Podcasts > Rachel Maddow Presents: Déjà News > Episode 3: Malmedy

Episode 3: Malmedy

By Rachel Maddow

In this episode of Rachel Maddow Presents: Déjà News, Rachel Maddow and Steven Remy examine the Malmedy Massacre, where Nazi SS soldiers brutally executed American POWs during World War II. They delve into the high-profile trial that followed, which saw all defendants convicted despite the lackluster defense efforts of Willis Everett.

Maddow and Remy then explore Everett's subsequent campaign against the trial's integrity, making baseless claims of coerced confessions. They also discuss the role of ex-Nazi lawyer Rudolf Aschenauer, who worked with convicted Nazis to manufacture stories of abuse aimed at overturning convictions and discrediting the war crime trials themselves.

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Episode 3: Malmedy

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Episode 3: Malmedy

1-Page Summary

The Malmedy Massacre

The Brutal War Crime

Nazi SS soldiers brutally executed American POWs in Malmedy, Belgium during World War II's Battle of the Bulge in 1944, as Steven Remy and Rachel Maddow explain. Over 80 bodies were later discovered, with evidence of close-range killings. The graphic details and images shocked Americans, setting the stage for a high-profile trial.

The Trial at Dachau

At Dachau, the trial saw all defendants ultimately convicted, with U.S. lawyer Willis Everett serving as an ineffective defense counsel. Everett knew the detailed confessions made arguing innocence futile, as Remy notes. Most received death sentences.

Everett's Campaign Against the Trial

Unfounded Allegations

After the trial, the humiliated Everett baselessly claimed investigators had abused the defendants into false confessions, motivated by anti-Semitic beliefs of a "Jewish conspiracy," as Maddow and Remy observe. Despite U.S. Army investigations refuting the allegations, Everett perpetuated them publicly.

Traction and Controversy

Everett's shocking fabrications unexpectedly gained traction in media and with some Congress members, though Remy confirms four reviews found no misconduct. His accusations challenged the trial's integrity.

Nazi Efforts to Overturn Convictions

Rudolf Aschenauer's Role

The ex-Nazi lawyer Aschenauer worked with convicted Nazis to manufacture stories of torture to undermine the trials, as Remy and Maddow explain. He helped defendants make up tales of coerced confessions to discredit the prosecutions.

Aschenauer's Goals

Maddow highlights Aschenauer's dual motives: overturning Malmedy convictions and discrediting all Nazi war crime trials to enable a revival of Nazi ideology and power, which Remy confirms Aschenauer overtly pursued through organizations.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can enhance your critical thinking skills by analyzing historical events in your book club. Choose a controversial historical event, like the Malmedy massacre, and collectively research using diverse sources. Discuss the event's portrayal in different media and literature to understand how narratives can be shaped by bias and misinformation.
  • Develop a habit of fact-checking information you come across on social media or in the news. When you encounter a story related to historical events or current affairs, take the time to verify the information through reputable sources before sharing or forming an opinion. This practice helps prevent the spread of misinformation.
  • Encourage ethical reasoning by starting a conversation with friends or family about the importance of integrity in legal and historical narratives. Use examples from various trials, without focusing on any specific one, to discuss how truth can be manipulated and the long-term effects this has on society and justice. This can lead to a deeper understanding of the value of honesty and accuracy in public discourse.

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Episode 3: Malmedy

The Malmedy Massacre and its aftermath

The Malmedy massacre was a chilling episode of World War II where Nazi SS troops brutally killed American prisoners of war. Its repercussions resonated through the war trials and left an indelible mark on public consciousness.

The Malmedy massacre was a brutal war crime committed by Nazi SS troops against American prisoners of war in Belgium during World War II.

On December 17, 1944, during the Battle of the Bulge, American soldiers in Malmedy, Belgium, were captured and killed by a Nazi SS tank unit known as the Blowtorch Battalion. The troop lined up the American prisoners, disarmed them, and executed them with machine guns, rifles, and other weapons. Survivors who escaped immediately reported the grisly events to American reporters, providing graphic details of the massacre.

A month after the incident, American troops found the frozen bodies of 84 American soldiers, evidencing a mass execution rather than casualties of combat. The event, documented through eyewitness accounts and confirmed by a US Army autopsy, revealed that over half the soldiers were killed at close range. Press reports in Stars and Stripes, Yank magazine, and a series of photos in Life magazine informed the American public about the massacre, with the images so violent that some had to be censored.

Eyewitness accounts and physical nt evidence of the massacre shocked the American public and led to the perpetrators being put on trial.

The American reaction was one of shock and outrage, compelling the supreme commander of Allied forces in Europe to pledge to bring the perpetrators to justice. US Army investigators compiled evidence against the members of the German panzer unit responsible for the killings.

The trial of the Malmedy massacre perpetrators took place at Dachau, with a U.S. Army lawyer named Willis Everett serving as the defense counsel.

The trial was held at Dachau in Germany. Willis Everett, a lawyer inexperienced in criminal trials, served as the defense counsel despite the clear evidence against the accused SS men. The evidence included detailed confessions obtained by US Army investigators, which made it impossible for Everett to argue the crimes did not occur or that his clients were not involved. ...

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The Malmedy Massacre and its aftermath

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was a significant German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II, occurring from December 16, 1944, to January 25, 1945. It aimed to split the Allied lines, encircle and defeat Allied armies, and potentially negotiate a favorable peace treaty for the Axis powers. The surprise attack by the Germans was facilitated by Allied overconfidence, poor weather affecting reconnaissance, and the thinly held American lines in the Ardennes region.
  • Dachau was a concentration camp in Germany where the Dachau trials, also known as the Dachau Military Tribunal, were held to prosecute war criminals captured in U.S. military zones. The trials were conducted by the United States military between 1945 and 1947, separate from the international military trials in Nuremberg. The Dachau trials aimed to hold individuals accountable for war crimes committed against American military personnel and citizens during World War II.
  • Willis Everett McNelly was an American literature professor and writer known for his work on science fiction literature, particularly his editing of university-level textbooks on the subject. He was recognized for his efforts to establish science fiction as a legitimate form of modern literature. Additionally, McNelly was involved in curating a science fiction collection at California State University, Fullerton. He also authored The Dune Encyclopedia, a companion to Frank Herbert's Dune series.
  • An autopsy conducted by the US Army is a medical examination of a deceased person's body to determine the cause of death and gather forensic evidence. In the context of the Malmedy massacre, the US Army autopsy was crucial in confirming that the American soldiers found dead were victims of a deliberate mass execution, providing concrete evidence for the war crime investigation. Autopsies are standard procedures in cases of suspicious or violent deaths to uncover details that may not be immediately apparent, aiding in legal proceedings and justice. The US Army autopsy in this case helped establish the brutal nature of the massacre and supported the prosecution of the perpetrators.
  • Stars and Stripes, Yank magazine, and Life magazine were prominent publications during World War II. Stars and Stripes was a newspaper produced by and for American armed forces, providing news and entertainment to troops. Yank magazine was a publication specifically created for American servicemen, featuring articles, stories, and photographs. Life magazine was a popular American magazine known for its photojournalism, covering a wide range of topics including news, culture, and human interest stories.
  • The German panzer unit mentioned in the text was a military formation known as the 2nd Panzer Army, which was a part of the German armed forces during World War II. This unit played a significant role in various military operations, including the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. The term "panzer" in German milita ...

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Episode 3: Malmedy

The defense lawyer's efforts to undermine the trial

Following a high-profile trial, defense lawyer Willis Everett embarked on a mission to publicly criticize the proceedings, claiming mistreatment and coercion of defendants into false confessions, which he attributed to a "Jewish conspiracy," despite investigations refuting his allegations.

After the trial, the defense lawyer Willis Everett returned to the U.S. and began publicly criticizing the trial, claiming the defendants had been abused and coerced into false confessions.

Everett, spurred by both a desire to salvage his professional reputation after losing the case and his anti-Semitic convictions, scrutinized the legal process. Initially, Everett had heard rumors of prisoner abuse by American interrogators before the trial and was concerned about the reliability of the confessions that were integral to the prosecution's case.

He discovered, however, that the claims of abuse and coercion were unfounded, with the prosecution's confessions standing up to scrutiny. Investigations revealed that the accusations of beating to obtain confessions were baseless, leading Everett to concede to this fact. Despite some of the accused later admitting to fabricating stories of being beaten, Everett drafted a lengthy petition distorting the trial record, insinuating misconduct during the investigation.

Everett was motivated by a desire to reverse his own professional humiliation at losing the high-profile case, as well as by his own anti-Semitic beliefs that the trial was part of a "Jewish conspiracy."

Everett's skepticism about the trial's integrity was deep-seated, as he believed it was marred by corruption, primarily orchestrated by Jewish parties with a thirst for retribution. He was convinced the entire process, from the investigation to the courtroom, was masterminded as a Jewish plot, rooted in both a desire to vindicate himself and his prejudiced worldview.

Steven Remy reports that the U.S. Army conducted four thorough reviews of the Malmedy case, all confirming that there had been no torture, and the claims of torture were unfounded. Contrastingly, Rachel Maddow observes that an American colonel, likely referring to Everett, perpetuated the narrative of misconduct during the investigation, casting the convicted Nazi war criminals as victims.

Everett's claims, despite being repeatedly investigated and disproven by the U.S. Army, gained traction in the American media and with some members of Congress.

Everett's campaign against the trial's validity seemed to resonate with certain segments of the American public. His sensationa ...

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The defense lawyer's efforts to undermine the trial

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Counterarguments

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Actionables

  • You can enhance your critical thinking skills by practicing the evaluation of news sources for credibility. Start by selecting a current news article and research the background of the author, the publication, and the sources cited within the article. Compare the information with other reputable sources to see if the facts align, and make a habit of doing this regularly to develop a keen eye for accuracy in reporting.
  • Develop a habit of writing reflective journals to explore your own biases and beliefs. Set aside time each week to write about your reactions to current events or historical cases, questioning why you feel a certain way and whether your beliefs are based on facts or preconceived notions. This self-reflection can help you become more aware of potential biases and work towards a more objective viewpoint.
  • Engage in community discussions to foster a ...

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Episode 3: Malmedy

The involvement of Nazi lawyers in attempting to overturn the convictions

After World War II, a coordinated effort by former Nazis, including lawyers, was initiated to overturn the convictions of war criminals. Among these individuals was Rudolf Aschenauer, a persistent figure who used his legal expertise to try to rehabilitate the image of the Nazi regime and its followers.

Rudolf Aschenauer's Post-War Defense of Nazi War Criminals

Rudolf Aschenauer, a lawyer who had not renounced his allegiance to National Socialism, took an active role in the post-war period both as a legal advocate for Nazi war criminals and as a political agitator attempting to revive Nazi ideology.

Aschenauer's Strategies to Undermine the Trials

Aschenauer worked closely with Nazi convicts to fabricate allegations of torture and abuse by the American prosecutors during the trials. He helped the Malmedy defendants concoct false stories of coercion, which were then used to challenge the legitimacy of the prosecutions. These fabricated accounts were smuggled out of Landsberg prison where the condemned men were being held, with the assistance of Aschenauer and other ex-Nazi lawyers.

Steven Remy and Rachel Maddow highlight Aschenauer's ulterior motives. Maddow emphasizes that these false allegations served Aschenauer's twin goals of overturning the convictions of the Malmedy defendants and, more broadly, discrediting the entire war crimes prosecution process. This, in turn, played into Aschenauer's political agenda aimed at r ...

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The involvement of Nazi lawyers in attempting to overturn the convictions

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Malmedy defendants were German Waffen-SS soldiers accused of the Malmedy massacre, a war crime where American prisoners of war and Belgian civilians were killed during World War II. The trial held in 1946 aimed to prosecute those involved in the massacre, including high-ranking figures like Sepp Dietrich. The massacre was a significant event during the Battle of the Bulge, where a large number of American soldiers were killed by the Waffen-SS Kampfgruppe Peiper.
  • Landsberg Prison is a facility in Germany that gained historical significance for its role in holding Nazi war criminals after World War II. It was used by the Allied powers to detain individuals convicted of war crimes during the post-war period. Rudolf Aschenauer and other ex-Nazi lawyers were involved in activities related to the prisoners held at Landsberg Prison.
  • The Socialist Reich Party (Sozialistische Reichspartei Deutschlands) was a neo-Nazi political party in West Germany founded in 1949. It aimed to revive Nazi ideology, denied the Holocaust, and sought a reunified German Reich. The party was banned in 1952 by the Feder ...

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