Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > Allison Epstein's 'Fagin the Thief' gives a Charles Dickens character a second chance

Allison Epstein's 'Fagin the Thief' gives a Charles Dickens character a second chance

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In NPR's Book of the Day podcast, Alison Epstein's novel "Fagin the Thief" reimagines the origins of the character Fagin from Charles Dickens's "Oliver Twist." In her work, Epstein aims to delve into Fagin's backstory, moving beyond Dickens' often anti-Semitic portrayal of the character as a one-dimensional villain.

The novel envisions Fagin's upbringing in London's Jewish enclave of Stepney, where limited opportunities propelled many into criminal paths. Through Epstein's nuanced exploration, Fagin emerges as a fully realized individual shaped by his challenging circumstances, offering a more sympathetic understanding of his descent into crime.

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Allison Epstein's 'Fagin the Thief' gives a Charles Dickens character a second chance

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Allison Epstein's 'Fagin the Thief' gives a Charles Dickens character a second chance

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Reimagining Fagin Beyond Stereotypes

Alison Epstein's "Fagin the Thief" Delves Into Fagin's Backstory

In her novel "Fagin the Thief," Alison Epstein aims to explore the character of Fagin from "Oliver Twist" beyond Dickens' stereotypical, often anti-Semitic portrayal. Epstein imagines Fagin's childhood in London's Stepney district, crafting a nuanced, fully realized character distinct from the "calculating, miserly and cruel" villain depicted by Dickens.

Dickens' Anti-Semitic Portrayal and Evolution

Critics Condemned Fagin's One-Dimensional Jewish Stereotype

Dickens was criticized for contributing to harmful Jewish stereotypes through his portrayal of Fagin, frequently referring to the character simply as "the Jew." While initially defending the depiction, Dickens later acknowledged the issues and shifted toward more nuanced Jewish characterizations in his later works, reflecting an evolution in his understanding.

Fagin's Upbringing in the London Slums

Epstein Envisions Fagin Growing Up in Stepney's Jewish Enclave

Epstein imagines Jacob Fagin's formative years in the Stepney Jewish enclave, where limited opportunities pushed inhabitants toward criminal paths. A haunting scene depicts young Jacob witnessing his father's hanging, foreshadowing his own trajectory. Despite his mother's guidance, Fagin descends into crime after her death leaves him bereft of resources, as Epstein explains.

1-Page Summary

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Actionables

  • Explore the backstory of a character from a favorite book to gain a deeper understanding of their motivations. Take a character often viewed negatively and write a short story from their perspective, showing their childhood, influences, and turning points that led to their actions. This exercise can help you practice empathy and creative thinking.
  • Create a character development chart for someone you know, including influences and pivotal moments that shaped them. This can be a fictional exercise or based on real observations, aiming to understand how people's environments and experiences can lead to certain behaviors. It's a way to apply the concept of character analysis to real-life understanding.
  • Volunteer with an organization that works with individuals from challenging backgrounds to witness firsthand the complexities that lead to certain life paths. Engaging with people who have faced limited opportunities can provide a more nuanced perspective on the factors that contribute to someone's choices, similar to how Epstein reimagined Fagin's life.

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Allison Epstein's 'Fagin the Thief' gives a Charles Dickens character a second chance

Reimagining Fagin From a Classic Novel

Alison Epstein's "Fagin the Thief" Offers Complex View of Dickens' "Oliver Twist" Character

Alison Epstein's novel, "Fagin the Thief," revisits the character of Fagin from Charles Dickens' "Oliver Twist," providing readers with a deeper understanding of the iconic figure.

Epstein Aimed to Explore Fagin's Backstory and Motivations Beyond Dickens' Stereotypical Depiction

Epstein’s intent was to delve into Fagin’s past, peeling back the layers of Dickens' original, often anti-Semitic portrayal. As Epstein unfolds Fagin's backstory, she portrays the character's complexities and inherent humanity that Dickens' caricature often overshadows.

After experiencing the loss of his mother, the character of Jacob, who later becomes Fagin, must navigate life in London on his own, without parental guidance.

Imagining Fagin's Childhood in London, Epstein Offers a Nuanced, Fully Realized Character Beyond the "Calculating, Miserly and Cruel" Characterization

Epstein imagines Fagin’s childhood in the London district of Stepney, building out his story from a young age. In her na ...

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Reimagining Fagin From a Classic Novel

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Counterarguments

  • While Epstein's novel may offer a more complex view of Fagin, some readers might argue that it is an unnecessary revisionism that detracts from the original work's historical context and authorial intent.
  • There could be a perspective that Epstein's portrayal, while well-intentioned, might still inadvertently perpetuate certain stereotypes or fail to fully escape the shadow of Dickens' original character.
  • Some literary purists might argue that reimagining classic characters can sometimes lead to a dilution of the classic literature's impact and could overshadow the original narrative and themes.
  • Critics might suggest that while Epstein's attempt to humanize Fagin is commendable, it could also be seen as anachronistic, imposing modern sensibilities onto a 19th-century character.
  • There may be a viewpoint that the exploration of Fagin's backstory, rather than adding depth, could actually reduce the character's literary effectiveness as a symbol or thematic device wi ...

Actionables

  • You can reframe a negative trait of someone you know by writing a short story from their perspective. Imagine the reasons behind their actions and explore their potential backstory, much like Epstein did with Fagin. This exercise can foster empathy and understanding for people who may initially seem difficult to relate to.
  • Create a character diary entry for a day in the life of a misunderstood character from a book or movie you've recently enjoyed. This can help you practice seeing the world through someone else's eyes, recognizing that everyone has a complex inner life and motivations.
  • Volunteer with organizations that support ...

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Allison Epstein's 'Fagin the Thief' gives a Charles Dickens character a second chance

Anti-Semitic Portrayal of Fagin and Dickens' Evolving Views

Charles Dickens' depiction of Fagin in "Oliver Twist" has been historically criticized for perpetuating harmful stereotypes.

Dickens' Portrayal of Fagin Criticized For Anti-Semitic Stereotypes in "Oliver Twist"

The character Fagin from Dickens' classic novel "Oliver Twist" is a source of great controversy, particularly with regard to how he is represented as a Jewish figure. Critics have identified the portrayal as anti-Semitic, criticizing Dickens for creating a character whose Jewish identity is linked with criminality and greed.

Dickens Mostly Referred to Fagin As "the Jew," Contributing To a One-dimensional Depiction

In "Oliver Twist," Dickens frequently refers to Fagin simply as "the Jew," a choice which has been condemned for reducing the character to a mere embodiment of his ethnicity. This one-dimensional portrayal lacks depth and has contributed to persistent stereotypes.

Dickens Defended Fagin's Portrayal but Later Acknowledged the Problem

When Dickens received a letter from a Jewish woman criticizing the anti-Semitic undertones in his portrayal of Fagin, he initially defended his work. However, he later came to recognize the issues with his character's depiction.

Dic ...

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Anti-Semitic Portrayal of Fagin and Dickens' Evolving Views

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Dickens' portrayal of Fagin must be understood within the historical and cultural context of the 19th century, which was marked by widespread prejudices and a lack of understanding about different cultures and religions.
  • The character of Fagin, while problematic by modern standards, may not have been intended by Dickens to represent all Jews, but rather to serve as a character within the melodramatic and often exaggerated world of Victorian literature.
  • Dickens' later creation of a more positive Jewish character suggests that he was capable of growth and change, indicating a responsiveness to criticism and a willingness to correct his mistakes.
  • Some literary scholars argue that Dickens' characters are often caricatures, regardless of their background, and that Fagin's portrayal should be seen as part of Dickens' broader approach to character development.
  • The criticism of Fagin's portrayal may overshadow Dickens' broader themes of social injustice and his critique of the societal structures that lead individuals into criminality.
  • It is important to differentiate between the author's personal views and the narrative voice or characters within a work of fiction; Dickens' own attitudes ...

Actionables

  • Reflect on your own creative works to identify and address stereotypes. If you write stories, create characters, or even post on social media, take a moment to review your content for any unintentional perpetuation of stereotypes. Ask yourself if any character or description might be reinforcing harmful clichés, and consider revising them to present a more nuanced and respectful representation.
  • Engage in active reading to spot and challenge stereotypes in literature. As you read books, especially classics, keep a journal where you note down instances of characters or narratives that seem to promote stereotypes. Write down your thoughts on how these could have been portrayed differently, fostering a habit of critical thinking that can translate into more awareness in your daily life ...

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Allison Epstein's 'Fagin the Thief' gives a Charles Dickens character a second chance

Fagin's Upbringing in London Slums

The challenging beginnings of the character Jacob Fagin are envisioned by Epstein, illustrating how his early life in the London slums of Stepney shaped his destiny.

Epstein Imagines Fagin Growing Up In a Jewish Enclave in Stepney, London

Epstein imagines a young Jacob Fagin's formative years in the Jewish enclave of Stepney, where he is surrounded by a tightly-knit community. However, these close-knit immigrant communities, like the one in which Fagin is raised, tend to offer limited opportunities to their young inhabitants, having an impact on the paths available to them.

Fagan Witnesses Father's Hanging, Foreshadowing His Own Trajectory

A particularly haunting scene depicted in Epstein's narrative is that of Jacob witnessing the hanging of a man, suggested to be his father, marking a significant event that foreshadows his own life trajectory. The implication is that the specter of his father's fate ominously hangs over Fagin's own journey through life. ...

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Fagin's Upbringing in London Slums

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While Epstein's envisioning of Fagin's upbringing provides a narrative for his character, it is important to note that such a backstory is a fictional construct and may not accurately reflect the experiences of all individuals who grew up in similar circumstances.
  • The idea that Fagin's destiny is shaped by his upbringing in the slums could be challenged by the argument that individuals have agency and can overcome difficult beginnings to choose different paths in life.
  • The assertion that immigrant communities offer limited opportunities could be countered by highlighting stories of success and upward mobility that have emerged from such communities, demonstrating that they can also be places of resilience and resourcefulness.
  • The notion that witnessing his father's hanging foreshadows Fagin's trajectory could be seen as deterministic, ignoring the ...

Actionables

  • Explore your family history to understand how past generations have shaped your present. By researching your ancestry, you can gain insight into the struggles and triumphs that have influenced your family's trajectory. Start by talking to older relatives, using online genealogy services, or visiting local archives to piece together your heritage and consider how it has impacted your values and opportunities.
  • Volunteer with organizations that support immigrant communities to directly impact environments similar to Fagin's. By offering your time to tutor, mentor, or provide career guidance, you can help create opportunities for young people in these communities. Look for local nonprofits or community centers that focus on education, job training, or cultural integration.
  • Write a personal refle ...

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