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EXTRA! EXTRA! The Newsboy Strike Episode!

By iHeartPodcasts

In 1899, poor working conditions pushed around 10,000 New York City newsboys into an organized strike against newspaper publishers' price hikes after the Spanish-American War. This two-week strike quickly spread nationwide as the newsboys, originally led by young workers like Dave Simons and Kid Blink, formed a union-like structure. The Stuff You Should Know podcast recounts how the newsboys' coordinated tactics, from boycotts to democratic leadership changes when facing bribery accusations, eventually compelled publishers to concede to their refund demands.

Revealing the public sympathy and widespread solidarity that fueled their success, the episode explores how this pivotal labor action paved the way for future newsboy strikes' influence. It also examines the newsboys' compelling story and its journey to becoming a Broadway musical hit decades later.

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EXTRA! EXTRA! The Newsboy Strike Episode!

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EXTRA! EXTRA! The Newsboy Strike Episode!

1-Page Summary

The historical context and background of the Newsies Strike of 1899

In 1899, around 10,000 to 15,000 working-class child newsboys from marginalized communities in New York City, earning roughly 30 cents (around $11 today) per day, struggled to survive. When newspaper publishers raised bundle prices from 50 to 60 cents after the Spanish-American War, many already struggling newsboys saw their earnings cut further.

The newsies' organization, tactics, and leadership during the strike

The newsboys rapidly organized themselves. Early leaders included 18-year-old Dave Simons and Kid Blink. As the strike progressed, adult leaders were elected, and a union-like structure formed.

However, accusations of leaders accepting bribes led to chaos and new democratic leadership. Simons and Blink denied taking money but resigned amidst skepticism. Different newsboy leaders like Morris Cohen and an executive committee emerged.

The spread and growth of the strike to other cities and the involvement of adults and supporters

The strike quickly spread beyond NYC to cities across the Northeast like New Jersey and Connecticut. Newsboys in places like Nashville joined in solidarity.

Adult newsstand owners stopped selling targeted papers to support the newsboys. The public also began sympathizing with their cause, disrupting paper deliveries. Scab adult sellers failed to undermine the strike.

The resolution and aftermath of the strike

After around two weeks, publishers yielded to the newsboys' refund demand, resolving the strike. The newsboy union grew influential in future labor actions.

The strike inspired Disney's 1992 film Newsies. While initially unsuccessful, it later became a cult classic Broadway musical, capturing the narrative's power on stage.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore the power of collective bargaining by starting a discussion group with your coworkers to address common workplace concerns. By sharing experiences and identifying shared issues, you can develop a unified voice to approach management for changes, similar to how the newsboys organized to address their grievances.
  • Engage with your local community by supporting small businesses and local initiatives that align with your values. Just as the public supported the newsboys, you can impact your community by choosing where to spend your money and which causes to support, thereby promoting solidarity and ethical practices in your area.
  • Learn about the history of labor movements and their impact on current work conditions by reading books or watching documentaries on the subject. This will give you a deeper understanding of the struggles and victories of workers like the newsboys, helping you appreciate the rights and protections you may have in your own workplace.

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EXTRA! EXTRA! The Newsboy Strike Episode!

The historical context and background of the Newsies Strike of 1899

The Newsies Strike of 1899 has its roots deep in the labor and economic struggles of working-class New York. Young newsboys who were primary breadwinners for their families banded together to fight against unfair pricing practices by large newspaper publishers.

The economic and labor conditions facing newsboys in New York City at the time

Those at the heart of the Newsies Strike were predominantly working-class children, many of whom came from marginalized communities. These newsboys, some orphans or homeless, were fighting to survive on meager earnings. With around 10,000 to 15,000 children working as newsboys, they belonged to various groups, including Irish, Jewish, and Black communities, forming a mosaic representative of marginalized New York society brought together through their shared labor.

Newsboys were predominantly working-class children, many from marginalized social groups, who were struggling to survive

Newsboys earned roughly 30 cents a day, which is fairly minimal for survival in New York City. Their daily earnings in today's dollars would be about $11—an amount that illustrates their financial precarity. Faced with economic hardship, these young workers found themselves caught in broader labor struggles, including the trolley strike in Brooklyn and Manhattan. Their natural sympathy for the plight of the working class, perhaps seeing their own parents in the struggles, led many to actively participate in protests, sometimes throwing rocks at scab drivers.

The Spanish-American War had led newspaper publishers to increase the price they charged newsboys for newspaper bundles, further straining the newsboys' financial situation

The period saw a spike i ...

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The historical context and background of the Newsies Strike of 1899

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

...

Actionables

  • You can explore the value of collective bargaining by starting a discussion group at your workplace to address common concerns. Gather colleagues informally to talk about issues you all face, such as work conditions or pay, and brainstorm solutions together. This mirrors the solidarity of the newsboys and can lead to a unified approach to negotiations with management.
  • Engage with local history by researching and mapping historical labor movement sites in your city. Use online archives and local libraries to find out where significant labor events took place, then visit these sites to better understand the context and struggles of workers from the past, much like the newsboys.
  • Foster an appreciation for the impact of inflation and economic change by track ...

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EXTRA! EXTRA! The Newsboy Strike Episode!

The newsies' organization, tactics, and leadership during the strike

The newsboys of the 1899 strike rapidly evolved from a disorganized group to a structured union-like entity with its unique tactics and leadership strategies. Leadership changed over time due to rumors and alleged corruption.

The newsboys' initial organization and leadership

Early Leaders and Rallying

The initial leaders of the strike were an 18-year-old Jewish boxer named Dave Simons and an 18-year-old Italian-American with a disabled eye, known as "Kid Blink". These leaders exemplified the collective resilience of the young strikers. They held large rallies and patrols, swiftly organizing themselves to enforce the strike and prevent the sale of targeted newspapers.

The newsboys' evolving tactics and leadership

Moving Towards Organization with Adult Leadership

Abraham Lipman, a newsstand owner, suggested the election of an adult leader to provide better direction for the newsboys. With the aim of advancing their cause, the newsboys elected James Neil, a 50-year-old man, as their president, and "Racetrack" Higgins took the role of vice president. They implemented a union-like structure, complete with badges and coordination with other labor organizations.

Chaotic Leadership After Corruption Rumors

Dave Simon was elected as the first president of their nascent union. However, he stepped down amidst accusations of accepting a payoff to cease his involvement in the strike, a charge he denied by claiming he would continue to support the effort. Violence as a tactic was abandoned for more peaceful methods, with the distribution of flyers to raise public support.

Accusations and Resignations

Both Kid Blink and Dave Simon were accused of taking $400 each, an amount equivalent to over four years of their average income, as a bribe from the newspaper companies to end the strike. Both fervently denied these claims, with Simon challenging skeptics to search him and Kid Blink delivering an impa ...

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The newsies' organization, tactics, and leadership during the strike

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The rapid evolution of the newsboys into a structured union-like entity may not have been as smooth or as rapid as suggested, considering the chaotic periods and leadership changes.
  • The effectiveness of the leadership strategies and tactics could be questioned, given the eventual accusations of corruption and the need to shift tactics.
  • The suggestion that adult leadership would provide better direction could be challenged by the idea that the newsboys' unique situation and needs might have been better understood and represented by one of their own.
  • The election of James Neil and "Racetrack" Higgins might not have been the best choice for leadership, as it eventually led to further accusations of corruption and did not prevent the disorganization that followed.
  • The accusations of corruption against Dave Simon and Kid Blink could be seen as a tactic used by the newspapers to discredit the strike's leadership, rather than a reflection of the leaders' actual conduct.
  • The assumption that Kid Blink's new suit and money were proof of corruption could be questioned, as there could have been other explanations for his improved financia ...

Actionables

  • You can learn from historical leadership transitions by reflecting on your own experiences with team dynamics. Think about a time when you were part of a group that underwent a leadership change. Write down what worked and what didn't during this transition. Use these insights to create a personal guide for effective leadership in your current or future teams, focusing on transparency and accountability to avoid mistrust.
  • Enhance your problem-solving skills by adopting a democratic approach to decision-making in your daily life. Next time you face a decision that affects others, such as planning a family outing or a group project, encourage everyone to propose solutions. Vote on the best approach, ensuring that all voices are heard. This practice can help you develop a fair and inclusive mindset, which is valuable in both personal and professional settings.
  • Build public support for your persona ...

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EXTRA! EXTRA! The Newsboy Strike Episode!

The spread and growth of the strike to other cities and the involvement of adults and supporters

The newsboys' strike that began in New York City swiftly grew in momentum, radiating to other cities, while gaining the backing of adults and the public, significantly amplifying its impact.

The spread of the strike beyond New York City

Within days of the start, the protest spread beyond its birthplace as newsboys in other areas were moved to action. The strike quickly expanded to New Jersey, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, seeing parallel protests erupt. The fervor of these demonstrations even sparked sympathetic strikes in far-off cities such as Nashville, Tennessee; Lexington, Kentucky; and Cincinnati, Ohio, showcasing the widespread influence of the movement.

Within days, the newsboys' strike spread to other cities in the Northeast, including New Jersey, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, as the newsboys in those areas were inspired to join the protest.

By quickly crossing state lines into neighboring regions, the influence of New York City's newsboys ignited a collective pushback in the Northeast against unfair treatment. The solidarity of the newsboys across these states created a powerful force that drew even more attention to their cause.

The involvement of adults and other supporters

Adult allies, recognizing the justness of the newsboys' fight, provided critical reinforcement to the youngsters on the picket lines.

Adult newstand owners and other workers joined the strike, refusing to sell the targeted newspapers and helping to organize the neswboys more effectively.

Adult newsstand owners were among those who chose to stand in unity with the newsboys, in some instances refusing to sell the major newspapers against which the boys were striking. Their involvement not only lent the movement additional gravity but also helped in better coordination of the protests.

The public in New Fires York and beyond began to sygmpathize and the newsboys's and caus, with some even helping the children stand insecure strut forum newspaper froms the strizideringne ...

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The spread and growth of the strike to other cities and the involvement of adults and supporters

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The spread of the strike to other cities may not have been solely due to the inspiration from New York City; local conditions and grievances could have played a significant role in sparking protests in other locations.
  • The involvement of adults in the strike, while supportive, could also be seen as potentially overshadowing the agency and leadership of the newsboys themselves.
  • Sympathetic public sentiment is often more complex than it appears; some members of the public might have sympathized with the newsboys' plight but disagreed with their methods or had concerns about the broader implications for the newspaper industry.
  • The failure of "scabs" to replace the striking newsboys might not only reflect a lack of commitment but could also indicate intimidation or community pressure not to cross picket lines.
  • The support from women who traditionally sold newspa ...

Actionables

  • You can explore the power of collective action by starting a book club focused on historical and current social movements. By reading and discussing books like "The Boys Who Challenged Hitler" by Phillip Hoose or "They Can't Kill Us All" by Wesley Lowery, you'll gain insights into how grassroots movements start and spread, which can inform your understanding of collective action in your own community.
  • Engage with your local history by researching and mapping out past social movements in your area. Visit your local library or historical society to find information on strikes, protests, or other collective actions that have taken place. Create a visual map or timeline to share with friends or on social media, highlighting how these movements grew and the impact they had, which can inspire action or awareness in your own circles.
  • Foster community solidarity by volunteering with a local organization that supports worke ...

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EXTRA! EXTRA! The Newsboy Strike Episode!

The resolution and aftermath of the strike

Following a tenacious showing from the newsboys, their strike resolved with a victory that impacted labor movements and eventually inspired major cultural productions.

The eventual resolution of the strike

After approximately two weeks of striking, the newspaper publishers yielded to the newsboys' demand, which allowed the boys to return unsold newspapers for a full refund, costing them 60 cents. This outcome marked a significant victory as it protected the newsboys from the financial burden of unsold papers. A major turning point was marked by a rally that saw significant numbers of newsboys gather at New Irving Hall.

The lasting impact of the strike

The success of the strike did not just end with a resolution; it had lasting repercussions. The union formed by the newsboys during the strike gained momentum, growing in power and influence, and it played a supportive role in labor actions that followed.

Culturally, the Newsies strike inspired the Disney musical film "Newsies" in 1992, which featured a young Christian Bale playing the fictiona ...

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The resolution and aftermath of the strike

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The newsboys' strike of 1899 in New York City was a protest by newsboys against newspaper magnates like Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. The newsboys, mostly poor and working-class children, went on strike to protest a price increase in the newspapers they had to buy for resale. They demanded better working conditions and fairer terms, such as the ability to return unsold papers. The strike gained attention for its youthful participants' tenacity and eventually led to a significant victory for the newsboys.
  • The rally at New Irving Hall was a pivotal event during the newsboys' strike, where a large gathering of newsboys came together to show solidarity and strength in their cause. This gathering symbolized the unity and determination of the newsboys in their fight for fair treatment and rights. The rally served as a public demonstration of the newsboys' resolve and helped galvanize support for their demands. It was a key moment that showcased the collective power of the newsboys and put pressure on the newspaper publishers to meet their demands.
  • The union formed by the newsboys during the strike was a collective organization that represented the interests of the newsboys, advocating for better working conditions and fair treatment from newspaper publishers. This union gained strength and influence over time, playing a significant role in subsequent labor movements and actions. By uniting together, the newsboys were able to negotiate with more power and solidarity, leading to improved outcomes for their group. The formation of this union marked a pivotal moment in the history of labor rights and collective bargaining among young workers.
  • The Disney musical film "Newsies," released in 1992, was inspired by the real-life Newsboys' strike of 1899 in New York City. The film initially faced challenges at the box office but gained a dedicated following over time. It was later adapted ...

Counterarguments

  • The resolution of the strike may not have been a complete victory, as it's possible that the newsboys had to make concessions as well.
  • The impact of the union formed during the strike might be overstated; unions often face significant challenges in maintaining momentum and influence.
  • The cultural impact of the strike, while significant, may not be as widespread as the success of the musical suggests; the story may not be well-known outside of certain circles.
  • The initial failure of the film "Newsies" could be attributed to factors other than the actors' dance skills, such as marketing issues or competition from other films at the time.
  • The assertion that the narrative was better suited for the stage is subjective and could be debated; some may prefer the film version or argue that both adaptations have their merits.
  • The success of the Broadway adaptat ...

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