Podcasts > Stuff You Should Know > Short Stuff: Getting Winded

Short Stuff: Getting Winded

By iHeartPodcasts

The Stuff You Should Know podcast dives into the mechanics of getting winded and being unable to breathe after a forceful impact. The hosts explain how the diaphragm controls breathing and how getting struck in the abdomen area can disrupt this process. They clarify the common misconception that the solar plexus relates to breathing, when in fact it is merely located near the diaphragm.

The blurb also provides practical tips for helping someone regain their breath after the wind has been knocked out of them. These include raising the arms overhead, coaching slow and deep breaths, and reassuring the person that normal breathing will soon return. Overall, the episode demystifies the temporary, frightening experience of having the wind knocked out while offering useful advice for handling such situations.

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Short Stuff: Getting Winded

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Short Stuff: Getting Winded

1-Page Summary

Diaphragm Mechanism

The diaphragm is critical in breathing: when contracting, it flattens to pull air into the lungs; when expanding, it pushes against the lungs to exhale.

Breathing is typically involuntary, controlled by the nervous system.

Getting the Wind Knocked Out

When someone takes an impact, the diaphragm can spasm or be paralyzed temporarily, disrupting normal breathing. This expels all air from the lungs suddenly, leading to an intense panic response as inhalation becomes impossible.

Solar Plexus Misconception

Though located near the diaphragm, the solar plexus is not functionally related to it. This proximity causes a common misconception of relation.

Helping Someone With Wind Knocked Out

Raise Arms Overhead

Chuck recommends raising the arms above the head to expand the lungs and facilitate return of normal breathing. Arching the back and sticking out the chest also opens airways.

Breathe Slowly and Deeply

Advise slow, deep breaths: long inhalations through the mouth, short exhalations, and long exhalations. Chuck suggests sitting crouched, breathing in through the mouth while pushing the stomach out, then sucking it back in.

Relax and Know Breathing Will Return

Josh advises remaining calm, as normal breathing will return within seconds and be fully restored in minutes. Panic can exacerbate breathing difficulties, so explain this to the person to reassure them.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • When someone experiences a sudden impact to the abdomen or chest, like from a fall or a blow, it can cause the diaphragm muscle to spasm or temporarily lose its ability to contract and relax properly. This can disrupt the normal breathing process by expelling air from the lungs forcefully, making it difficult to inhale. The sudden expulsion of air can trigger a panic response due to the feeling of not being able to breathe properly. This condition is commonly known as "getting the wind knocked out" and can be alarming but typically resolves on its own once the diaphragm muscle relaxes and normal breathing resumes.
  • The solar plexus is a complex network of nerves located in the upper abdomen, behind the stomach. It plays a role in regulating various bodily functions but is not directly involved in the mechanical process of breathing controlled by the diaphragm. The proximity of the solar plexus to the diaphragm can lead to a common misconception that they are functionally related, but they serve distinct physiological purposes in the body.
  • The advice for slow, deep breaths with specific inhalation and exhalation instructions aims to help regulate breathing patterns during moments of distress. Slow, deep breaths can help calm the body and mind, while specific instructions like inhaling through the mouth and exhaling slowly can aid in maximizing oxygen intake and promoting relaxation. These techniques are commonly recommended in situations where breathing may be compromised, such as when experiencing the sensation of having the wind knocked out. Practicing controlled breathing techniques can assist in restoring normal breathing patterns and reducing feelings of panic or anxiety.

Counterarguments

  • The diaphragm does indeed contract to pull air into the lungs, but it is not solely responsible for pushing air out; the elastic recoil of the lungs and the relaxation of the diaphragm also play roles in exhalation.
  • While raising the arms overhead might help some people recover from having the wind knocked out of them, it may not be the best position for everyone, and other positions or techniques could be more effective depending on the individual and the situation.
  • The advice to breathe slowly and deeply with long inhalations and exhalations is generally sound, but in some cases, such as when a person is hyperventilating, it might be more appropriate to encourage them to increase the carbon dioxide levels in their blood by breathing into a paper bag or using pursed-lip breathing.
  • The recommendation to sit crouched while breathing in through the mouth and pushing the stomach out may not be suitable for everyone, especially for individuals with certain injuries or conditions that make this position uncomfortable or impractical.
  • While remaining calm is certainly beneficial when someone has had the wind knocked out of them, the assertion that normal breathing will return within seconds may not be accurate for all cases, as recovery time can vary based on the severity of the impact and the individual's response.
  • The solar plexus, while not directly involved in the mechanics of breathing, is part of a network of nerves that can affect the body's response to stress and injury, so its role should not be entirely dismissed in the context of impacts affecting breathing.

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Short Stuff: Getting Winded

Diaphragm mechanism

Understanding how the diaphragm functions is essential to comprehending both normal breathing and what occurs when someone gets the wind knocked out of them.

How breathing normally works

The diaphragm is critical in the process of respiration.

Diaphragm and lung expansion

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle and tendon located right underneath the lungs. It plays a crucial role in breathing: when it contracts, it flattens out, creating a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs. When the diaphragm expands, it pushes against the lungs, forcing air out.

Involuntary nervous system function

Breathing is typically an involuntary action controlled by the nervous system. It happens automatically, whether a person is at rest or engaged in physical activity.

Getting the wind knocked out

The phenomenon of getting winded is both uncomfortable and unsettling.

Diaphragm spasms or paralysis

When someone gets the wind knocked out of them, usually due to an impact, the diaphragm experiences a spasm or a temporary paralysis, which disrupts the normal breathing ...

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Diaphragm mechanism

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The diaphragm is a key muscle involved in breathing. When it contracts, it flattens out, creating a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs. Conversely, when it relaxes, it pushes against the lungs, helping to expel air. This muscle's movement is essential for the inhalation and exhalation processes during respiration.
  • When someone experiences getting the wind knocked out of them, it typically occurs due to a sudden impact to the abdomen or chest, such as a fall or a blow. This impact can cause the diaphragm, the muscle responsible for breathing, to spasm or temporarily paralyze, disrupting the normal breathing process. As a result, the individual may feel a sudden and intense inability to breathe properly, leading to a sensation of breathlessness and panic. This phenomenon is often temporary, with normal breathing usually resuming once the diaphragm recovers from the shock.
  • During diaphragm paralysis or spasms, the diaphragm muscle may contract involuntarily or become temporarily paralyzed. This can lead to a sudden expulsion of air from the lungs, leaving no air in reserve. The disruption in the normal breathing process can cause a feeling of breathlessness and panic due to the inability to inhale or exhale effectively. These physiological responses can ...

Counterarguments

  • The diaphragm is not the only muscle involved in breathing; the intercostal muscles between the ribs also play a significant role in expanding and contracting the thoracic cavity.
  • While the diaphragm does contract and flatten to create a vacuum, it's not solely responsible for lung expansion; the chest wall and pleural space also contribute to the mechanics of breathing.
  • The diaphragm does not push air out of the lungs; it relaxes and returns to its dome shape, while the elastic recoil of the lungs and the chest wall, along with the contraction of abdominal muscles, help expel air.
  • Breathing can also be a voluntary action, as we can control our breath when speaking, singing, or holding our breath.
  • Getting winded may not always lead to comple ...

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Short Stuff: Getting Winded

Solar plexus misconception

The solar plexus is often misunderstood in both its function and location.

Located near diaphragm but unrelated

A common misconception is that the solar plexus is directly related to the diaphragm because of its proximit ...

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Solar plexus misconception

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The solar plexus, a complex network of nerves located in the upper abdomen, is often misunderstood in terms of its function and proximity to the diaphragm. Despite its close proximity to the diaphragm, the solar plexus and the diaphragm do not have a direct functional relationship. The solar plexus plays a crucial role in the autonomic nervous system, regulating various bodily functions, such as digestion and stress responses. Understanding the distinct functions and locations of these anatomical structures can help clarify misconceptions about the solar plexus.
  • The solar plexus is a complex network of nerves located in the upper abdomen, while the diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs involved in breathing. Although they are in close proximity, ...

Counterarguments

...

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Short Stuff: Getting Winded

Helping someone with wind knocked out

When someone experiences the wind being knocked out of them, it's important to know how to assist in their recovery. Here's how you can help.

Raise arms overhead to expand lungs

Encourage the person to raise their arms above their head. This action helps to expand the lungs and can facilitate the return of normal breathing. They should also arch their back slightly and stick out their chest to help open up their airways.

If you are with someone who has had the wind knocked out of them, try to assist them in performing this action. You might need to guide their arms upwards or provide support as they adjust their posture.

Breathe slowly and deeply

Advise the individual to focus on their breathing, suggesting that they take deep breaths in through the mouth. They should aim for long inhalations, followed by short inhalations, and then long exhalations. Chuck recommends sitting up in a crouched position during this process, breathing in through the mouth, pushing the stomach out, and then sucking the stomach back in.

Relax and kno ...

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Helping someone with wind knocked out

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • When someone experiences the "wind being knocked out of them," it typically describes a sudden impact to the abdomen or chest, causing a temporary inability to breathe due to the force affecting the diaphragm and disrupting normal breathing patterns. This sensation can occur during activities like sports or accidents, leading to a momentary feeling of breathlessness and discomfort. It's important to assist the person in recovering their breath and ensuring they can resume normal breathing to avoid further distress.
  • The breathing techniques described involve deep breaths in through the mouth, focusing on long inhalations followed by short inhalations and then long exhalations. The ...

Counterarguments

  • Raising the arms overhead might not always be the best initial action for everyone, especially if the person has sustained an injury that makes arm movement painful or if they are in a state of panic.
  • While deep breathing is generally helpful, instructing someone to breathe in through the mouth might not be the best advice, as breathing through the nose can help to calm the nervous system more effectively.
  • The suggested breathing pattern of long inhalations followed by short inhalations and then long exhalations might be confusing for someone who is struggling to catch their breath; a simpler focus on steady, even breaths might be more beneficial.
  • Sitting up in a crouched position may not be comfortable or possible for all individuals, especially if they are feeling dizzy or lightheaded; lying down or sitting in a position that feels natural and safe for them might be a better alternative.
  • While it is important to remain calm, telling someone to relax might not be helpful in ...

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