Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > Books by critic Kenneth Turan and actor Rupert Everett show two sides of Hollywood

Books by critic Kenneth Turan and actor Rupert Everett show two sides of Hollywood

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day podcast, two books shed light on the early days of Hollywood's studio system and its larger-than-life personalities. The summary explores the fascinating careers of Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg, who built Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) into a towering studio known for iconic films like "Ben-Hur" and musicals that provided escape during the Great Depression.

Behind the glitz and glamour, the summary delves into Mayer and Thalberg's personal challenges, including the anti-Semitism they faced as Jewish studio heads. It also touches on Mayer's complex relationship with Judy Garland, hinting at a darker side behind MGM's dream factory persona.

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Books by critic Kenneth Turan and actor Rupert Everett show two sides of Hollywood

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Mar 14, 2025 episode of the NPR's Book of the Day

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Books by critic Kenneth Turan and actor Rupert Everett show two sides of Hollywood

1-Page Summary

Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg's Hollywood Rise

Mayer's Journey From Humble Beginnings to Hollywood Mogul

Louis B. Mayer, son of Ukrainian immigrants, transitioned from his father's scrap metal business to the film industry. Despite humble origins, Mayer's business savvy made him one of the highest-paid individuals in the nation for seven years, according to Margo Sanger-Katz.

Iconic Films and Franchises Under Mayer and Thalberg at MGM

1925 "Ben-Hur" Used Innovative Crowd-Building Techniques

The 1925 silent film "Ben-Hur" pioneered extraordinary crowd scenes without CGI by strategically placing props and extras, Kenneth Turan explains.

Greta Garbo's Accented English Was an Asset in Her Talkie Debut

When transitioning major star Greta Garbo to talkies, MGM carefully chose "Anna Christie," which featured an immigrant character, allowing Garbo's accented English to feel natural.

Mayer and Thalberg's Business and Cultural Impact

MGM as the "Hollywood Dream Factory"

Turan states Mayer and Thalberg made MGM a powerhouse known for musicals and epic films resonating during the Great Depression, crafting what he calls the "American Dream Factory."

Films as Cultural Tools Beyond Profit

Mayer and Thalberg saw films as means for positive cultural impact, not just profit, Turan notes.

Iconic Franchises Like Tarzan

Confident in their abilities, Mayer and Thalberg aimed to produce a definitive MGM Tarzan adaptation, ignoring prior versions.

Personal Challenges and Anti-Semitism

Enduring Anti-Semitism as Jewish Studio Heads

The author expresses surprise at the anti-Semitism faced by Mayer and Thalberg as Jewish studio heads, which they largely shrugged off as "business."

Mayer's Complex Relationship With Judy Garland

Garland's autobiography alleges disturbing instances of molestation by Mayer, creating a toxic dynamic despite their professional closeness.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While Mayer was indeed successful, attributing his rise solely to business savvy might overlook other factors such as luck, timing, and the contributions of collaborators.
  • The claim that Mayer was one of the highest-paid individuals might be contested by considering the reliability of the sources or by comparing his earnings to other moguls of the time.
  • The innovative techniques used in "Ben-Hur" could be seen as part of a larger trend in filmmaking at the time, rather than a unique achievement of MGM.
  • While Garbo's accented English was an asset for "Anna Christie," some might argue that it could have limited her range of roles in other films.
  • The idea of MGM as the "Hollywood Dream Factory" could be criticized for glossing over the studio system's exploitative aspects, such as long working hours and typecasting.
  • The view of films as cultural tools beyond profit might be challenged by pointing out instances where MGM prioritized profit over cultural impact.
  • The assertion that Mayer and Thalberg aimed to produce a definitive Tarzan adaptation could be countered by noting that their version was one among many, and its definitive status is subjective.
  • The response of Mayer and Thalberg to anti-Semitism as "business" might be criticized for downplaying the seriousness of discrimination.
  • The allegations of molestation by Mayer could be contextualized within a broader discussion of the systemic abuse in Hollywood, rather than focusing solely on Mayer's actions.
  • The professional closeness between Mayer and Garland could be re-examined in light of the power dynamics at play, rather than simply labeling their relationship as toxic.

Actionables

  • Explore your family's business history to identify transferable skills that could apply to a new industry. For example, if your family has a background in retail, consider how customer service and inventory management skills could be useful in a tech startup setting.
  • Use your unique background as a strength in your career. If you have an accent or a distinctive personal history, think about how it can differentiate you in fields like marketing, where a unique voice can be an asset.
  • Reflect on how you handle adversity in your professional life. If you face discrimination or other challenges, consider whether you're addressing it head-on or if you're treating it as "just business," and then decide if there's a more proactive stance you could take.

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Books by critic Kenneth Turan and actor Rupert Everett show two sides of Hollywood

Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg's Hollywood Rise

Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg rose from contrasting backgrounds to become towering figures in Hollywood, each marking a unique path in the film industry.

Mayer's Journey From Family Scrap Business to Hollywood Mogul

Despite Humble Beginnings, Mayer's Talent and Business Savvy Elevated Him To one of the Highest-Paid Individuals

From an immigrant family originating from Ukraine, Louis B. Mayer began his career working in his father's scrap metal business when he was just 12 years old. His transition into the movie business proved to be a wise pivot as the industry was profitable even in its nascent stages. Mayer discovered he had a natural talent for the movie business; his sharp business acumen and eye for opportunity led to an extraordinary rise. Hi ...

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Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg's Hollywood Rise

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Actionables

  • Explore your family history to uncover entrepreneurial traits and stories that could inspire your own business journey. Just as Mayer's immigrant background played a role in his narrative, delve into your ancestry using online genealogy platforms or by talking to older family members. You might discover patterns of resilience, resourcefulness, or business-mindedness that you can draw upon for motivation and direction in your own career or entrepreneurial endeavors.
  • Start a side hustle that aligns with a personal interest or skill, even if it's small scale, to develop a sense of business acumen. Mayer began in the scrap metal business before moving to movies; similarly, you can start with something familiar. For example, if you enjoy crafting, consider selling your creations online. This will give you a taste of business operations, customer service, and market analysis without requiring a significant initial investment.
  • Volunteer to manage a project or event in your community to hone your talent ...

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Books by critic Kenneth Turan and actor Rupert Everett show two sides of Hollywood

Iconic Films and Franchises Under Mayer and Thalberg at MGM

MGM under the leadership of Mayer and Thalberg produced numerous iconic films and helped stars transition into new realms of cinema.

1925 Silent Film "Ben-Hur" Showcased Crowd Scenes Using Innovative Techniques Without Modern CGI

The 1925 silent film "Ben-Hur" under MGM was renowned for its grandeur and epic crowd scenes. Without the aid of modern CGI, producers strategically placed props and recruited a vast number of extras to create the illusion of a much larger crowd. These innovative techniques resulted in some of the most memorable scenes in film history.

Greta Garbo's First Talkie "Anna Christie" Release Was a Carefully Orchestrated Event

Transitioning from silent films to talkies was a meticulously handled process at MGM, especially when it came to major stars like Greta Garbo. The studio carefully chose "Anna Christie" as Garbo's first talkie, aligning her with a role that suited her perfectly. In the play, the char ...

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Iconic Films and Franchises Under Mayer and Thalberg at MGM

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Clarifications

  • Irving Thalberg was a prominent American film producer known for his influential role at MGM during the Golden Age of Hollywood. Thalberg was recognized for his innovative approach to filmmaking and his ability to nurture talent, shaping the studio's output and fostering the careers of many stars. He played a key part in the success of MGM's iconic films and was instrumental in elevating the studio's reputation in the industry. Thalberg's legacy continues to be celebrated for his contributions to shaping the landscape of classic Hollywood cinema.
  • Talkies, short for "talking pictures," were films with synchronized sound, allowing for dialogue and sound effects. They marked a significant shift in the film industry from silent films to sound films. The transition to talkies revolutionized cinema and opened up new possibilities for storytelling and character development. Major studios like MGM carefully managed the transition of their stars from silent films to talkies to maintain their popularity and adapt to the changing technology.
  • Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the use of computer graphics to create visual effects in movies, TV shows, and other media. It allows filmmakers to generate realistic scenes, creatures, or environments that would be difficult or impossible to film in real life. CGI has revolutionized the entertainment industry by expanding creative possibilities and enhancing visual storytelling. It involves the use of specialized software and powerful computers to render lifelike images and animations.
  • The transition from silent films to talkies marked a significant shift in the film industry when movies started incorporating synchronized sound. Before talkies, silent films relied on visual storytelling without recorde ...

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Books by critic Kenneth Turan and actor Rupert Everett show two sides of Hollywood

Mayer and Thalberg's Business and Cultural Impact in Film

Film historian Kenneth Turan sheds light on the profound impact that Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg had on the film industry, establishing MGM as the epitome of the "Hollywood Dream Factory" and setting the foundation for iconic franchises.

Mayer and Thalberg Made MGM a Powerhouse, Defining the "Hollywood Dream Factory" With Musicals and Epics During the Great Depression

Turan acknowledges that Mayer and Thalberg were pivotal in crafting what he refers to as the American Dream Factory. Under their guidance, MGM became a powerhouse of the film industry, particularly known for its musicals and epic films that resonated with audiences during the challenging era of the Great Depression.

Duo Saw Films As Cultural Tools for Good, Not Just Profit

Going beyond mere entertainment, Mayer and Thalberg viewed films as a means to shape culture and effect positive change in society. They believed that movies had a role to play in the world that was about more than just turning a profit. Their productions were made with the intent to reflect that belief, aspiring to have a genuine impact on the cultural landscape.

Mayer and Thalberg's MGM Tenure Established Iconic Franchises Like the Tarzan Series

These powerfu ...

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Mayer and Thalberg's Business and Cultural Impact in Film

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While Mayer and Thalberg did focus on musicals and epics, it could be argued that their success was also due to the breadth of genres and stars at MGM, not solely these types of films.
  • The notion that films were used as cultural tools for good can be contested by pointing out that the primary goal of a studio is to make money, and any cultural impact may have been a secondary benefit or a marketing strategy.
  • The establishment of iconic franchises like the Tarzan series was significant, but it's worth noting that the success of such franchises also depended on the existing popularity of the source material and the audience's d ...

Actionables

  • You can explore the impact of classic films on modern culture by watching a few MGM classics and then seeing their influence in current movies or series. For example, after watching the original "Tarzan" films, look for themes, character archetypes, or storytelling techniques that have been adopted or adapted in recent adventure films. This can deepen your appreciation for how historical media shapes contemporary works.
  • Create a personal project that channels the spirit of the "Hollywood Dream Factory" by making your own short film or video montage that captures an uplifting or inspirational message. Use your smartphone to capture footage that reflects themes of hope, resilience, or community, akin to the cultural tools for good that Mayer and Thalberg believed in. Share your creation on social media to spread positivity and inspire others.
  • Reflect on the concept of using cultural tools for good by starting a book or mo ...

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Books by critic Kenneth Turan and actor Rupert Everett show two sides of Hollywood

Mayer and Thalberg: Personal Challenges, Controversies, and Anti-Semitism

Mayer and Thalberg, two influential figures in Hollywood history, faced personal challenges, controversies, and societal anti-Semitism throughout their careers.

Mayer and Thalberg Shrugged Off Industry and Societal Anti-Semitism as Business

The author expresses surprise at the level of anti-Semitism directed toward Jewish studio heads like Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg. Despite the prevalence of anti-Semitic attitudes in society and the industry at the time, Mayer and Thalberg endured it and often dismissed or ignored these challenges as a byproduct of conducting business.

Author Surprised by Anti-Semitism Toward Jewish Studio Heads: Mayer and Thalberg Endured It

The endurance of Mayer and Thalberg under the weight of industry and societal anti-Semitism is noted as particularly surprising given their high-profile positions as studio heads within Hollywood. Their ability to shrug off such bigotry sheds light on the personal and professional adversities they faced during their careers.

Mayer's Complex Relationship With Judy Garland Involved Affection and Disturbing Allegations

Louis B. Mayer ...

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Mayer and Thalberg: Personal Challenges, Controversies, and Anti-Semitism

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore the impact of historical biases by starting a journal to document and reflect on instances of prejudice in current media. By actively noting and reflecting on movies, TV shows, and news articles, you'll develop a keener sense of how biases persist and evolve over time, which can inform your understanding of historical figures' experiences.
  • Create a safe space for discussion by initiating a book club with a focus on autobiographies of people who have faced adversity. This can foster empathy and a deeper understanding of the complexities in relationships like the one between Mayer and Garland. Choose books from various backgrounds to broaden the perspective and encourage open, respectful dialogues on difficult topics.
  • Develop a personal code of ethics to n ...

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