In 1899, poor working conditions pushed around 10,000 New York City newsboys into an organized strike against newspaper publishers' price hikes after the Spanish-American War. This two-week strike quickly spread nationwide as the newsboys, originally led by young workers like Dave Simons and Kid Blink, formed a union-like structure. The Stuff You Should Know podcast recounts how the newsboys' coordinated tactics, from boycotts to democratic leadership changes when facing bribery accusations, eventually compelled publishers to concede to their refund demands.
Revealing the public sympathy and widespread solidarity that fueled their success, the episode explores how this pivotal labor action paved the way for future newsboy strikes' influence. It also examines the newsboys' compelling story and its journey to becoming a Broadway musical hit decades later.
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In 1899, around 10,000 to 15,000 working-class child newsboys from marginalized communities in New York City, earning roughly 30 cents (around $11 today) per day, struggled to survive. When newspaper publishers raised bundle prices from 50 to 60 cents after the Spanish-American War, many already struggling newsboys saw their earnings cut further.
The newsboys rapidly organized themselves. Early leaders included 18-year-old Dave Simons and Kid Blink. As the strike progressed, adult leaders were elected, and a union-like structure formed.
However, accusations of leaders accepting bribes led to chaos and new democratic leadership. Simons and Blink denied taking money but resigned amidst skepticism. Different newsboy leaders like Morris Cohen and an executive committee emerged.
The strike quickly spread beyond NYC to cities across the Northeast like New Jersey and Connecticut. Newsboys in places like Nashville joined in solidarity.
Adult newsstand owners stopped selling targeted papers to support the newsboys. The public also began sympathizing with their cause, disrupting paper deliveries. Scab adult sellers failed to undermine the strike.
After around two weeks, publishers yielded to the newsboys' refund demand, resolving the strike. The newsboy union grew influential in future labor actions.
The strike inspired Disney's 1992 film Newsies. While initially unsuccessful, it later became a cult classic Broadway musical, capturing the narrative's power on stage.
1-Page Summary
The Newsies Strike of 1899 has its roots deep in the labor and economic struggles of working-class New York. Young newsboys who were primary breadwinners for their families banded together to fight against unfair pricing practices by large newspaper publishers.
Those at the heart of the Newsies Strike were predominantly working-class children, many of whom came from marginalized communities. These newsboys, some orphans or homeless, were fighting to survive on meager earnings. With around 10,000 to 15,000 children working as newsboys, they belonged to various groups, including Irish, Jewish, and Black communities, forming a mosaic representative of marginalized New York society brought together through their shared labor.
Newsboys earned roughly 30 cents a day, which is fairly minimal for survival in New York City. Their daily earnings in today's dollars would be about $11—an amount that illustrates their financial precarity. Faced with economic hardship, these young workers found themselves caught in broader labor struggles, including the trolley strike in Brooklyn and Manhattan. Their natural sympathy for the plight of the working class, perhaps seeing their own parents in the struggles, led many to actively participate in protests, sometimes throwing rocks at scab drivers.
The period saw a spike i ...
The historical context and background of the Newsies Strike of 1899
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The newsboys of the 1899 strike rapidly evolved from a disorganized group to a structured union-like entity with its unique tactics and leadership strategies. Leadership changed over time due to rumors and alleged corruption.
The initial leaders of the strike were an 18-year-old Jewish boxer named Dave Simons and an 18-year-old Italian-American with a disabled eye, known as "Kid Blink". These leaders exemplified the collective resilience of the young strikers. They held large rallies and patrols, swiftly organizing themselves to enforce the strike and prevent the sale of targeted newspapers.
Abraham Lipman, a newsstand owner, suggested the election of an adult leader to provide better direction for the newsboys. With the aim of advancing their cause, the newsboys elected James Neil, a 50-year-old man, as their president, and "Racetrack" Higgins took the role of vice president. They implemented a union-like structure, complete with badges and coordination with other labor organizations.
Dave Simon was elected as the first president of their nascent union. However, he stepped down amidst accusations of accepting a payoff to cease his involvement in the strike, a charge he denied by claiming he would continue to support the effort. Violence as a tactic was abandoned for more peaceful methods, with the distribution of flyers to raise public support.
Both Kid Blink and Dave Simon were accused of taking $400 each, an amount equivalent to over four years of their average income, as a bribe from the newspaper companies to end the strike. Both fervently denied these claims, with Simon challenging skeptics to search him and Kid Blink delivering an impa ...
The newsies' organization, tactics, and leadership during the strike
The newsboys' strike that began in New York City swiftly grew in momentum, radiating to other cities, while gaining the backing of adults and the public, significantly amplifying its impact.
Within days of the start, the protest spread beyond its birthplace as newsboys in other areas were moved to action. The strike quickly expanded to New Jersey, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, seeing parallel protests erupt. The fervor of these demonstrations even sparked sympathetic strikes in far-off cities such as Nashville, Tennessee; Lexington, Kentucky; and Cincinnati, Ohio, showcasing the widespread influence of the movement.
By quickly crossing state lines into neighboring regions, the influence of New York City's newsboys ignited a collective pushback in the Northeast against unfair treatment. The solidarity of the newsboys across these states created a powerful force that drew even more attention to their cause.
Adult allies, recognizing the justness of the newsboys' fight, provided critical reinforcement to the youngsters on the picket lines.
Adult newsstand owners were among those who chose to stand in unity with the newsboys, in some instances refusing to sell the major newspapers against which the boys were striking. Their involvement not only lent the movement additional gravity but also helped in better coordination of the protests.
The spread and growth of the strike to other cities and the involvement of adults and supporters
Following a tenacious showing from the newsboys, their strike resolved with a victory that impacted labor movements and eventually inspired major cultural productions.
After approximately two weeks of striking, the newspaper publishers yielded to the newsboys' demand, which allowed the boys to return unsold newspapers for a full refund, costing them 60 cents. This outcome marked a significant victory as it protected the newsboys from the financial burden of unsold papers. A major turning point was marked by a rally that saw significant numbers of newsboys gather at New Irving Hall.
The success of the strike did not just end with a resolution; it had lasting repercussions. The union formed by the newsboys during the strike gained momentum, growing in power and influence, and it played a supportive role in labor actions that followed.
Culturally, the Newsies strike inspired the Disney musical film "Newsies" in 1992, which featured a young Christian Bale playing the fictiona ...
The resolution and aftermath of the strike
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