DOJ Says Hunter Biden's Laptop is REAL & Joy Reid Defends Rape Book for Kids | PBD Podcast | Ep. 355
Dive into the pressing issues shaking up American society in the latest PBD Podcast episode, where Patrick Bet-David and his esteemed panelists Tom Ellsworth, Adam Sosnick, Vincent Oshana, Tiffany Justice, and Joy Reid deliver hard-hitting discussions on topics ranging from education incentives to the homelessness crisis. With Ohio lawmakers proposing a cash-for-graduation scheme to enhance school attendance, and California's homelessness catastrophe peaking under Governor Newsom's watch, this episode unpacks the complex challenges facing the nation's governance and societal structure.
But the debate doesn't end there; the panel tackles the contentious book banning controversies sweeping through educational systems, sharp shifts in voter concerns prioritizing immigration over inflation, and the swirling speculations of potential replacements for Joe Biden as the Democratic candidate for the 2024 elections. Tensions flare as viewpoints clash on protecting the youth from sensitive content, addressing immigration's local impact, and the Democrats' strategic maneuvering ahead of the next presidential race. Join the riveting conversation on the PBD Podcast for insights that cut to the core of America's political and social landscape.
This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Jan 23, 2024 episode of the PBD Podcast
Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.
1-Page Summary
Ohio lawmakers proposing paying students to attend school and graduate
Ohio lawmakers are considering a proposal that uses financial incentives to boost school attendance and graduation rates. Legislators like Bill Seitz and Danny Isaacson are pushing for a pilot program aimed to launch in the 2024-2025 school year, offering students cash for consistent attendance and academic achievements.
California's homelessness crisis
Patrick Bet-David and others discuss California's escalating homelessness issue in stark contrast to states like Florida and Texas, attributing part of the problem to the perceived inadequacies of Governor Gavin Newsom's leadership. The HUD report reveals troubling statistics on homelessness in California, fostering criticism of current state management and stirring political backlash against Democratic policies. The closure of an In-N-Out restaurant due to crime and the city of Oakland's safety concerns were highlighted as indicators of broader systemic issues tied to the crisis.
Immigration replacing inflation as top voter concern
Immigration is now seen as a higher concern than inflation among voters, partly due to perceptions about the Biden administration's border policies. The speakers discuss the societal impact of migrants on communities, with concerns regarding the potential long-term effects, such as crime and voting patterns. Criticism is aimed at current White House border enforcement tactics, and instances like New York City's sanitation problems at Tompkins Square Park exemplify the localized challenges of migrant influxes.
Book banning controversies
There is intense debate over what books should be allowed in schools, with figures like Tiffany Justice of Moms for Liberty and Joy Reid of MSNBC clashing over specific memoirs and their content concerning incest, rape, and pedophilia. The debate centers on the appropriateness of sensitive content for young readers and the struggle between shielding children from potentially harmful material while respecting parental rights. Bet-David and Sosnick bring up the idea of age ratings for books, and questions are raised about parental influence and protecting children's psychological health.
Speculation about replacing Biden as 2024 Democratic candidate
Speculation about whether Joe Biden will be replaced as the Democratic candidate for the 2024 election is rampant, driven by concerns over his low approval ratings and age. Public figures and analysts discuss possible replacements, including Michelle Obama and Gavin Newsom—who both have support from key Democratic figures—and Kamala Harris. The debate includes consideration of both public skepticism and individual qualifications, highlighting the uncertainties Democrats face regarding the potential re-nomination of Biden.
1-Page Summary
Additional Materials
Clarifications
- The rise of immigration as a top voter concern is due to perceptions about the Biden administration's border policies, societal impacts of migrants on communities, concerns about long-term effects like crime and voting patterns, and criticism of White House border enforcement tactics.
- Critics of the Biden administration's border policies have raised concerns about the perceived lack of enforcement leading to increased illegal immigration. They argue that the policies have contributed to a surge in migrants crossing the border, straining resources and creating challenges for border security. Additionally, there are criticisms about the handling of unaccompanied minors and the overall management of the border situation. Some critics also point to the impact of these policies on local communities and the potential long-term consequences of the influx of migrants.
- Speculation about potential replacements for Joe Biden in the 2024 election is centered on concerns over his low approval ratings and age. Public figures and analysts are discussing possible candidates who could replace Biden as the Democratic nominee, such as Michelle Obama, Gavin Newsom, and Kamala Harris. This speculation reflects uncertainties within the Democratic Party about whether Biden will be re-nominated for the upcoming election. The debate includes considerations of public perception, individual qualifications, and the political landscape leading up to the 2024 election.
Counterarguments
- Paying students for attendance and graduation could undermine intrinsic motivation for learning and may not address underlying issues affecting school performance.
- The homelessness crisis in California is a complex issue that may not be solely attributable to the governor's leadership, as it involves a range of factors including housing affordability, mental health services, and economic disparities.
- Other states besides Florida and Texas may also have effective strategies for managing homelessness, and it's important to consider a variety of approaches and best practices.
- Immigration concerns are multifaceted, and some voters may still prioritize inflation or other issues; additionally, immigration can have positive economic and cultural impacts on communities.
- The Biden administration's border policies may be criticized, but it's also possible that they are addressing certain aspects of immigration in ways that are not fully captured by public perception or media narratives.
- Book banning in schools raises important questions about censorship and educational freedom, and there may be valid arguments for including challenging material in curricula with appropriate context and guidance.
- Age ratings for books could be seen as a form of censorship and may limit access to literature that can be educational or beneficial for young readers.
- Speculation about replacing Joe Biden as the Democratic candidate for 2024 may overlook his achievements and the complexities of political strategy, and it's important to consider the democratic process and voter preferences.
Learn more
Related Shortform Content
Get access to the context and additional materials
Ohio lawmakers proposing paying students to attend school and graduate
Patrick Bet-David discusses a new proposal by Ohio lawmakers designed to combat chronic absenteeism and to improve graduation rates through financial incentives for students.
Purpose is to improve attendance and graduation rates
Ohio legislators, including Bill Seitz and Danny Isaacson, have introduced bipartisan legislation that aims to significantly improve school attendance and graduation rates. The lawmakers advocate for a pilot program set to launch in the 2024-2025 school year that would reward students financially for consistently attending school.
The concept is to motivate students with cash payments that reflect their commitment to education as measured by attendance and academic performance. This is seen not only as a way to instill good habits but also as a potential cost-saving measure in the long run, especially when compared to expenses related to incarceration in Ohio, as pointed out by Bet-David.
Includes cash payments for meeting attendance and GPA thresholds
The financial rewards system proposed would be tiered and based upon both attendance rates and grade point averages. Specific payouts have been proposed where students could earn, for instance, $25 for average (C) grades, $50 for good (B) grades, and higher amounts for excellent (A) grades. Such a structure is envisioned to provide an intricate balance of incentives to spur greater effort and engagement within the educational system.
This incentive program is designed for students in junior high and above and would not apply to kindergarten children. Based on the proposal, participants with an attendance rate of 90% or higher co ...
Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary
Ohio lawmakers proposing paying students to attend school and graduate
Additional Materials
Clarifications
- The proposed incentive program in Ohio would reward students based on their attendance rates and academic performance. Students with an attendance rate of 90% or higher could receive financial rewards every two weeks, quarterly bonuses, and a final bonus at the end of the school year. Academic performance would also be a factor, with different cash payouts tied to different grade levels achieved by the students.
- The proposal in Ohio suggests using financial incentives to motivate students to attend school regularly and perform well academically. The idea is that by offering cash rewards based on attendance and grades, students may be more inclined to engage in their education, leading to improved attendance and potentially higher graduation rates. The legislators believe that these incentives ...
Counterarguments
- Financial incentives may not address underlying issues that contribute to absenteeism, such as family problems, mental health issues, or lack of engagement with the curriculum.
- Paying students for grades could undermine intrinsic motivation for learning and shift the focus to extrinsic rewards.
- The program could create disparities among students, particularly if lower-income students are more reliant on financial incentives, potentially stigmatizing them.
- There is a risk that the program could incentivize grade inflation or dishonest behavior to meet the required thresholds for payment.
- The program may not be sustainable in the long term due to the financial burden on the state's budget.
- The effectiveness of financial incentives in education is debated, with some research suggesting limited long-term benefits.
- The program might not equally benefit all students, especially those with learning disabilities or other challenges that make it harder to meet attendance and GPA criteria.
- ...
Learn more
Related Shortform Content
Get access to the context and additional materials
California's homelessness crisis
Patrick Bet-David and counterparts delve into the troubling realities of California's homelessness, which starkly contrasts with other states such as Florida and Texas, pointing to leadership deficiencies under Governor Gavin Newsom as a contributing factor to the dire situation.
California has much higher homelessness rates than Florida and Texas
Leadership failures under Newsom worsening the crisis
An In-N-Out restaurant in Oakland, a central location renowned for its fast food, is shutting its doors due to a spike in crime, property damage, theft, and even armed robberies, reflecting a broader sense of declining safety for both patrons and staff, emblematic of issues throughout California. Within these discussions, there are references to the greater Bay Area's visible homelessness, which includes unsettling elements such as a "poop location map" used to dramatize California’s issues during a debate between governors Gavin Newsom and Ron DeSantis.
Tom Ellsworth brings attention to the 2023 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report to Congress released by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which reveals stark data on the homelessness crisis. California's homelessness rates are significantly disproportionate when compared to Florida and Texas, with a staggering 44 to 46 homeless individuals per 10,000 Californians—an approximate fourfold increase compared to Florida and fivefold over Texas. Since 2007, the rate in California has escalated by 30%.
This bleak reality draws a sharp critique of Governor Gavin Newsom's leadership, with implications that California's management of the issue is severely lacking. Observers note the quiet release of the HUD report absent a formal press release or public address—an action that might reflect poorly on the Democratic-controlled Congress and state lead ...
Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary
California's homelessness crisis
Additional Materials
Clarifications
- The implications of the HUD report being released without a formal press release or public address suggest a lack of transparency and accountability in addressing the homelessness crisis in California. This action may indicate an attempt to downplay or avoid public scrutiny of the concerning data presented in the report. It could also signal a reluctance on the part of the state leadership to openly acknowledge and discuss the severity of the homelessness issue. The absence of a formal announcement may hinder public awareness and engagement on crucial matters affecting the state's population.
- Comparing Governor Newsom to an unsuccessful CEO if California were a company implies that his leadership is being criticized for the state's issues, such as the homelessness crisis. The analogy suggests that under Newsom's governance, California's problems have worsened, akin to a CEO faili ...
Counterarguments
- California's homelessness crisis is multifaceted and cannot be solely attributed to the current governor's policies; factors such as the state's high cost of living, lack of affordable housing, and mental health issues also play significant roles.
- Comparing states like California, Florida, and Texas may not account for differences in climate, economy, and social services, which can all impact homelessness rates.
- The closure of a single In-N-Out restaurant may not be representative of the broader safety situation in California and could be due to a variety of local factors.
- The "poop location map" might not provide a comprehensive or accurate representation of homelessness or public health issues in the Bay Area.
- The increase in homelessness in California since 2007 could be influenced by the Great Recession and subsequent economic challenges, which affected many states.
- The absence of a formal press release for the HUD report does not necessarily indicate an attempt to downplay the issue by state leadership; it could be due to other communication strategies or bureaucratic processes.
- The transition from a budget surplus to a deficit in California could be related to economic cycles, unexpect ...
Learn more
Related Shortform Content
Home Team | PBD Podcast | Ep. 329
Vincent Oshana, Patrick Bet-David, Adam Sosnick, Tom Ellsworth
The Debate America Deserves
Ben Shapiro, Ron DeSantis, Gavin Newsom, Bob Iger, Andrew Ross Sorkin, Actress, Actor, Antony Blinken
Governor Ron DeSantis | PBD Podcast | Ep. 321
Patrick Bet-David, Ron DeSantis, Benjamin Netanyahu
Get access to the context and additional materials
Immigration replacing inflation as top voter concern
According to a recent poll cited by the host, immigration has now overtaken inflation as the top concern among voters, signaling a significant shift in public sentiment on policy priorities.
Biden administration's border policies contributing to crisis
Adam Sosnick notes that with the economy showing signs of improvement and inflation cooling, Americans have shifted their frustration toward what they perceive as an "open border caravan."
Migrants negatively impacting communities
The conversation addresses the impact of migrants on communities, with the speakers weighing in on the potential long-term effects. Oshana voices concern over the permanence of the damage attributed to President Biden's open border policy, particularly through the potential voting patterns of migrants' descendants.
The speakers imply that immigration is becoming a more decisive issue for voters, potentially surpassing other concerns like inflation. There is criticism of the current administration's approach to the border, with the White House being sued by Texas for trying to enforce border security with measures such as barbed wire.
Sosnick commends Democrats like John Fetterman, who are applying common sense to the issue, indicating a bipartisan concern over the administration's border policies. Patrick Bet-David draws a sharp contrast between the number of deportations during Obama's administration and the alleged open border situation under Biden's tenure.
A report highlighting significant sanitation problems in New York City's Tompkins Square Park is used to illustrate the negative consequences of the influx of migrants. The removal of porta-potties, leaving the area without adequate restroom facilities, has angered residents. Curtis Sliwa criticizes Mayor Adam's handling of the migrant situation, referring to it as "knee-jerk reactions" without proper follow-up.
Vincent Oshana talks about the consequences of migrants arriving at people's d ...
Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary
Immigration replacing inflation as top voter concern
Additional Materials
Clarifications
- The impact of migrants on communities can vary and may include concerns about strain on resources like housing, healthcare, and education, as well as potential cultural shifts. Additionally, there could be discussions about the economic contributions and challenges posed by migrant populations. Social integration, language barriers, and the overall social fabric of communities are also factors that can be influenced by the presence of migrants.
- Under the Obama administration, there were significant deportations of undocumented immigrants. The comparison being made in the text suggests that there is a perception that the current border situation under President Biden is more lenient or open, leading to concerns about the influx of migrants and its impact on communities. This comparison highlights a perceived difference in approach to immigration enforcement between the two administrations.
- The sanitation problems in New York City's Tompkins Square Park were highlighted in connection to the influx of migrants. The removal of porta-potties in the park led to inadequate restroom facilities, causing frustration among residents. This situation was used to illustrate the negative consequences of the migrant influx on the local community. Critics blamed the handling of the migrant situation for exacerbating issues like sanitation problems in the park.
- Mayor Adam's handling of the migrant situation in New York involves criticism for what some perceive as reactive responses without adequate follow-up measures to address the challenges posed by the influx of migrants in the city. This criticism suggests that there may be concerns about the effectiveness and sustainability of the actions taken by Mayor Adam in response to the migrant-related issues in New York.
- The link between migrants panhandling and the Biden administration's policies can be understood as a consequence of the increased flow of migrants into certain areas due to perceived changes in border enforcement strategies. This influx can lead to visible impacts on local communities, such as migrants seeking assistance through panhandling, which some attribute to the policies and perceived leniency of the current administration. The connection drawn in the text suggests that the policies and approaches towards immigration under the Biden administration may have influenced the presence and behavior of migrants in specific regions, potentially leading to situations like panhandling.
- Concerns about potential crime escalation due to migrants becoming desperate stem from worries that individuals facing challenging circumstances may resort to illegal activities to survive. This fear is often linked to economic hardships, lack of resources, and social exclusion experienced by some migrants, which could lead to increased criminal behavior in certain situations. It is important to note that these concerns are not indicative of all migrants but rather a consid ...
Counterarguments
- Immigration concerns may be more visible in media coverage, but inflation continues to be a critical issue affecting the daily lives of voters, especially those with fixed incomes or living in poverty.
- The characterization of the Biden administration's border policies as solely contributing to a crisis overlooks the complexity of immigration issues, which include push factors from migrants' home countries and legal obligations to process asylum claims.
- The impact of migrants on communities can be positive, contributing to cultural diversity, economic growth, and addressing labor shortages in various sectors.
- Bipartisan concern over border policies does not necessarily reflect a consensus on solutions, and there are advocates on both sides of the aisle for more compassionate and comprehensive immigration reform.
- Legal challenges to the administration's border policies, such as those by Texas, are part of the checks and balances in the U.S. political system and do not inherently validate the criticisms of those policies.
- Comparing deportation numbers between administrations may not account for changes in immigration patterns, legal frameworks, or humanitarian considerations.
- Sanitation problems in urban areas like Tompkins Square Park cannot be solely attributed to migrants and may reflect broader issues of urban planning, resource allocation, and social services.
- Criticisms of local government responses to migrant situations may overlook the challenges cities face in providing services and the need for federal support and comprehensive immigration reform.
- The presence of migrants panhandling is not necessarily a direct result of federal policies and may be influenced by a range of factors, including local economic conditions and social safety nets.
- Concerns about increased crime due to migrants becoming desperate are not supported by evidence that shows immigrants are less likely to ...
Learn more
Related Shortform Content
Get access to the context and additional materials
Book banning controversies
The debate over the appropriateness of controversial books in schools is heating up as various stakeholders clash over what literature should be accessible to students.
Debate over appropriateness of controversial books in schools
Tiffany Justice of Moms for Liberty and Joy Reid of MSNBC had a heated exchange about the memoir "All Boys Aren't Blue" and its appropriateness for students, due to explicit content including incest, rape, and pedophilia. Justice questioned the context in which discussing a strap-on dildo or the rape of a minor child by a teacher in a public school setting could ever be appropriate.
The narrative around the debate suggests that there is a struggle between protecting children and respecting parental rights. Patrick Bet-David raised questions about the presence of the banned book in schools. Ellsworth and Vincent Oshana echoed concerns over the book's content being appropriate for young adults and younger children, respectively. The broader conversation highlights an urgent question: whether there exists an agenda to normalize sexual topics among young children.
Bet-David and Adam Sosnick extended the discourse by considering age ratings for books, like those for movies, to better control what books are available to which age groups. Bet-David also asked about Democratic mothers' opinions on such content in schools and differentiated between supporting an identity and encouraging specific actions or influences, such as assigning particular books to read.
Discussions about protecting children while respecting parental rights
In the MSNBC segment, Joey Reed suggested that parents should have the right to decide if their child can have access to books like "All Boys Aren't Blue". Reed posited that having access to such books could be crucial for youth who see their experiences reflected in the content. Justice countered that if a child relates to the book, it may imply th ...
Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary
Book banning controversies
Additional Materials
Clarifications
- Moms for Liberty is a conservative group advocating for parental rights in education. Joy Reid is a television host and political commentator on MSNBC, known for her progressive viewpoints. The two individuals represent contrasting perspectives in the debate over controversial books in schools. Their clash reflects broader ideological divisions on issues related to education and censorship.
- "All Boys Aren't Blue" is a memoir by George M. Johnson that discusses the author's experiences as a Black queer person. The book includes explicit content such as discussions of incest, rape, and pedophilia. These topics are addressed within the context of the author's personal narrative and are intended to shed light on important issues related to identity, sexuality, and trauma. The book has sparked debates about its appropriateness for young readers due to its explicit content and the potential impact it may have on them.
- Discussing explicit topics in a public school setting involves addressing sensitive or controversial subjects like sexual content, violence, or other mature themes within the educational environment. This can spark debates about what is appropriate for students to learn about in school and how to balance freedom of expression with the need to protect young minds. The context often revolves around concerns regarding the impact of such discussions on children's development and the role of parents in guiding their children's exposure to potentially challenging material. The debate may also touch on broader societal questions about the boundaries of education and the responsibilities of schools in shaping students' understanding of complex issues.
- Concerns about normalizing sexual topics among young children revolve around the worry that exposing children to explicit or mature content at a young age could lead to premature understanding or acceptance of such topics. Critics fear that discussing these subjects too early could blur boundaries between age-appropriate and inappropriate information, potentially impacting children's psychological development. The debate often centers on finding a balance between educating children about sensitive topics and safeguarding their innocence and emotional well-being. Critics argue that prematurely introducing sexual themes could desensitize children or lead to confusion about healthy boundaries and relationships.
- Age ratings for books, similar to those for movies, involve assigning recommended age groups for readers based on the content's suitability. This system aims to guide parents and educators in selecting appropriate reading material for children and teenagers. By categorizing books according to age appropriateness, it helps ensure that readers encounter content that aligns with their maturity levels. The debate often centers on whether such ratings are necessary, who should determine them, and how they might impact access to diverse literary works.
- The impact of certain content on young minds refers to how exposure to ex ...
Counterarguments
- Concerns about explicit content in books like "All Boys Aren't Blue" may overlook the educational value of discussing difficult topics in a safe and structured environment.
- The argument that discussing sexual topics in schools could normalize them for young children may not consider that age-appropriate sex education can be crucial for informed decision-making and personal safety.
- Proposing age ratings for books might be seen as a form of censorship and could limit the intellectual freedom of students to explore diverse perspectives.
- The balance between protecting children and respecting parental rights might not account for the fact that not all parents have the time, resources, or expertise to make informed decisions about educational content.
- The concern that a child relating to "All Boys Aren't Blue" implies they have been subject to abuse could be challenged by the idea that literature can be a source of comfort and understanding for those who have experienced similar situations.
- Skepticism about leaving the decision to ...
Learn more
Related Shortform Content
Get access to the context and additional materials
Speculation about replacing Biden as 2024 Democratic candidate
Amidst low approval ratings and questions about Joe Biden's age, there is rampant speculation about whether he will be replaced as the Democratic candidate in 2024.
Biden's low approval ratings and advanced age raising doubts
Speakers across various discussions, including Charlamagne Tha God, have questioned President Joe Biden's prospects for the 2024 election, citing his low approval ratings and advanced age as reasons for doubt. Although specific numbers are not mentioned, the overall context suggests these factors contribute to skepticism about Biden's re-nomination. Charlamagne contended that Biden was never a strong candidate, and others imply that his victory was a result of unfortunate events rather than individual merit.
Potential replacements including Michelle Obama, Gavin Newsom, Kamala Harris
With Biden's candidacy in question, attention has turned to potential replacements. Patrick Bet-David and Adam Sosnick have discussed scenarios in which Democrats might choose a different candidate, such as Michelle Obama or Gavin Newsom. Michelle Obama's formidable influence is reflected in her book sales, and her potential candidacy could benefit from former President Barack Obama's support, whereas Gavin Newsom's candidacy might attract establishment figures like Nancy Pelosi. The speakers also mentioned Kamala Harris, although not directly as a potential replacement. Bet-David touches on the difficulties of replacing Vice President Harris due to potential backlash.
Sosnick suggests that American voters may be skeptical of a ticket featuring Michelle Obama or Kamala Harris, while Bet-David provides counterpoints to this skepticism by highlighting ...
Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary
Speculation about replacing Biden as 2024 Democratic candidate
Additional Materials
Clarifications
- Charlamagne Tha God is a prominent radio and TV personality known for his outspoken views on politics and social issues. In this context, his perspective adds to the discussion by questioning Joe Biden's viability as a candidate in 2024 due to factors like low approval ratings and advanced age. His commentary reflects broader concerns within the Democratic Party about Biden's potential re-nomination.
- Michelle Obama, Gavin Newsom, and Kamala Harris are being considered as potential replacements for Joe Biden in the 2024 Democratic candidacy due to their political backgrounds and influence. Michelle Obama's popularity and connection to former President Barack Obama make her a strong contender. Gavin Newsom's ties to establishment figures like Nancy Pelosi could bolster his candidacy. Kamala Harris, as the current Vice President, is also mentioned, but there are concerns about potential backlash if she were to replace Biden.
- The concerns and skepticism surrounding Michelle Obama, Gavin Newsom, and Kamala Harris as pote ...
Counterarguments
- Approval ratings can fluctuate significantly, and it is not uncommon for presidents to recover from low approval ratings, especially if they are able to address the concerns of the electorate or if external circumstances change favorably.
- Age, while a factor, is not the sole determinant of a candidate's viability; experience, wisdom, and the ability to delegate effectively can compensate for the challenges of advanced age.
- The success of a presidency and the re-nomination of a president often depend on a complex interplay of factors, including but not limited to the incumbent's performance, the state of the nation, and the strength of opposition.
- The Democratic Party has a history of rallying behind their incumbent, and there may be significant institutional and voter resistance to replacing a sitting president.
- Kamala Harris, as the current Vice President, would be a traditional choice for the candidacy if Biden were not to run, and her position may afford her a natural advantage in a primary contest.
- Michelle Obama, while influential, has consistently expressed disinterest in running for political office, and her candidacy remains speculative without any indication from her that she would be willing to run.
- Gavin Newsom, as the governor of a large and influential state, may have his own set of strengths and political capital that could make him a viable candidate, independent of establishmen ...
Learn more
Related Shortform Content
Get access to the context and additional materials
Create Summaries for anything on the web
Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser
