Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > Rep. Jim Clyburn’s new book 'The First Eight' traces the history of his predecessors

Rep. Jim Clyburn’s new book 'The First Eight' traces the history of his predecessors

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, Congressman James Clyburn discusses his research into South Carolina's first Black congressmen after the Civil War. He shares the story of Robert Smalls, who escaped slavery to become the first African American U.S. Navy captain, and describes how Governor Ben Tillman used fraudulent electors to remove congressman George Washington Murray from office.

Clyburn connects these historical accounts to present-day challenges in voting rights and election integrity. He explains how the 2020 election's alternative electors controversy prompted him to revise his book to include both historical examples and current implications. The episode also covers Clyburn's own political career since 1992 and his approach to deciding his future in Congress through annual family meetings.

Listen to the original

Rep. Jim Clyburn’s new book 'The First Eight' traces the history of his predecessors

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Dec 16, 2025 episode of the NPR's Book of the Day

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.

Rep. Jim Clyburn’s new book 'The First Eight' traces the history of his predecessors

1-Page Summary

Clyburn's "the First Eight": Historical Figures and Stories

Congressman James Clyburn shares the remarkable stories of South Carolina's pioneering black congressmen, knowledge he first gained through his education-focused father who particularly admired these historical figures.

Robert Smalls and Historical Political Resistance

Clyburn recounts the extraordinary story of Robert Smalls, who was born into slavery but achieved remarkable success. Smalls orchestrated a daring escape by commandeering a Confederate ship and delivering it to Union forces, ultimately becoming the first African American U.S. Navy captain.

The congressman also details a significant historical example of election subversion, describing how Governor Ben "Pitchfork" Tillman used fake electors to illegitimately remove George Washington Murray from Congress.

Modern Parallels in Voting Rights

Clyburn draws direct connections between historical voter disenfranchisement and contemporary election challenges. Following the alternative electors controversy in the 2020 election, Clyburn completely revised his book to serve as both a historical account and a warning about protecting democracy. He emphasizes that understanding these historical precedents is crucial for preventing similar anti-democratic tactics today.

Clyburn's Political Journey and Future

Throughout his political career since 1992, Clyburn has faced various challenges, including colorism and being perceived as an outsider in Charleston politics. As he contemplates his political future, Clyburn maintains a family tradition of holding an annual "family summit" from December 20th to New Year's Day, where he and his family will assess his capacity to continue serving in Congress.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore your local history by visiting nearby historical sites and museums to learn about influential figures from your area. By doing this, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for the people who shaped your community, much like how Clyburn was influenced by South Carolina's historical figures. For example, if you live in a place with a rich civil rights history, seek out landmarks or exhibits dedicated to local activists and learn about their contributions.
  • Start a tradition of self-reflection by setting aside time each year to evaluate your goals and achievements. Similar to Clyburn's family summit, you could choose a specific period, like the week between Christmas and New Year's, to review the past year and set intentions for the next. This practice can help you stay aligned with your values and make conscious decisions about your future endeavors.
  • Educate yourself on the mechanics of local and national elections to become a more informed voter. Understanding the history of election subversion can empower you to recognize and challenge contemporary issues in the electoral process. You might attend town hall meetings, participate in voter education workshops, or even volunteer as a poll worker to gain firsthand experience with the voting system.

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Rep. Jim Clyburn’s new book 'The First Eight' traces the history of his predecessors

Clyburn's "the First Eight": Historical Figures and Stories

Congressman Clyburn presents the heritage and heroics of pioneering black congressmen from South Carolina, recounting stories and historical challenges they faced.

Clyburn's Introduction to South Carolina's Pioneering Black Congressmen

Clyburn became acquainted with the legacy of South Carolina's pioneering black congressmen through his father, an education advocate who held a high regard for individuals like Robert Smalls.

Clyburn Learned From His Father, Who Admired These Figures

Clyburn's father was a stickler for education and deeply admired what figures like Robert Smalls achieved. Through his father's teachings, Clyburn grew to understand and respect the significant contributions of these early African American leaders.

Robert Smalls: Sixth of "the First Eight"

Robert Smalls' incredible life journey from slavery to a position of prominence in the Navy serves as one of the landmark stories that Clyburn highlights.

Born Into Slavery, Smalls Seized a Confederate Ship, Delivered It To the Union, Earned Freedom, and Became the First African American U.S. Navy Captain

Smalls, born into slavery, gained experience on the waterfront in Charleston, South Carolina, demonstrating formidable leadership skills. His mother's persuasion allowed him to work there, where he eventually planned his escape. One night, he smuggled his wife onto the ship and navigated it past Confederate lines, surrendering it to the Union forces. His actions not only secured his freedom but also a $1,500 reward and the historical position as the first African American Un ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Clyburn's "the First Eight": Historical Figures and Stories

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore your own family's history to uncover stories of resilience and achievement by interviewing older relatives and creating a family tree that highlights notable ancestors and their accomplishments.
    • Start by asking your parents, grandparents, or other elder family members about their lives and the lives of those who came before them. Record these conversations if possible. Use online genealogy tools to trace your lineage and identify any historical figures or significant events in your family's past. Document these findings in a visual family tree, adding notes about each person's life and contributions.
  • You can honor the legacy of historical figures like Robert Smalls by volunteering with organizations that promote educational opportunities for marginalized communities.
    • Research local nonprofits that focus on education and mentorship programs, especially those that aim to close the achievement gap for students of color. Offer your time as a tutor, mentor, or administrative volunteer. By doing so, you contribute to creating opportunities for others to develop leadership skills and achieve their own freedom, much like Smalls did through his waterfront experiences.
  • You can raise awareness about the importance of fair electoral pro ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Rep. Jim Clyburn’s new book 'The First Eight' traces the history of his predecessors

Past's Relevance to Current Voting Rights and Election Integrity Challenges

Clyburn Linked Black Voter Disenfranchisement Efforts to Modern Election Subversion Attempts

Clyburn draws parallels between historical efforts to disenfranchise Black voters and contemporary attempts to subvert elections, particularly in light of the unconventional elector gambit following the 2020 elections. This connection influenced a significant shift in the direction of his book, transforming its purpose from merely recounting historical facts to providing a framework for understanding and countering anti-democratic tactics in modern times.

Clyburn Revised Book After 2020 Alternative Electors' Effort

The 2020 elections' aftermath, featuring attempts to use an alternative set of electors, revealed stark similarities with past election subversion schemes to Clyburn. This realization catalyzed a complete overhaul in the writing of his book, as he felt compelled to recast his manuscript to be more instructive and to serve as a warning and a guide for preserving democracy rather than simply being informative.

Clyburn: Understanding the Past Prevents Anti-Democrati ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Past's Relevance to Current Voting Rights and Election Integrity Challenges

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While historical awareness is crucial, some may argue that each era's unique context requires new solutions, and historical parallels may not always provide a complete guide for modern challenges.
  • Critics might suggest that focusing too much on the past could lead to an oversimplified view of contemporary issues, which are often complex and multifaceted.
  • There could be a counterargument that the comparison between historical disenfranchisement and modern election integrity efforts might overlook legitimate concerns about election security and the need to update electoral systems.
  • Some may argue that the emphasis on historical disenfranchisement could inadvertently overshadow or minimize the progress that has been made in voting rights over the years.
  • Others might contend that the narrative of recurring cycles of disenfran ...

Actionables

  • You can start a personal "Democracy Journal" to track and reflect on current events related to voting rights and election integrity. By regularly documenting and analyzing news stories, legislative changes, and court cases, you'll develop a deeper understanding of how historical patterns of disenfranchisement may be repeating themselves. This practice will enhance your awareness and could inform your conversations and actions regarding democratic participation.
  • Engage with local community education programs by volunteering to create simple, informative handouts that explain the history of voting rights and the importance of election integrity. These handouts can be distributed at community centers, libraries, and local events to help others recognize the significance of protecting democratic processes. Your efforts will contribute to a more informed community that is better equipped to recognize and resist anti-democratic tactics.
  • Develop a habit of contacting your repr ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Rep. Jim Clyburn’s new book 'The First Eight' traces the history of his predecessors

Congressman Clyburn's Own Political Career and Decision-Making Process

Congressman James Clyburn has been a prominent figure in American politics, facing various challenges throughout his career, including colorism and being treated as an outsider. He's in the process of making a significant decision about his political future, drawing on his family's counsel.

Clyburn Encountered "Colorism" and Outsider Status in Politics

Clyburn's Long, Influential Congressional Career Despite Obstacles

In 1992, Clyburn encountered issues related to colorism and was perceived as an outsider upon his arrival in Charleston politics, described as "a come here, not a been here." Despite these challenges, he forged a long and influential career in Congress, serving his constituents and impacting national politics.

Clyburn Considers Re-election, Consults Family to Assess Capacity

Clyburn Considers Continuing; Will Decide At Annual "Family Summit" Around New Year

As Clyburn considers whether to run for re-election, he is not making the decision lightly or in isolation ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Congressman Clyburn's Own Political Career and Decision-Making Process

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Colorism is discrimination based on skin tone, often favoring lighter skin over darker skin within the same racial or ethnic group. In politics, it can affect how candidates are perceived, supported, or marginalized by voters and colleagues. It may influence opportunities, representation, and the challenges faced by politicians of different complexions. Understanding colorism helps explain some barriers Clyburn encountered despite his qualifications.
  • In Charleston politics, being seen as an "outsider" means lacking deep local roots or established connections, which can limit trust and influence. The phrase "a come here, not a been here" highlights this outsider status, implying someone new or not part of the longstanding community. Local politics often values longstanding relationships and historical ties, making outsider status a barrier to political acceptance. Overcoming this perception is crucial for gaining support and effectiveness in such environments.
  • Colorism refers to discrimination based on skin tone, often favoring lighter skin within the same racial group. In politics, this can affect perceptions, opportunities, and support among voters and colleagues. Being seen as an outsider means lacking established local connections or acceptance in a political community. Clyburn faced these issues as a newcomer in Charleston, impacting his initial political acceptance and influence.
  • The "family summit" is a private, annual gathering where Congressman Clyburn and his family discuss important personal and professional matters. It serves as a forum for collective reflection and decision-making about his political career. This tradition emphasizes the role of family support and counsel in his leadership choices. It helps ensure his decisions align with both his capacity and family values.
  • The family summit is a longstanding tradition that provides Clyburn with trusted support and honest feedback. It allows him to gauge his physical and mental readiness for the demands of political office. Family input helps balance personal well-being with public responsibilities. This collective reflection ensures his decision aligns with both his capa ...

Counterarguments

  • While Clyburn's family summit tradition is a unique and personal approach to decision-making, one could argue that such significant political decisions should also involve consultation with a broader range of stakeholders, including constituents, political allies, and advisors, to ensure that all perspectives are considered.
  • The emphasis on Clyburn's challenges with colorism and outsider status might overshadow other factors that could have influenced his political journey, such as his policy positions, strategic decisions, or broader socio-political changes.
  • The narrative of overcoming obstacles like colorism could be seen as simplifying the complex and ongoing nature of such issues within politics, potentially minimizing the systemic changes still needed to address them fully.
  • The focus on Clyburn's long and influential career could lead to a discussion about the benefits and drawbacks of political longevity, including the potential for fresh perspectives versus the value of experience.
  • The decision to run for re-election bei ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free

Create Summaries for anything on the web

Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser

Shortform Extension CTA