In this episode of Rotten Mango, Margot Sanger-Katz and Michael Barbaro examine the alarming rise of deepfake pornography targeting women and minors in South Korea. They reveal the harrowing scale of the Telegram chat room ecosystem, where thousands of users—including young students—create and share non-consensual deepfakes of classmates, friends, and family.
The blurb delves into the devastating impact on victims and the systemic failures enabling these crimes. Perpetrators, who view deepfake creation as mere "entertainment," face little legal deterrence, often receiving only probation or suspended sentences. Law enforcement struggles to combat secure platforms like Telegram, and some officials adopt dismissive attitudes toward victims, further compounding the issue.
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In South Korea, there is growing alarm over thousands of Telegram chat rooms producing and sharing non-consensual deepfake pornography, often targeting women and minors. According to Sanger-Katz and Barbaro, the scale of this problem is staggering:
To access the deepfake chat rooms, users must provide extensive personal details and photos of their victims, including classmates, friends, and family members. The rooms extend across over 400 schools and universities, with over 70 individual rooms tied to one channel alone, Sanger-Katz reports.
Many of the perpetrators are students themselves, some as young as middle schoolers, who view creating and sharing deepfakes of their peers and teachers as a form of "entertainment" or "prank." They go to extreme lengths like secret recordings and physical assaults to obtain source material.
Sanger-Katz describes victims experiencing intense trauma, panic, and a profound loss of trust upon discovering deepfakes of themselves. They feel disgusted with their bodies and paranoid about who has seen the content, sometimes being forced to cut ties with trusted individuals like family members involved in the crimes. Victims fear long-term consequences like ruined job prospects and physical harm if recognized. Many feel compelled to delete all online presence to avoid further exploitation.
Despite the severity, the legal system provides little deterrence, often giving perpetrators mere probation or suspended sentences, Barbaro and Sanger-Katz find. Law enforcement claims to be powerless against secure platforms like Telegram. Some officials express concerns about overregulating deepfakes or even imply that victims are partially responsible, further enabling dismissive attitudes.
1-Page Summary
In light of a pervasive crisis in South Korea, growing alarm is spreading over the mass production and sharing of non-consensual deepfake pornography, with a disconcerting number of cases involving women and minors.
The controversy intensified with the revelation that over 400 schools had related Telegram chat rooms. This network of perpetrators demanded users submit personal information and images of individuals they know—including classmates, friends, and family members—to be manipulated into pornographic deepfake videos.
To access these chat rooms, users had to provide extensive personal details and photos of their victims. Facts required could include name, date of birth, occupation, school, grade, age, Instagram handle, phone number, and even home addresses.
Affected institutions list includes dozens of middle schools, high schools, and even top universities. Over 70 individual chat rooms were identified within one Telegram channel, each corresponding to different universities or schools.
Many perpetrators are students, some as young as middle schoolers, who aim at their own classmates and teachers. The casual nature of their conversations in the threads reveals a disturbing attitude toward creating and distributing these images.
Reports have surfaced of middle school students deepfaking their peers and of a middle school boy who produced deepfake content of 12 female classmates and two teachers.
The lengths to which perpetrators will go to create this content are alarming; cases of secret recordings and obtaining personal photographs are common. Some have gone as far as committing physical assaults to garner material for their deepfakes.
The epidemic’s reach extends to a range of victims, from schoolchildren to professional adults such as lawyers and teachers. The deep fakes have been used to create videos that depict individuals in sexually compromising and abusive situations. For instance, Stephanie Soo brought up a case of a woman who became a lawyer, only to discover her images shared in a group chat from her law school days, implicating someone within her professional circle.
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The epidemic of deepfake and non-consensual explicit content in South Korea, particularly targeting women and minors
The rise of deepfake technology has brought about an undercurrent of psychological trauma and societal disruption, particularly for female victims. Their lived experiences depict an alarming picture of the repercussions deepfakes have on individuals' sense of security and their trust in the social framework.
Women in Korea express a feeling akin to 'social collapse,' which speaks volumes about the impact on their sense of security. The distribution of these deepfakes—often through numerous chat rooms—promotes this distrust, potentially affecting victims' employment opportunities and exposing them to physical harm.
Both students and teachers have found themselves embroiled in deepfake scandals. A high schooler was horrified by explicit deepfake photos of herself that appeared authentic, and a teacher discovered deepfake material of herself being disseminated by her students. This sense of betrayal, particularly when those involved were trusted individuals such as students or, in one horrific instance, a victim's brother, disrupts the foundational sense of safety one feels in personal relationships and community.
Victims report intense emotional disturbances, such as feeling the need to cut themselves out of their own bodies—a graphic illustration of the severity of the psychological impact of being deepfaked. This trauma reinforces paranoid thoughts, leaving victims in constant fear of who might have seen the manipulated images and videos.
Victims endure an overwhelming sense of paranoia, constantly questioning who among their acquaintances or passersby may have seen or distributed the harmful content. This paranoia extends beyond the digital realm, with implications on every personal interaction they have.
The case of Stephanie Soo, who struggled for a year after discovering her brother had taken compromising photos of her, underscores this burden. Unable to trust even her family, she illustrates the deeply personal nature of the violation and the struggle to reclaim ownership and comfort within one's own body.
Beyond personal trauma, the threat looms of potential blackmail and physical danger due to recognition from deepfake content. Officials warn that such images can ruin job prospects and lead to physical violence. Victims are left to grapple with both the immediate emotional toll and the long-term social and economic repercussions.
The devastating psychological and social consequences for victims, including shattered trust and safety
In South Korea, the systemic failures and dismissive attitudes towards deepfake-related crimes allow such activities to continue with minimal deterrence. Despite the severity of these crimes, the legal system often fails to provide significant consequences for the perpetrators.
Lenient sentences that frequently involve probation or suspended sentences send a clear message that these crimes are not taken seriously. An egregious example is a high schooler convicted of creating and distributing deepfake videos who received only six months in prison because he admitted his mistakes and had no prior criminal record. In reality, perpetrators often receive probation and suspension without a fine, even though making deepfakes for distribution can be punished with up to five years in prison or a 50 million won fine. Moreover, only five individuals were sentenced to prison for purely deepfake-related crimes in the previous year.
Officers note a lack of awareness about deepfaking as a crime, suggesting deficiencies in education and law enforcement regarding the issue. A middle schooler who produced deepfakes facilitated the narrative that there are negligible consequences for young offenders. Perpetrators share among themselves that unless they've left identifying information, they likely will not be caught, due to Telegram's lack of cooperation with the police.
Parents have been noted to question the fairness of severely punishing their sons for what they perceive to be a mere "joke," trivializing the crime and downplaying its impacts. Even when victims seek help from authorities, they're often told there's little that can be done against crimes committed on secure platforms like Telegram. Victims' family reactions can also be dismissive, such as a mother who merely apologized during an argument, and a father who questioned the duration his daughter would talk about her experience.
The systemic failures and dismissive attitudes that enable this problem to persist, including lenient sentences for perpetrators
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