cloth, slashed window screen, and the presence of a unique boot print add layers of tangible mystery.
The debate around whether the events were a genuine case of a gas attacker or mass hysteria/delusion
The mysterious case of the "Mad Gasser" of Mattoon has seen its fair share of suspects and theories. Farley Llewellyn was one such suspect, and his background and the speculation around his possible involvement provide a captivating narrative entangled with limited evidence and local bias.
Farley Llewellyn was a trained chemist and a college dropout from the University of Illinois. Considered tall with a slim athletic build, he was perceived as strange by the townsfolk, part of which may have been due to his sexuality. Being gay in a time and place where that was widely unacceptable contributed to his outsider status. Despite coming from a prominent and beloved family—his father was a revered grocer known for his kindness—Llewellyn was seen as an oddity in the community.
Speculation about Llewellyn's potential involvement takes shape around his capabilities and circumstances. Scott Maruno suggests that nitromethane could account for the symptoms reported by victims, as well as its described sickly sweet odor. Llewellyn, viewed as a smart yet socially isolated chemist, could have leveraged his expertise in chemistry for vengeful actions against his neighbors. It's implied that Llewellyn possibly attempted to blow up people one bedroom at a time. This series of attacks may have stopped due to Llewellyn giving up or for other unknown reasons.
The narrative posits that the initial attacks might have been carried out by Llewellyn before he ceased his attempts. Subsequently, there's speculation that his older sisters might have perpetrated additional attacks to divert suspicion from him.
Furthermore, Llewellyn had set up a professional chemistry lab on his family’s property, which notably exploded about a week before the Mad Gasser incidents began. This event is entwined with the speculation around his potential as the main perpetrator.
The speculation around a possible suspect, Farley Llewellyn
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