Podcasts > Stuff You Should Know > Wireless Electricity: When Can We Unplug Our TVs? | STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW

Wireless Electricity: When Can We Unplug Our TVs? | STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW

By iHeartPodcasts

Dive into the electrifying world of wireless charging with "Stuff You Should Know" hosts Josh Clark and Chuck Bryant as they unravel the technological fabric behind contemporary wireless power solutions. In a detailed discourse, they focus on the Qi wireless charging standard and its advancements, revealing how it's reshaping the way we energize our devices. While comparing it to the traditional wired means, they highlight its promises and pitfalls—illustrating the convenience of charging different gadgets on a single platform and acknowledging the initial slower pace of power transfer which has since surged with innovations such as MagSafe. Listen as the duo illustrates how the simplicity of placing phones on a pad could signal the end of tangled cables and the onset of streamlined, user-friendly power delivery, including in the confines of your automobile.

Embarking further into the potential of powering up over distances, Clark and Bryant explore the daring strides from Heinrich Hertz's 1880s experiments to contemporary wireless energy transmission achievements. This comprehensive probe into the sector unveils how entities like NASA and cutting-edge corporations are pushing the envelope towards a wireless world, where homes, gadgets, and even electric vehicles could receive energy through thin air. They delve into the viability of wirelessly channeling renewable resources, envisioning a sustainable future energized through novel means. Amidst the technological breakthroughs, the hosts also address the pressing concerns surrounding electromagnetic radiation exposure, reassuring that health safety remains a paramount consideration in the evolution of this revolutionary power paradigm.

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Wireless Electricity: When Can We Unplug Our TVs? | STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW

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Wireless Electricity: When Can We Unplug Our TVs? | STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW

1-Page Summary

Wireless Charging for Consumer Electronics via Charging Pads

Josh Clark provides insight into wireless induction charging, particularly looking at the advances in the Qi wireless charging standard and its evolution into Qi 2.0. He compares traditional wired charging to this newer approach, addressing benefits and limitations. Clark explains that wireless charging, such as Qi 2.0, allows a variety of devices including Android and iPhones to charge on the same pad, offering convenience despite sometimes needing alignment adjustments. He acknowledges that past wireless charging methods have been slower than wired options, but with newer technologies like MagSafe, wireless charging speeds have increased, reaching power transfer rates similar to wired chargers. Chuck Bryant stresses the user-friendly aspect of wireless charging, with innovations like compact car chargers exemplifying this advantage.

New Technologies to Transfer Electricity over Greater Distances Wirelessly

Chuck Bryant and Josh Clark consider the progress being made in transferring electricity wirelessly across distances. From Heinrich Hertz's 1880s experiments to the Korean Space Agency's recent achievements, the journey towards wireless energy distribution has been continual. Researchers and companies like NASA and Ossia Inc. aim to extend this technology's reach, with applications envisioned for homes, devices, infrastructure, and electric vehicles. Efficiency and safety remain significant challenges, according to Clark. Innovations also target renewable energy distribution, where systems could remotely transfer wind energy to urban centers or draw solar energy from space, suggesting a future where energy is wirelessly available in more places and applications, offering sustainable solutions.

Safety Concerns Regarding Exposure to Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation

As wireless power technology becomes more prevalent, there are concerns about electromagnetic radiation exposure. However, current advancements are designed with human health in mind. Systems like the OCS charging are kept at safe levels comparable to microwave ovens, and they function by routing energy in ways that avoid direct human exposure. The waves are programmed to dodge people, powering devices without the need for penetrating human tissue. This passive operation targets only objects that need to be charged and stays off otherwise, combining energy efficiency with consideration for safety.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Qi wireless charging standard is a technology that enables devices to charge wirelessly through electromagnetic induction. Qi 2.0 is an updated version of this standard, introducing improvements such as faster charging speeds and better compatibility across various devices. It allows for more efficient and convenient wireless charging experiences for a wide range of consumer electronics. The evolution from Qi to Qi 2.0 signifies advancements in wireless charging technology to meet the growing demands of modern devices.
  • MagSafe technology in wireless charging is a feature introduced by Apple for its devices. It involves magnets integrated into the device and the charging pad to ensure proper alignment for efficient charging. This technology helps improve the charging experience by making it easier to connect the device to the charger without the need for precise alignment. MagSafe chargers can deliver faster charging speeds compared to traditional wireless chargers.
  • Ossia Inc. is a company focused on developing wireless power technology. They are actively involved in extending the reach of wireless energy distribution, aiming to enable the wireless charging of devices over greater distances without the need for physical contact. Ossia's innovations in this field contribute to the advancement of wireless power transmission for various applications, including powering devices, infrastructure, and electric vehicles. Their work aligns with the broader industry efforts to make wireless energy more accessible and efficient.
  • Exposure to electromagnetic radiation from wireless power technology raises safety concerns. However, modern systems are designed to operate at safe levels similar to household appliances like microwave ovens. These systems are engineered to direct energy away from direct human contact, ensuring that the radiation does not penetrate human tissue. By focusing energy transfer only on devices needing charging, these systems prioritize safety while maintaining efficiency.

Counterarguments

  • Qi wireless charging, while convenient, may still lag behind wired charging in terms of efficiency due to energy loss during transmission.
  • Wireless charging speeds, even with technologies like MagSafe, may not consistently match the fastest wired charging capabilities, especially as wired technology continues to advance.
  • User-friendly aspects such as compact car chargers must be weighed against the environmental impact of producing and disposing of wireless charging hardware.
  • Transferring electricity wirelessly over greater distances presents technical challenges that may not be fully resolved, potentially affecting the practicality and scalability of such systems.
  • The involvement of entities like NASA and Ossia Inc. in extending wireless energy distribution is promising, but commercial viability and widespread adoption are not guaranteed and depend on overcoming significant technical and economic hurdles.
  • While efficiency and safety are highlighted as challenges, the actual implementation of large-scale wireless power systems may reveal unforeseen issues that could impede progress.
  • The concept of distributing renewable energy wirelessly is innovative, but the feasibility and environmental impact of such systems need thorough evaluation compared to existing energy distribution methods.
  • Even though systems are designed to keep electromagnetic radiation exposure at safe levels, long-term health effects of new technologies are often not fully understood until after widespread adoption.
  • The design of wireless power systems to avoid direct human exposure and selectively charge devices is a safety feature, but it may also introduce complexity and limitations in how and where such systems can be deployed.

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Wireless Electricity: When Can We Unplug Our TVs? | STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW

Wireless Charging for Consumer Electronics via Charging Pads

Josh Clark explores the technology behind wireless induction charging, the evolution of the Qi standard, and how it compares to traditional, wired charging in terms of benefits and limitations.

Different induction charging technologies like Qi 2.0

Wireless induction charging operates on the principle of magnetic fields generating an electric current, which is received by a coil connected to a battery that gets recharged, as explained by Josh Clark. He contrasts the precise alignment required by devices like electric toothbrushes with resonant induction charging, which allows for more flexibility in positioning due to perfectly synchronized frequencies between the transmitter and receiver coils.

Clark highlights the Qi wireless charging standard developed by the Wireless Power Consortium and its advancements to Qi 2.0. Newer technologies, such as Apple's MagSafe, also utilize magnets to snap onto the back of the phone, aiding in the alignment process for Qi charging.

Benefits and limitations compared to plugging in to charge devices

Josh Clark notes that Qi 2.0 enhances the user experience by enabling different devices, including Android and iPhones, to use the same charger, emphasizing the convenience of simply placing a phone on a charging pad. However, he acknowledges that there may be the need for occasional adjustments to ensure proper alignment and charging.

Historically, wireless charging has lagged behind wired ...

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Wireless Charging for Consumer Electronics via Charging Pads

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Wireless induction charging works by using magnetic fields to create an electric current in a coil connected to a device's battery, allowing it to recharge wirelessly. The transmitter coil in the charging pad generates a magnetic field, which induces a current in the receiver coil in the device, enabling charging without physical connections. This technology eliminates the need for traditional wired charging cables by transferring power through electromagnetic fields. The alignment of the transmitter and receiver coils is crucial for efficient power transfer in wireless induction charging.
  • The Qi wireless charging standard, developed by the Wireless Power Consortium, is a widely adopted technology for wireless charging. Qi 2.0 represents advancements in this standard, introducing improvements such as enhanced compatibility and efficiency in wireless charging technology. These advancements aim to make wireless charging more convenient and accessible for a variety of devices. Qi 2.0 enables devices from different manufacturers to use the same charging pads, promoting a more standardized and user-friendly experience.
  • Wireless charging historically has been slower than wired charging due to limitat ...

Counterarguments

  • While wireless charging allows for more convenience, it can still be less energy-efficient than wired charging, leading to more energy waste.
  • The need for precise alignment, even with improvements like MagSafe, can still be seen as a drawback compared to the simplicity of plugging in a cable.
  • Qi 2.0's compatibility across different devices is beneficial, but it also means consumers may need to replace older charging pads with new ones to enjoy these benefits, contributing to electronic waste.
  • The claim that wireless charging offers ease and convenience over wired chargers does not account for the fact that a device must remain on the pad to charge, limiting its use during charging.
  • Power transfer rates of up to 20 watts for wireless charging are improving, but wired charging can still offer faster charging speeds, especially with technologies like USB Power Delivery.
  • The user-friendly design of wireless chargers is subjective, and some users may find wired chargers simpler or more reliable.
  • The advancement of wireless charging technology could potentially lead to more electronic components that are difficult to recycle, raising environmental conc ...

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Wireless Electricity: When Can We Unplug Our TVs? | STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW

New Technologies to Transfer Electricity over Greater Distances Wirelessly

As Chuck Bryant and Josh Clark discuss, there is a burgeoning field of technology focused on the wireless transmission of electricity over greater distances, pointing to a future where the reliance on cords and cables may be significantly reduced or even eliminated.

Transmitting electricity wirelessly via electromagnetic waves and laser beams

Techniques under development from companies and research organizations

Efforts to transfer electricity wirelessly have evolved over time, with Heinrich Hertz's demonstration in the 1880s of radio waves transmission and Tesla's early wireless power experiments, where he aimed to light bulbs from 25 miles away. Advancements continued through World War II with radar technologies, leading to William Brown's 1964 successful wireless powering of a helicopter-like device via microwaves.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab in 1975 managed to wirelessly transmit 35 kilowatts of power across 1.54 kilometers, setting a record only recently surpassed in 2024 by the Korean Space Agency with a three-tenths of a kilometer increase. Additionally, companies like Ossia Inc. with its COTA system, and research groups such as New Zealand's Emrod, are developing systems to facilitate energy transmission across rooms and between line-of-sight towers.

Key focus is improving efficiency and safety

Although wireless power transfer technology exists, it is currently inefficient and costly. Josh Clark particularly notes the inefficiencies at a distance, with significant energy loss in the conversion process. Some historical experiments, however, like the one by the Jet Propulsion Lab, achieved 49% efficiency over a mile. The main challenges for its consumer adoption are improving efficiency and safety, though protocols for common far-field wireless power transfer are in development.

Potential to power homes, devices, electric vehicles, and infrastructure in the future

Clark envisions a future where devices start to charge as soon as one enters a room, with applications potentially extending to homes, devices, electric vehicles, and infrastructure. Bryant suggests scenarios like electric vehicles charging through mats in garages, and ongoing research implies both the desire for and progress toward these possibilities. There's also excitement about the possibility of using this technology to power remote controls, blinds, and other home devices continuously, facilit ...

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New Technologies to Transfer Electricity over Greater Distances Wirelessly

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Heinrich Hertz's demonstration of radio waves transmission in the 1880s was a pivotal experiment that proved the existence of electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's theory. Hertz's work laid the foundation for the development of wireless communication technologies that we rely on today, such as radio, television, and wireless internet. By generating and detecting electromagnetic waves, Hertz showed that these waves could travel through space without the need for physical wires, leading to the birth of wireless communication. His experiments marked a significant milestone in the understanding and application of electromagnetic waves in modern technology.
  • Tesla's early wireless power experiments referred to his attempts to transmit electrical energy without the need for wires or cables. He envisioned a system where electricity could be transmitted through the air, similar to how information is sent through radio waves. Tesla's work laid the foundation for modern wireless power transmission technologies that are being developed today.
  • William C. Brown was a pioneer in the field of wireless power transmission. In 1964, he successfully demonstrated the wireless powering of a helicopter-like device using microwave technology. This achievement showcased the potential for transmitting electrical power without the need for physical wires, marking a significant milestone in the development of wireless power transfer technologies. Brown's work laid the foundation for further advancements in the field of wireless energy transmission.
  • NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab achieved a milestone in 1975 by wirelessly transmitting 35 kilowatts of power across 1.54 kilometers. This record was recently surpassed in 2024 by the Korean Space Agency, which managed to transmit power wirelessly over a greater distance, achieving a significant technological advancement in the field of wireless power transmission.
  • Ossia Inc. and Emrod are companies working on developing wireless energy transmission systems that aim to transmit electricity over distances without the need for physical cables. Their technologies utilize different methods, such as radio waves and laser beams, to transfer power efficiently and safely. These systems have the potential to revolutionize how energy is distributed and consumed, offering solutions for powering various devices, homes, electric vehicles, and infrastructure wirelessly. The focus of these companies is on improving the efficiency and practicality of wireless power transmission for widespread adoption in the future.
  • Far-field wireless power transfer protocols in development focus on establishing standards and guidelines for efficiently transmitting electricity wirelessly over longer distances, typically beyond a few meters. These protocols aim to address challenges such as energy loss, interference, and safety concerns associated with wireless power transmission. By defining best practices and technical specifications, these protocols seek to pave the way for widespread adoption of wireless power transfer technology in various applications, including powering homes, devices, electric vehicles, and infrastructure. The development of these protocols is crucial for en ...

Counterarguments

  • While wireless transmission of electricity is an exciting field, there are concerns about the potential health effects of long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields, especially at the power levels required for significant energy transfer.
  • The efficiency of wireless power transfer is currently lower than wired systems, which could lead to greater overall energy consumption and potentially offset the environmental benefits of using renewable energy sources.
  • The cost of implementing wireless power infrastructure on a large scale may be prohibitive, especially when compared to the relatively low cost of maintaining and expanding existing wired networks.
  • There may be technical challenges in ensuring that wireless power systems do not interfere with other wireless technologies, such as communication networks, which are also proliferating rapidly.
  • The idea of charging devices as soon as one enters a room is convenient, but it could lead to increased energy use as devices may charge when they don't need to, reducing the incentive for energy conservation.
  • The safety protocols for far-field wireless power transfer are still under development, and there may be unforeseen risks associated with new technologies that have not yet been fully tested in real-world environments.
  • The environmental impact of deploying new infrastructure for wireless energy transfer, including the production and disposal of new devices and materials, has not been fully assessed ...

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Wireless Electricity: When Can We Unplug Our TVs? | STUFF YOU SHOULD KNOW

Safety Concerns Regarding Exposure to Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation

Recent developments in wireless power technology have raised questions about the safety of exposure to electromagnetic radiation. However, innovators are taking steps to ensure these systems do not pose health risks.

Levels produced by new wireless power technologies do not pose risk to health

New wireless technologies such as the OCS system for charging are designed to be safe for human exposure. Chuck Bryant explains that these systems are deliberately set at levels that won't cause harm, akin to avoiding the risks associated with cooking in microwaves.

Energy levels bounce around occupied spaces instead of exposing people

The systems are engineered to bounce charging waves around the room, thereby avoiding direct exposure to humans. The charging waves effectively avoid penetrating the body, even dynamically adjusting paths to pow ...

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Safety Concerns Regarding Exposure to Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • In the context of wireless power technologies, the concept of energy levels bouncing around occupied spaces means that the charging waves are directed around a room rather than passing directly through people. This design helps prevent direct exposure of individuals to electromagnetic radiation while still effectively powering devices within the space. By bouncing the energy around, the system can reach its intended target, like a phone, without needing to pass through a person's body. This approach aims to balance the efficient delivery of power to devices with the safety of minimizing human exposure to electromagnetic fields.
  • When it's mentioned that charging waves avoid penetrating the body, it means that the wireless power technology is designed in a way that the electromagnetic waves used for charging devices do not pass through a person's body. This design ensures that the energy is directed towards the intended device for charging and does not interact with the human body. The technology is engineered to focus the energy transmission on the target device, such as a phone, without causing any harm to the person in the vicinity. This feature helps in maintaining safety standards and minimizing any potential health risks associated with exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
  • "Dynamically adjusting paths to power devices" means that the wireless power system can change the direction of the charging waves to reach the device that needs power. This capability allows the system to efficiently deliver power to devices without the waves having to pass through a person. The technology can adapt its transmission paths in real-time to avoid obstacles and ensure safe and effective charging. This feature helps optimize the energy transfer process and enhances the safety of the wireless charging system.
  • Prioritizing objects that need power means the wireless power system focuses on charging devices that require energy, like s ...

Counterarguments

  • The long-term effects of exposure to even low levels of electromagnetic radiation from new technologies are not fully understood, and caution should be exercised until more research is conducted.
  • Safety standards and regulations may not be keeping pace with the rapid development of new wireless power technologies, potentially leaving gaps in consumer protection.
  • The actual usage environment may differ from controlled testing conditions, and real-world scenarios could present unforeseen risks.
  • Individuals with medical devices such as pacemakers or other electronic implants might be at risk if the technology interferes with their operation.
  • There may be ecological or environmental impacts from widespread use of wireless power technologies that have not been thoroughly evaluated.
  • The claim that the systems are not continuously active could be misleading if the definition of "active" does ...

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