Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > ‘Long Way Down’ and ‘The Hate U Give’ are modern classics about gun violence

‘Long Way Down’ and ‘The Hate U Give’ are modern classics about gun violence

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

NPR's Book of the Day examines how authors Jason Reynolds and Angie Thomas approach the topic of gun violence in their novels "Long Way Down" and "The Hate U Give." Reynolds draws from personal experiences, including the loss of a friend, to create characters that explore the psychology behind violence. Thomas discusses how her own background influenced her portrayal of a character navigating between two worlds: her troubled neighborhood and predominantly white school.

The authors share their methods for addressing complex social issues in young adult literature. Thomas explains how she incorporated Tupac Shakur's "Thug Life" philosophy to examine cycles of violence, while also highlighting different forms of activism. Both authors focus on creating authentic characters that move beyond stereotypes, showing how personal experiences shape their approach to difficult subjects in their writing.

Listen to the original

‘Long Way Down’ and ‘The Hate U Give’ are modern classics about gun violence

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Sep 19, 2025 episode of the NPR's Book of the Day

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.

‘Long Way Down’ and ‘The Hate U Give’ are modern classics about gun violence

1-Page Summary

Writing About Gun Violence and Avoiding Stereotypes

Jason Reynolds discusses his approach to writing about gun violence, emphasizing the importance of portraying characters with depth and humanity. Drawing from personal experience, including the loss of a close friend to gun violence at age 19, Reynolds explains how he uses these insights to create multifaceted characters in works like "Long Way Down." Through spectral characters from the protagonist's past, he explores the complex psychology of those contemplating violence.

Personal Experiences Informing Fiction Writing

Angie Thomas incorporates her own experiences of "code switching" into her writing, particularly through her character Starr Carter in "The Hate U Give." Thomas reveals how her time as a student from a troubled neighborhood attending a predominantly white college influenced her portrayal of Starr's dual identities. The novel's catalyst - a police shooting - was inspired by real-world events like the killing of Oscar Grant, addressing how victims' pasts are often scrutinized more than the injustices they face.

Themes of Activism, Voice, and Social Injustice

Through "The Hate U Give," Thomas aims to empower young readers to recognize the value of their voices in activism. She presents various forms of activism, citing examples like Marley Diaz's 1000 Black Girl Books campaign, while using Starr's character to explore the complex emotional responses to witnessing social injustice. The novel examines how communities respond to systemic racism through both protests and riots.

Influence of Hip-hop Culture and Philosophy

The novel's title draws from Tupac Shakur's "Thug Life" philosophy, which Thomas uses to explore how society's treatment of youth perpetuates cycles of violence. Thomas strives to mirror Shakur's versatility in her writing, blending thoughtfulness, humor, and heartbreak to create work that resonates with readers on multiple emotional levels, just as Shakur's music did with his audience.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can deepen your understanding of complex issues by writing short stories that humanize different perspectives. Start by choosing a current social issue you're passionate about, then create characters on various sides of the issue, giving each a backstory that explains their views and actions. This exercise will help you explore the nuances of the issue and develop empathy for people with different experiences.
  • Enhance your communication skills by practicing code-switching in safe environments. Try adjusting your language and behavior in different social settings, such as speaking more formally at a work meeting and then switching to a relaxed tone when with friends. This will help you become more adaptable and understand the dynamics of various social interactions.
  • Empower yourself and others by starting a small-scale book or media club focused on themes of activism and social change. Choose books, movies, or articles that tackle these themes and organize regular discussions with friends or community members. This will create a space for learning, sharing personal experiences, and encouraging each other to take action on issues that matter to you.

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
‘Long Way Down’ and ‘The Hate U Give’ are modern classics about gun violence

Writing About Gun Violence and Avoiding Stereotypes

Jason Reynolds addresses the complexity of characters in the context of gun violence, reflecting on personal experiences to underscore the need for grace and understanding when approaching such subjects.

Jason Reynolds Creates Complex Characters When Writing About Gun Violence

Reynolds seeks to portray characters involved in gun violence as multifaceted human beings, navigating the stereotypes that often reduce such individuals to one-dimensional figures.

Reynolds Sought to Humanize Gun Violence Perpetrators, Exploring Their Complex Emotions and Fears

Reynolds is careful not to excuse gun violence. He acknowledges that although a life lost is irreplaceable, and gun violence remains a severe issue, the young people who become entangled in such acts often have underlying reasons that drive their behavior. He stresses the importance for those on the outside to refrain from harsh judgment and to instead extend grace, striving to humanize those involved.

In his novel "Long Way Down," Reynolds uses spectral characters from the protagonist's past to delve into the psychology and consciousness of those contemplating violence. This not only humanizes the characters but also explores their complex emotions and fears, countering the stereotype that these individuals are fearless or devoid of emotion.

Reynolds Uses Loss of Friend To Gun Violence In Writing

Reflecting on a deeply personal loss to gun violence, Reynolds channels this experience into his writing and calls for a need for compassion.

Reynolds Learns Revenge Impulse, Needs Grace and Understanding

At the age of 19, Reynolds faced the devastating murder of one of his closest friends. This event brought to the fore an inten ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Writing About Gun Violence and Avoiding Stereotypes

Additional Materials

Actionables

- You can explore the complexity of individuals in your community by volunteering as a mentor for at-risk youth, where you'll engage with their stories and challenges, fostering empathy and understanding beyond surface-level judgments.

  • By mentoring, you provide a supportive environment that allows young people to share their experiences, fears, and hopes. This interaction can help you see the multifaceted nature of individuals who might otherwise be stereotyped due to their circumstances. It's a chance to practice extending grace and understanding firsthand.
  • Start a personal journal to reflect on the long-term impacts of your daily choices, mirroring the contemplation of consequences that Reynolds emphasizes in his writing.
  • Writing in a journal encourages you to think critically about your actions and their potential ripple effects. This habit can deepen your appreciation for the weight of decisions, similar to how characters in "Long Way Down" are portrayed considering the long-term impact of their actions.
  • Engage in creative writing exercises where you c ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
‘Long Way Down’ and ‘The Hate U Give’ are modern classics about gun violence

Personal Experiences Informing Fiction Writing

Authors like Angie Thomas draw upon their own lives and the events around them to create impactful stories that resonate with readers across various backgrounds. Through their characters, they explore complex identities and social issues, with the hope of fostering understanding and sparking discussion.

Angie Thomas' "Code Switching" Experiences Shaped Starr's Dual Identities

Thomas masterfully weaves her personal experiences into her narrative, particularly through the protagonist's identity struggle.

Pressure to Conform and Sidestep Stereotypes, Reflecting Starr's Struggle

Angie Thomas's character Starr Carter is entrenched in a life of "code switching" between her home in a troubled neighborhood and her upscale, predominantly white prep school. Starr often feels ashamed of her neighborhood identity and vigorously strives to blend into her school environment. Thomas mirrors this in her own life, having faced code switching attending a mostly white, affluent college while hailing from a neighborhood known for negative stereotypes. These formative experiences shape Starr, as they did Thomas, putting the pressure to conform and avoid stereotypes at the forefront of her existence.

Inspired by Police Killings Like Oscar Grant, Thomas Creates a Catalyst for Her Novel: The Police Shooting of Starr's Friend Khalil

Thomas channels her reaction to real-world injustices into the narrative catalyst for her novel "The Hate U Give."

Victims' Pasts Scrutinized More Than Injustices Against Them

Moved by the police shooting of Oscar Grant and the subsequent discussions that focused more on Grant's personal history than the injustice of his killing, Thomas developed a short story in her senior year of college. This story evolved into her novel, where Starr's friend Khalil is fatally shot by a cop, serving as ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Personal Experiences Informing Fiction Writing

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While personal experiences can enrich storytelling, they may also limit an author's perspective to their own biases and potentially reduce the universality of their work.
  • Characters exploring complex identities and social issues can sometimes lead to didactic or preachy narratives if not handled with nuance.
  • The concept of code-switching, while valid, might be oversimplified in fiction, failing to capture its full complexity and the variety of experiences people have with it.
  • The pressure to conform and avoid stereotypes, as depicted in fiction, might not always resonate with readers who have different coping mechanisms or who embrace their identities without feeling the need to conform.
  • Using real-world injustices like police shootings as inspiration for fiction can be seen as exploitative or sensationalist if not handled with care and sensitivity.
  • The portrayal of victims' pasts being scrutinized could be challenged by those who believe that understanding a victim's background is a necessary part of the discourse around justice and accountability.
  • The emphasis on accessible literature for y ...

Actionables

  • You can start a personal journal to explore your own experiences and how they shape your worldview, similar to how authors draw from their lives for storytelling. By reflecting on your daily interactions, you can gain insights into your identity and how you navigate different social settings. For example, after a significant event or conversation, write down your thoughts and feelings, noting any moments where you felt you had to adapt or 'code-switch' to fit in.
  • Create a book club with friends or community members focusing on novels that tackle social issues, aiming to foster discussions that lead to greater awareness and critical thinking. Choose books that are known for their relatable characters and relevant themes, and during your meetings, encourage members to share their perspectives and personal connections to the story. This can be a space where you collectively analyze characters' struggles and relate them to real-world issues, enhancing empathy and understanding.
  • Volunteer to read and discuss books with young people i ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
‘Long Way Down’ and ‘The Hate U Give’ are modern classics about gun violence

Themes of Activism, Voice, and Social Injustice

Angie Thomas' "The Hate U Give" explores powerful themes of activism, voice, and social injustice, aiming to empower young individuals to recognize the significance of their own voices and actions.

Activism Helps Youth Find and Use Their Voices

Thomas believes profoundly in the power of activism to enable young people to find and articulate their identities and desires in the world.

Thomas Hopes Her Novel Empowers Readers to Realize Their Voices and Activism Matter

Angie Thomas expresses a strong desire for "The Hate U Give" to awaken a spirit of activism in young readers. She wants them to understand the many forms activism can take, pointing to Marley Diaz's 1000 Black Girl Books campaign as an example of how varied and impactful activism can be. Most importantly, through her main character Star, Thomas aims to inspire readers to realize that their own voices have value and can drive change.

The Novel Examines Community Responses To Systemic Racism and Social Injustice Through Protests and Riots

Thomas intends for her novel to draw attention to the complexity and depth of emotions that stem from experiencing and witnessing social injustice, with protests and riots serving as background to this exploration.

Starr's Journey Reveals Comple ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Themes of Activism, Voice, and Social Injustice

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Marley Dias is a young activist known for starting the "1000 Black Girl Books" campaign. This initiative aimed to collect and donate 1,000 books featuring Black girls as the main characters to promote diversity in literature and empower young readers. Marley's campaign gained widespread attention and support, highlighting the importance of representation in children's literature. The project inspired conversations about inclusivity and the need for diverse voices in publishing.
  • Starr is the main character in Angie Thomas' novel "The Hate U Give." Her emotional journey in the story involves grappling with witnessing social injustice and finding her v ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
‘Long Way Down’ and ‘The Hate U Give’ are modern classics about gun violence

Influence of Hip-hop Culture and Philosophy

The Novel's Title Is Inspired by Tupac Shakur's "Thug Life" Philosophy, Central to Thomas's Themes

Angie Thomas' novel "The Hate U Give" derives its title from Tupac Shakur's "Thug Life" philosophy, a central element to the themes explored within her work. Shakur's idea encapsulated by the acronym "Thug Life" stands for "The Hate U Give Little Infants Fucks Everybody," which suggests that the negativity fed into youth impacts the whole society. Thomas's novel reflects on this concept by delving into how society's detrimental treatment of youth kindles cycles of violence, embodied in riots, anger, and frustration. The story unfolds through the protagonist Star's experiences, who navigates the ramifications of such societal influences.

Thomas Aims to Emulate Shakur's Versatility, Blending Thoughtfulness, Humor, and Heartbreak

Hip-hop and Shakur's Work Inspire Author's Writing

Angie Thomas aspires to replicate the multifaceted nature of Shakur's artistic expression in her writing. She aims to incite a range of responses from her read ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Influence of Hip-hop Culture and Philosophy

Additional Materials

Actionables

- Explore the impact of your own actions on youth by volunteering as a mentor or tutor in your community. By engaging with young people, you can directly experience the influence of positive adult interaction and potentially disrupt cycles of negativity, much like the societal influences depicted in the novel.

  • Create a personal playlist that reflects a range of emotions and societal themes, similar to how Tupac Shakur's music and Angie Thomas's writing span different moods and critiques. This can help you understand the power of art in evoking emotions and inspire you to be more thoughtful about the media you consume and its effects on your perspective.
  • Write a short story ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free

Create Summaries for anything on the web

Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser

Shortform Extension CTA