Podcasts > Red Thread > 08: The Wendigo | Red Thread

08: The Wendigo | Red Thread

By The Official Podcast

Dive into the chilling tales of the Wendigo on the latest episode of the "Red Thread" podcast, where speakers Jackson Clarke, Charlie White, and Isaiah Markin unravel the complex tapestry of this legendary figure's place in First Nations oral history. The discussion delves into the Wendigo's role as a symbol of cultural values, often standing as a grim warning against the perils of immorality and societal detachment. With its alarming, corpse-like depiction, the Wendigo exemplifies the deep-seated fears of greed and spiritual corruption, underpinning the traditions of Algonquin-speaking tribes through storytelling and mythmaking.

The conversation further explores the legend's historical claims and its contribution to law and personal conduct, like the haunting case of Swift Runner and the preventive measures taken by Jack Fiddler to protect his community. Tackling the concept of Wendigo psychosis presents a battleground for cultural interpretation and psychiatric recognition—fueling debates over its existence as a mental disorder or a spiritual affliction. "Red Thread" also critiques the adaptation of Wendigo lore in popular culture, from literature to gaming, examining how the myth's essence is sometimes diluted for entertainment, yet still manages to echo timeless themes of human nature in a modern context.

08: The Wendigo | Red Thread

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Mar 2, 2024 episode of the Red Thread

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.

08: The Wendigo | Red Thread

1-Page Summary

The origin, meaning, and stories of the Wendigo in First Nations oral history

The Wendigo is a significant figure in the oral histories of the Algonquin-speaking tribes, symbolizing cultural values and serving as a cautionary tale against immorality and isolation. Described as gaunt, corpse-like, and emitting a stench of decay, the creature grows larger with each act of cannibalism. Transformations into a Wendigo are believed to occur either through dreams or direct encounters, reflecting fears surrounding greed and the spiritual world. The term "Wendtekawa," possibly related to the word for owl, suggests an evil spirit whose stories enforce moral integrity and the crucial nature of community within the tribes.

Wendigo legends and sightings through history

The Wendigo is entrenched in historical narratives, exemplified by Swift Runner, a Cree who, in the 1870s, claimed to be possessed by the Wendigo and cannibalized his family. His case led to the first legal execution in the Fort Saskatchewan area, entwining legal history with Wendigo lore. Other accounts include Jack Fiddler, who believed himself to fight against Wendigos and acted lethally to halt suspected transformations in his family, demonstrating the profound impact of Wendigo beliefs on individual actions.

Wendigo Psychosis Affliction and Debates Over Its Legitimacy

Wendigo psychosis, a controversial topic, suggests a set of symptoms resembling the early stages of Wendigo transformation, including paranoia and cannibalistic urges. The affliction possibly stems from cultural fears or individual susceptibilities, reflecting cultural taboos and psychological concerns. The diagnosis remains debated among professionals, with opinions divided over its authenticity, whether as a medical condition or as a facet of spiritual belief systems.

Adaptations in modern pop culture over time

The Wendigo myth has been reinterpreted in modern culture, starting with Algernon Blackwood's novel and extending to Stephen King's "Pet Sematary" and the game "Until Dawn." However, modern portrayals often miss the original stories' depth, focusing more on supernatural elements than the intrinsic cultural significance of the Wendigo legend. Despite sometimes incorporating the myth more authentically, as in "Until Dawn," pop culture frequently depicts the Wendigo with attributes like antlers and shapeshifting, distant from the First Nations narratives. Yet these adaptations maintain relevance by alluding to underlying themes such as greed and overconsumption, ensuring the Wendigo remains a versatile symbol in contemporary media.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Algonquin-speaking tribes are Indigenous groups in North America who share a common language and cultural heritage within the larger Algonquian language family. They are closely related to other Algonquian-speaking peoples like the Odawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibwe. The Algonquin people primarily reside in Eastern Canada, particularly in Quebec and Ontario. Their traditional name for themselves is Omàmiwinini, and they have a significant presence in the region's Indigenous communities.
  • Fort Saskatchewan is a city in Alberta, Canada, known for its historical significance as a North-West Mounted Police fort and a location for a large provincial jail. It is situated along the North Saskatchewan River, northeast of Edmonton, and is recognized for its proximity to various chemical plants. The area has a population of around 27,088 people as per the 2021 census. The city also features a replica of the original fort, which was opened in 2011 near its original site.
  • Wendigo psychosis is a term used to describe a cultural-bound syndrome characterized by symptoms such as an intense craving for human flesh and fear of becoming a cannibal. It is associated with Algonquian folklore and is believed to stem from cultural fears or individual susceptibilities. The concept of Wendigo psychosis reflects a complex interplay between cultural beliefs, psychological concerns, and historical narratives. It remains a debated topic among professionals, with varying opinions on its legitimacy as a medical condition or a facet of spiritual belief systems.
  • Algernon Blackwood was an English writer known for his ghost stories and supernatural fiction. His work, including the collection "Incredible Adventures," is highly regarded in the genre. Blackwood's stories often explore themes of the supernatural and the unknown, captivating readers with his eerie and atmospheric storytelling.
  • Pet Sematary is a horror novel by Stephen King, adapted into films in 1989 and 2019. The story follows a family who discovers a burial ground with dark powers near their new home in Maine. The novel explores themes of grief, loss, and the consequences of tampering with death. The title is intentionally misspelled as "Sematary" to reflect the children's hand-made sign at the burial ground.
  • "Until Dawn" is a 2015 interactive horror game where players control eight characters trying to survive on Blackwood Mountain. The game's narrative is shaped by player choices through a butterfly effect system, influencing who lives or dies in the story. Developed by Supermassive Games, it was initially planned for PlayStation Move on PS3 but was later released for PlayStation 4. The game draws inspiration from horror films and other video games like Heavy Rain, Resident Evil, and Silent Hill.

Counterarguments

  • The interpretation of the Wendigo as a symbol of immorality and isolation may vary among different tribes and storytellers, and it might not be universally agreed upon within all Algonquin-speaking communities.
  • The description of the Wendigo's physical characteristics and its growth with each act of cannibalism is based on oral traditions, which can vary and may not be consistent across all narratives.
  • The belief in transformation into a Wendigo through dreams or encounters could be challenged by alternative explanations within the community, such as psychological or environmental factors.
  • The connection between the term "Wendtekawa" and the word for owl might be speculative and not supported by all linguistic or cultural scholars.
  • The historical accounts of Swift Runner and Jack Fiddler could be interpreted differently, with some arguing that these cases reflect more on the individuals' mental health or the social conditions of the time rather than on Wendigo beliefs.
  • The concept of Wendigo psychosis and its symptoms could be seen as a cultural construct rather than a diagnosable medical condition, and some mental health professionals might argue that it pathologizes cultural beliefs.
  • The debate over the legitimacy of Wendigo psychosis might overlook the broader context of how indigenous knowledge and belief systems are often marginalized in psychiatric discourse.
  • The adaptations of the Wendigo myth in modern pop culture could be defended as a form of artistic license that allows for creative reinterpretation and relevance to contemporary audiences, even if it diverges from the original cultural narratives.
  • The criticism that modern portrayals focus more on supernatural elements might not consider the potential for these adaptations to introduce the Wendigo to new audiences, sparking interest in the original cultural significance.

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
08: The Wendigo | Red Thread

The origin, meaning, and stories of the Wendigo in First Nations oral history

The Wendigo legend holds an important place in the oral traditions of the Algonquin-speaking tribes of North America, serving both as a cautionary tale and a representation of cultural values.

Appearance and transformation traits in Algonquin tales

The Wendigo is a deep-rooted element in the oral histories of the First Nations people, with its stories conveying messages about community, morality, and the perils of isolation.

Gaunt, corpse-like appearance

Isaiah Markin provides a detailed description of the Wendigo’s corpse-like appearance as recorded in early legends, nearly skeletal, with an emaciated form, missing lips, and eyelids, evoking images of the dead that have risen once again. Ojibwe scholar Basil Johnston adds to this portrait, depicting the creature as being ashen in complexion, with deeply set eyes, tattered lips, and exuding a stench of decay.

Grows in size from cannibalism

Jackson Clarke adds to the lore, indicating that with each human the Wendigo consumes, it grows proportionally in size, sometimes towering as high as the trees themselves. This aspect of the story underlines the insatiable and ever-growing hunger of the creature, as well as the increasing severity of its acts.

Possessed through dreams or encounter

The Wendigo is not only a creature to be feared in the physical sense but also a spiritual threat. Markin and the Ojibwe narratives share the concept that Wendigos arise when the spirit possesses a person, often because they have resorted to cannibalism or exhibited extreme avarice. Once possessed, the person's body morphs into that of a Wendigo and their sense of hunger becomes unquenchable, the human within beco ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

The origin, meaning, and stories of the Wendigo in First Nations oral history

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Algonquin-speaking tribes are Indigenous groups in North America who share a common language and cultural heritage within the larger Algonquian language family. They are part of the Anicinàpe (Anishinaabeg) people, closely related to other tribes like the Odawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibwe. The Algonquin people primarily reside in Eastern Canada, particularly in Quebec and Ontario, where they maintain their language and traditions.
  • The Wendigo is described as having a gaunt, corpse-like appearance in Algonquin tales. This means it looks extremely thin and skeletal, with features resembling a dead body, such as sunken eyes, tattered lips, and a decaying smell. The description emphasizes the eerie and unsettling nature of the Wendigo, highlighting its association with death and decay. This appearance serves to evoke fear and emphasize the monstrous and otherworldly qualities of the creature.
  • Basil Johnston was an Ojibwe scholar known for his work in preserving and sharing Indigenous knowledge and culture, particularly focusing on Ojibwe traditions, language, and storytelling. He was a respected author and educator who contributed significantly to the understanding and appreciation of First Nations heritage, including the Wendigo legend.
  • The insatiable and ever-growing hunger of the Wendigo in Algonquin tales symbolizes its relentless desire for human flesh. With each person it consumes, the Wendigo's appetite intensifies, driving it to seek out more victims to satisfy its unending craving. This aspect highlights the creature's monstrous nature and the escalating danger it poses as it grows larger and more powerful through its acts of cannibalism. The insatiable hunger serves as a cautionary element, emphasizing the destructive consequences of giving in to extreme desires and the importance of resisting such temptations in order to maintain moral integrity.
  • In Algonquin tales, individuals can become possessed by the Wendigo spirit through dream ...

Counterarguments

...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
08: The Wendigo | Red Thread

Wendigo legends and sightings through history

Historical accounts of the Wendigo have been mired in terror and mystery, serving as sobering reminders of the community’s disdain for greed—particularly during periods of scarcity—and the ominous consequences of cannibalism.

Swift Runner, a Cree trapper from central Alberta in the 1870s, became infamously linked with the Wendigo after claiming that a spirit associated with the creature possessed him and made him cannibalize his family. His descent into alcoholism and his subsequent expulsion from his tribe set the stage for a horrifying chapter in the lore surrounding the Wendigo.

It was during the winter of 1878 when Swift Runner emerged from the wilderness claiming his family had perished from starvation. However, suspicion arose when he was found to be in good health despite his claims. A grim discovery was then made at a campsite: human bones and a pot filled with human fat. The evidence irrefutably pointed to Swift Runner having consumed his family. During the investigation, Swift Runner attested that possession by a Wendigo spirit caused his incomprehensible acts.

The ensuing trial in 1879 was swift; after only 20 minutes of deliberation, he was judged guilty. Swift Runner's execution by hanging in Fort Saskatchewan marked him as the first person to be legally hanged in the area, under charges that resonate ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Wendigo legends and sightings through history

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Wendigo is a malevolent creature from Algonquian folklore, often associated with winter, famine, and cannibalism. It embodies greed and the consequences of succumbing to extreme hunger. The Wendigo is believed to possess individuals, compelling them to commit acts of cannibalism. Stories of the Wendigo serve as cautionary tales about the dangers of selfishness and the importance of community values.
  • Swift Runner claimed that a Wendigo spirit had possessed him, leading him to cannibalize his family. In Cree folklore, the Wendigo is a malevolent spirit associated with greed and cannibalism. Swift Runner's assertion of being influenced by a Wendigo spirit was used to explain his horrific actions of consuming human flesh. This claim added a supernatural element to his crimes, suggesting that he was not fully in control of his actions due to the influence of the Wendigo spirit.
  • Swift Runner's case is historically significant as it marks the first legal execution linked to the Wendigo legend. Swift Runner, a Cree trapper, claimed a Wendigo spirit possessed him, leading him to cannibalize his family during a harsh winter in 1878. His trial in 1879 resulted in a swift guilty verdict and his subsequent execution by hanging in Fort Saskatchewan. This case highlights the cultural impact of Wendigo beliefs and the tragic consequences associated with the legend.
  • Swift Runner, a Cree trapper, was executed in 1879 after being found guilty of cannibalizing his family. He claimed a Wendigo spirit possessed him, leading to his gruesome actions. The trial was b ...

Counterarguments

  • The interpretation of the Wendigo legend as a cautionary tale against greed and cannibalism could be seen as a simplification of a complex set of beliefs and stories that may have other cultural meanings and functions.
  • The claim that Swift Runner was possessed by a Wendigo spirit is based on a supernatural explanation that cannot be empirically verified; alternative explanations such as mental illness or extreme stress due to starvation could be considered.
  • The swift judgment and execution of Swift Runner might be criticized for potentially lacking in due process, as the trial was very brief and based on a cultural belief in possession.
  • The belief in the Wendigo and its influence on behavior, as in the case of Jack Fiddler, could be interpreted as a manifestation of cultural beliefs impacting social actions, rather than evidence of the superna ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
08: The Wendigo | Red Thread

Wendigo Psychosis Affliction and Debates Over Its Legitimacy

The discussion centers on the contentious topic known as Wendigo psychosis, which is believed to affect individuals residing in areas traditionally linked to the Wendigo, especially before European contact with First Nations tribes.

Symptoms resemble early transformation stage

The podcast lightly touches on the term "Wendigo psychosis," where participants joke about the possession or transformation into a monster. Such discussions could allude to Wendigo psychosis symptoms that some believe represent the early stages of transformation into a Wendigo. Symptoms reported include paranoia, anxiety, hallucinations, and cannibalistic impulses, paralleling the belief that affected individuals might begin exhibiting behaviors akin to the mythical creature.

Possible root causes from severe conditions or susceptibility

Wendigo psychosis emerges from the fear that individuals might experience effects similar to those of the Wendigo, like cannibalistic urges, due to a deeply ingrained cultural apprehension. Moreover, the podcast introduces the idea that acts of greed or any "unspeakable" act of selfish intent can precipitate transformation into ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Wendigo Psychosis Affliction and Debates Over Its Legitimacy

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Wendigo psychosis is a term used to describe a cultural-bound syndrome that some believe is linked to the Wendigo myth among certain Indigenous communities in North America. It suggests that individuals may exhibit symptoms such as paranoia, anxiety, and cannibalistic urges, resembling the mythical Wendigo creature. The concept of Wendigo psychosis is debated within the medical community, with some viewing it as a psychological disorder and others as a manifestation of spiritual beliefs. The association between Wendigo psychosis and the Wendigo myth highlights the complex interplay between cultural beliefs, psychological phenomena, and historical narratives.
  • Wendigo psychosis is a term used to describe a cultural-bound syndrome among certain Indigenous communities. Some in the medical community debate whether Wendigo psychosis should be classified as a psychological disorder or viewed within a spiritual or cultural context. This debate stems from differing perspectives on how to interpret and address the symptoms and beliefs associated with Wendigo psychosis. The discussion involves considerations of cultural sensitivity, historical context, and the intersection of mental health and cultural beliefs.
  • The ...

Counterarguments

  • The symptoms attributed to Wendigo psychosis, such as paranoia and hallucinations, could be manifestations of other, more widely recognized psychological disorders, and the label "Wendigo psychosis" may be an oversimplification or misdiagnosis of these conditions.
  • The concept of Wendigo psychosis might be a mythologized explanation for behavior that was not understood at the time, and modern psychology could provide alternative explanations for the symptoms described.
  • The idea that acts of greed or selfishness could lead to Wendigo psychosis could be seen as a cultural mechanism for enforcing social norms and values, rather than an actual path to a psychological condition.
  • The debate over the legitimacy of Wendigo psychosis could be influenced by cultural biases, with Western medicine potentially dismissing non-Western beliefs and experiences too readily.
  • The fascination with Wendigo psychosis might stem from an exotici ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
08: The Wendigo | Red Thread

Adaptations in modern pop culture over time

Isaiah Markin, Jackson Clarke, and Charlie White discuss how the legend of the Wendigo has been adapted and transformed within modern popular culture, resulting in the loss of depth and meaning from the original tales.

Early novel by Algernon Blackwood

The Wendigo first featured prominently in a novel by English author Algernon Blackwood, giving the myth a place in early popular culture. This novel set a precedent for later adaptations of the myth within various forms of media.

Impact on Stephen King, Until Dawn, etc.

The influence of the Wendigo has penetrated the works of renowned authors and the gaming industry. Both Isaiah Markin and Charlie White acknowledge that Stephen King's "Pet Sematary" featured the Wendigo, with King's iteration incorporating animalistic characteristics which inadvertently aligns with ancient European stag imagery. Similarly, Charlie White references his knowledge of the Wendigo from the video game "Until Dawn," which tells a story involving transformation into a Wendigo after characters eat flesh or are bitten.

Lost opportunity for depth compared to original tales

However, Jackson Clarke believes that modern horror portrayals of the Wendigo as just another supernatural threat represent a missed opportunity, as these adaptations lack the depth of the original First Nations stories which discussed critical themes like starvation and the extremities of cold weather.

Brady De Santi’s paper "Classroom Cannibal" is mentioned, discussing how the Wendigo’s cultural significance is often not fully explored in modern adaptations, contrasting its rich cultural stories and significance in original tales. The speakers suggest that recent adaptations, like "Until Dawn," attempted to weave more of the mythos into their storytelling; they particularly highlight this game's faithful representation of the Wendigo as described in historical accounts.

The discussion indicates that the Wendigo has been frequently presented in pop culture with animalistic features, suc ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Adaptations in modern pop culture over time

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Wendigo is a mythical creature originating from Algonquian-speaking tribes in North America, particularly among the Ojibwe, Cree, and other Indigenous peoples. It is often depicted as a malevolent, cannibalistic spirit associated with winter, famine, and greed. The Wendigo lore serves as a cautionary tale against selfishness and the consequences of violating taboos, emphasizing themes of starvation, transformation, and the supernatural. Over time, the Wendigo has been adapted in various forms of media, evolving from its traditional folklore roots into a popular figure in modern horror and pop culture.
  • Algernon Blackwood's novel featuring the Wendigo is a significant early work that helped popularize the myth in modern culture. The novel set a foundation for future adaptations of the Wendigo myth in various forms of media. It introduced audiences to the concept of the Wendigo and its eerie characteristics. Blackwood's portrayal of the Wendigo in his novel laid the groundwork for how the creature would be depicted in later works.
  • The Wendigo holds deep significance in original First Nations stories as a malevolent spirit associated with greed, cannibalism, and the consequences of violating traditional taboos. These tales often explore themes of survival, morality, and the dangers of unchecked desires, serving as cautionary narratives within Indigenous cultures. The Wendigo is not merely a physical monster but a symbol of spiritual corruption and the disruption of natural harmony, reflecting the complex worldview and values of Indigenous communities. Its portrayal in traditional stories emphasizes the importance of balance, respect for nature, and the consequences of straying from cultural teachings.
  • In the video game "Until Dawn," the Wendigo is portrayed as a creature that results from individuals consuming human flesh or being bitten. This action leads to a transformation into a Wendigo. The game incorporates the Wendigo mythos into its storytelling, emphasizing t ...

Counterarguments

  • The adaptation of myths like the Wendigo is a natural evolution of storytelling, reflecting current societal values and interests rather than a loss of depth.
  • Modern portrayals of the Wendigo may introduce the myth to a broader audience, potentially increasing interest in the original tales and their cultural significance.
  • The incorporation of animalistic features and shapeshifting abilities in the Wendigo's portrayal could be seen as a creative interpretation that resonates with contemporary audiences.
  • The use of the Wendigo in modern media as a symbol for themes like greed and overconsumption can be a powerful tool for social commentary, relevant to today's issues.
  • The presence of the Wendigo in branding and merchandise could be viewed as a form of cultural appreciation and a way to keep the myth alive in public consciousness.
  • The argument tha ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free

Create Summaries for anything on the web

Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser

Shortform Extension CTA