In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, Congressman James Clyburn discusses his research into South Carolina's first Black congressmen after the Civil War. He shares the story of Robert Smalls, who escaped slavery to become the first African American U.S. Navy captain, and describes how Governor Ben Tillman used fraudulent electors to remove congressman George Washington Murray from office.
Clyburn connects these historical accounts to present-day challenges in voting rights and election integrity. He explains how the 2020 election's alternative electors controversy prompted him to revise his book to include both historical examples and current implications. The episode also covers Clyburn's own political career since 1992 and his approach to deciding his future in Congress through annual family meetings.

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Congressman James Clyburn shares the remarkable stories of South Carolina's pioneering black congressmen, knowledge he first gained through his education-focused father who particularly admired these historical figures.
Clyburn recounts the extraordinary story of Robert Smalls, who was born into slavery but achieved remarkable success. Smalls orchestrated a daring escape by commandeering a Confederate ship and delivering it to Union forces, ultimately becoming the first African American U.S. Navy captain.
The congressman also details a significant historical example of election subversion, describing how Governor Ben "Pitchfork" Tillman used fake electors to illegitimately remove George Washington Murray from Congress.
Clyburn draws direct connections between historical voter disenfranchisement and contemporary election challenges. Following the alternative electors controversy in the 2020 election, Clyburn completely revised his book to serve as both a historical account and a warning about protecting democracy. He emphasizes that understanding these historical precedents is crucial for preventing similar anti-democratic tactics today.
Throughout his political career since 1992, Clyburn has faced various challenges, including colorism and being perceived as an outsider in Charleston politics. As he contemplates his political future, Clyburn maintains a family tradition of holding an annual "family summit" from December 20th to New Year's Day, where he and his family will assess his capacity to continue serving in Congress.
1-Page Summary
Congressman Clyburn presents the heritage and heroics of pioneering black congressmen from South Carolina, recounting stories and historical challenges they faced.
Clyburn became acquainted with the legacy of South Carolina's pioneering black congressmen through his father, an education advocate who held a high regard for individuals like Robert Smalls.
Clyburn's father was a stickler for education and deeply admired what figures like Robert Smalls achieved. Through his father's teachings, Clyburn grew to understand and respect the significant contributions of these early African American leaders.
Robert Smalls' incredible life journey from slavery to a position of prominence in the Navy serves as one of the landmark stories that Clyburn highlights.
Smalls, born into slavery, gained experience on the waterfront in Charleston, South Carolina, demonstrating formidable leadership skills. His mother's persuasion allowed him to work there, where he eventually planned his escape. One night, he smuggled his wife onto the ship and navigated it past Confederate lines, surrendering it to the Union forces. His actions not only secured his freedom but also a $1,500 reward and the historical position as the first African American Un ...
Clyburn's "the First Eight": Historical Figures and Stories
Clyburn draws parallels between historical efforts to disenfranchise Black voters and contemporary attempts to subvert elections, particularly in light of the unconventional elector gambit following the 2020 elections. This connection influenced a significant shift in the direction of his book, transforming its purpose from merely recounting historical facts to providing a framework for understanding and countering anti-democratic tactics in modern times.
The 2020 elections' aftermath, featuring attempts to use an alternative set of electors, revealed stark similarities with past election subversion schemes to Clyburn. This realization catalyzed a complete overhaul in the writing of his book, as he felt compelled to recast his manuscript to be more instructive and to serve as a warning and a guide for preserving democracy rather than simply being informative.
Past's Relevance to Current Voting Rights and Election Integrity Challenges
Congressman James Clyburn has been a prominent figure in American politics, facing various challenges throughout his career, including colorism and being treated as an outsider. He's in the process of making a significant decision about his political future, drawing on his family's counsel.
In 1992, Clyburn encountered issues related to colorism and was perceived as an outsider upon his arrival in Charleston politics, described as "a come here, not a been here." Despite these challenges, he forged a long and influential career in Congress, serving his constituents and impacting national politics.
As Clyburn considers whether to run for re-election, he is not making the decision lightly or in isolation ...
Congressman Clyburn's Own Political Career and Decision-Making Process
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