This episode of Stuff You Should Know explores the origins and evolution of salsa, tracing its roots to ancient Mesoamerican cuisine. The rich history delves into the fusion of indigenous and European culinary traditions, revealing salsa's journey from ancient sauces to achieving mainstream popularity in the United States.
The podcast examines salsa's commercial rise in the 1980s and 1990s, fueled by marketing efforts like the memorable Pace Picante sauce jingle. It distinguishes salsa from related Mexican sauces, clarifying its distinct identity as a chunky, tomato-based condiment used liberally, unlike the concentrated heat of hot sauces.
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Bernardino de Sahagun documented the pre-Columbian use of tomato and chili pepper-based sauces in Tenochtitlan, indicating salsa's ancient Mesoamerican roots. The podcast notes salsa ingredients like tomatoes and chilies being cultivated by indigenous peoples for millennia.
While salsa's key ingredients initially faced European suspicion after the Columbian Exchange, it gradually gained acceptance. Antonio Latini provides the first known European "salsa" recipe in his writings.
As Mexican territories became US states, Mexican culinary influences blended with Anglo and European styles, birthing hybrid Tex-Mex and Cali-Mex cuisines. Early American "salsa" recipes in the 1920s-1930s included non-traditional ingredients like parsley and flour.
The podcast highlights how Mexican-American communities helped maintain authentic salsa traditions even as the dish adapted to American tastes.
Pace Picante sauce helped bring salsa to the mainstream by marketing a milder, tomato-forward version appealing to American palates. Founder David Pace aimed to make salsa "the Heinz of salsa."
Pace's memorable ad jingle in the 1980s-1990s associated salsa with American culture. The podcast singles out the "New York City..." line delivered by Ralph Bonzo Bear Stedman.
Salsa also benefited from the growing health consciousness, positioning itself as a fat-free, healthy condiment alternative.
The podcast clarifies key differences between salsa, mole, and hot sauce:
Mole, with potentially 15-30 ingredients, is smooth and used to coat proteins, while salsa is chunkier and used as a condiment.
Hot sauce is more heavily concentrated in heat, contains vinegar, and is used sparingly - unlike the liberal use of salsa, the podcast notes.
1-Page Summary
Salsa, the spicy and flavorful condiment we know today, has ancient roots in Mesoamerica, with a rich history that spans thousands of years before making its way to Europe during the age of exploration.
Bernardino de Sahagun documented various hot sauces and condiments in the food markets of Tenochtitlan, including those made with chilies and tomatoes, indicating their use long before European contact. The essential ingredients of salsa, such as tomatoes, chili peppers, and onions, were cultivated by Aztec and other indigenous cultures in Central and South America. Indeed, indigenous peoples had been making a version of salsa as far back as nine or ten thousand years ago.
Chuck Bryant discusses the Aztecs' traditional use of a molcajete, a tool still used today for grinding salsa ingredients, demonstrating salsa's deep cultural roots. Josh Clark confirms that tomatoes and chilies are indigenous to the Americas, which means that cultures such as the Aztecs were enjoying these ingredients well before Europeans arrived. The podcast also touches on Columbus's encounter with chilies, noting how he misidentified them as a type of black pepper due to their fieriness, indicating European unfamiliarity with these flavors.
The Columbian Exchange introduced Europeans to many New World foods, including chilies and ...
Origins and history of salsa in Mesoamerica and its spread to Europe
Salsa, a quintessential component of Mexican cuisine, underwent an American transformation as Mexican territories became part of the United States, leading to the creation of Tex-Mex and Cali-Mex cuisines.
Chuck Bryant comments on the diversification of Mexican restaurants in the United States, highlighting the move beyond Tex-Mex and Mexicali to more authentically regional Mexican offerings. The acquisition of territories that were formerly part of Mexico led to a culinary collision between Anglo or other European settlers and former Spanish settlers and indigenous people, birthing the hybrid cuisines known as Tex-Mex or Cali-Mex.
An illustration of this cultural blend can be seen in a 1934 LA Times recipe for "chili salsa," highlighted in an article titled "Delicacies from Mexico." The recipe uses parsley and flour, ingredients not typically found in traditional salsa, which underscores how the dish was Americanized to suit local tastes.
Salsa's introduction and evolution in the United States, including the influence of Tex-Mex and Cali-Mex cuisines
The salsa craze that took off in America during the 1980s and 1990s was driven by effective marketing strategies, as well as the growing health consciousness of the era and changing tastes.
David Pace, a Louisiana-born entrepreneur with a background in bottling molasses, introduced America to a milder version of salsa. He brilliantly adapted the traditional condiment into something more akin to a dip or appetizer to suit the American market. Pace aimed to make his brand the "Heinz of salsa," building a salsa empire that would dominate the shelves of supermarkets across the country. With a keen understanding of the American palate, Pace Picante sauce was carefully crafted to showcase tomatoes and decrease the heat, aligning with the more tempered American tastes of the time.
Pace's advertising campaign played a pivotal role in embedding salsa into the tapestry of American culture. The "earwormy" jingle from these ads still lingers in the collective memory of those who heard it. With catchy lines like "New York City" followed by a cowboy's threatening "get a rope," the advertisements became iconic. Actor Ralph Bonzo Bear Stedman delivered this famous line, which helped the ad campaign gain legendary status and run successfully for an astonishing 10 y ...
The rise of salsa's popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, driven by marketing, health trends, and changing American tastes
Josh Clark and Chuck Bryant unravel the complexities of Mexican sauces, clarifying the distinctions between salsa, mole, and hot sauce, which, while all may involve chili peppers, are unique in their characteristics and culinary uses.
The hosts discuss a variety of sauces that feature chili peppers as key ingredients but serve very different purposes in Mexican cuisine.
Mole, the hosts explain, stands out due to its complicated blend of possibly 15 to 30 ingredients, resulting in a pureed, velvety texture. The flavors of mole can vary widely, offering tangy, raisiny, or mushroomy profiles. It is commonly used to coat proteins in dishes, giving them a rich and complex taste profile.
In contrast, the hosts describe salsa as a straightforward condiment, typically chunkier than mole, that tops off food items like tacos or tostadas. They also differentiate salsa from salsa matcha, a type that i ...
Differentiating salsa from related Mexican sauces and condiments like mole and hot sauce
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