Dive into an exploration of life, death, and the wonders of physics with the dynamic team of Chuck Nice, Gary O'Reilly, and Neil deGrasse Tyson, complemented by guest insights from Sway Calloway, J.B. Smoove, and Rob Reiner on the StarTalk Radio podcast. This episode invites listeners to ponder the scientific principles that govern everything from our final fate to the flights we take across the skies.
Neil deGrasse Tyson captivates with explanations ranging from the afterlife of atoms and the generation of lift by aircraft wings, to the possibility of rainbows existing beyond Earth. Whether discussing the transformation of human remains into energy that traverses the cosmos or breaking down the aerodynamics that allow airplanes to soar – each topic is presented with the flair and educational prowess that StarTalk listeners have come to appreciate. Meanwhile, the musings on extraterrestrial rainbows offer a perspective that marries science with poetic imagination, showcasing the endless allure of the cosmos.
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Neil deGrasse Tyson elucidates the scientific perspective on what transpires to our physical remains post-mortem. The transformation of our atoms and molecules is a key concept, with no true exit from the universe but a perpetual state of change. For those who choose cremation, the body's molecular energy is liberated into the atmosphere as heat and ultimately radiates as infrared photons into space at light speed. Alternatively, burial acts as sustenance for flora and fauna, completing the life cycle, as Tyson personally prefers. Biodegradable caskets with embedded seeds can further nurture the Earth through transformation into compost. Cremation results in the release of energy into the atmosphere, where it continues the cosmic energy cycle, despite the ashes retaining no energy after the process.
Neil deGrasse Tyson breaks down the physics behind lift generation by wings, guided by aerodynamics principles. The wings, structured with an upward angle, leverage the Bernoulli effect to create lift—the airflow over the wing travels faster compared to air beneath, generating lower pressure above the wing which translates to lift. Tyson employs a paper-and-breath experiment to demonstrate this. He also discusses the role of wing flaps, which extend during takeoff and landing to enhance lift in lower speeds. Additionally, the nose of an airplane tilts upward for takeoff, affirming that the wing's angle of attack is crucial for generating the necessary lift, exemplified by jets such as the Concorde.
Tyson spins a narrative about the beauty of rainbows, explaining their creation through the refraction and dispersion of sunlight in raindrops, revealing separate colors as light exits. He extends the concept, proposing that rainbows could form anywhere in the universe given Earth-like conditions, potentially in atmospheres with transparent liquids such as methane or ammonia. He also shares that from an aerial perspective, rainbows appear as full circles rather than the arches perceived from the ground, due to the viewer’s position relative to the raindrops.
1-Page Summary
Neil deGrasse Tyson provides a scientific perspective on what happens to our physical form after death, emphasizing that nothing truly exits the universe but merely transforms.
Tyson explains that our atoms and molecules, which are not lost, transform after we die. For example, if you choose cremation, your body's molecules, which contain energy, will release that energy as they burn. This energy heats the air, which then enters the atmosphere. Eventually, it radiates infrared photons into space at the speed of light.
Preferring to be buried himself, Tyson explains how being buried allows flora and fauna to dine upon his body. This natural process completes the circle of life. Tyson also references biodegradable caskets that come with seeds embedded. These caskets are meant to decompose, allowing the body to be consumed and transformed into compost, further nurturing the earth.
What happens after we die, according to science
Understanding the physics of how wings generate lift is crucial for realizing the marvel of flight. Neil deGrasse Tyson explains this phenomenon using principles of aerodynamics and examples of various aircraft.
The wings of an airplane, such as the horizontally parked planes, are constructed with an inherent upward angle. Tyson explains that the creation of lift is a result of the Bernoulli effect, a principle where the airflow splitting at the wing's edge causes air traveling over the curved top to move faster than the air underneath.
More specifically, as the air divides, encountering a wing, the path it takes over the curved upper surface is longer than the path underneath. This difference requires the air on top to travel faster to meet the slower moving air below at the trailing edge of the wing. According to the Bernoulli effect, the faster-moving air above the wing generates lower pressure than beneath the wing. Tyson demonstrates this with a simple paper-and-breath experiment: by blowing across the top of a paper strip, the faster air induces the bottom part to lift, showing how less pressure on top results in an upward force—lift.
During the critical phases of takeoff and landing, when the airplane speeds are lower, extra lift is needed. Tyson notes that the wings extend their flaps during these stages to increase surface area and therefore, lift. He encourages observers to watch this transformation on an aircraft as it prepares ...
Physics of wings generating lift for flight
Neil deGrasse Tyson engages our curiosity by explaining the celestial phenomena of rainbows and how they could manifest beyond our planet.
Tyson illustrates that a rainbow’s creation is the result of sunlight being refracted, or bent, when it enters a raindrop, and the subsequent separation of colors as light leaves the raindrop. This is because different colors of light travel at varying speeds in the medium, causing them to spread apart and form the spectrum we see. Under the right conditions, with a wall of raindrops and the sun behind the observer at a proper angle, a rainbow becomes visible.
Further extending this captivating natural event beyond our own skies, Tyson speculates about the universality of rainbows. He suggests that anywhere in the universe, assuming the conditions mimic those on Earth—such as having rain or another transparent liquid in the sky—a rainbow can manifest. This includes the potential for rainbows to occur in ...
Rainbows across the universe
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