Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > 'Bronshtein in the Bronx' is a fictional account of Leon Trotsky's New York exile

'Bronshtein in the Bronx' is a fictional account of Leon Trotsky's New York exile

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In NPR's Book of the Day podcast, Robert Littell's novel "Bronshtein in the Bronx" sheds light on Leon Trotsky's failed revolutionary ambitions in New York City. After igniting the 1905 Russian Revolution, Trotsky arrived in the Bronx hoping to spark a global socialist upheaval. However, the summary reveals his disappointment with American workers' lack of revolutionary fervor.

Exploring Trotsky's shift from idealistic revolutionary to ruthless proponent of violence, Littell dissects how revolutionaries may lose their moral compass once in power. While critical of Trotsky's actions, the author expresses sympathy for his struggles against Stalin, suggesting revolutions inevitably involve "breaking eggs" through violent means once rejected by revolutionaries in their youth.

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'Bronshtein in the Bronx' is a fictional account of Leon Trotsky's New York exile

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'Bronshtein in the Bronx' is a fictional account of Leon Trotsky's New York exile

1-Page Summary

Trotsky's Failed Revolutionary Ambitions in NYC

Leon Trotsky, leader of the 1905 Russian Revolution, came to New York in 1917 aiming to ignite a global socialist upheaval. However, according to the summary, he was disappointed by American workers' lack of revolutionary zeal and preoccupation with incremental capitalist reforms. Instead of fomenting revolution, Trotsky commuted from the Bronx to Greenwich Village to write for a Russian newspaper.

Robert Littell's View on Trotsky

Littell, whose father changed their family name from Litsky due to disliking Trotsky's brutality during the Russian Civil War, examines Trotsky's shift from idealistic revolutionary to ruthless proponent of violence after gaining power. Littell depicts Trotsky's loss of conscience, positing that revolutions necessitate such moral decline.

Littell on Revolutionary Violence and Conscience

While critical of Trotsky's actions, Littell, according to the summary, expresses sympathy for his struggle against Stalin. Littell believes revolutions inherently involve breaking "eggs" through violent means once rejected by revolutionaries in their idealistic youth.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Trotsky's intentions in New York might have been more complex, including networking with international socialists and preparing for his return to Russia, rather than solely trying to incite revolution in the U.S.
  • The American workers' focus on incremental reforms could be seen as a pragmatic approach to social change rather than a lack of revolutionary zeal.
  • Trotsky's writing for a Russian newspaper in New York could be interpreted as a strategic move to influence Russian politics from abroad, rather than a retreat from activism.
  • The change of the Littell family name might have been influenced by a variety of factors, not solely a reaction to Trotsky's actions during the Russian Civil War.
  • Trotsky's shift to a proponent of violence could be contextualized within the turbulent and violent political landscape of the time, rather than a simple loss of conscience.
  • The moral decline associated with revolutions could be debated, as some might argue that certain historical circumstances necessitate radical actions for the greater good.
  • Sympathy for Trotsky's struggle against Stalin could be balanced with a critical examination of Trotsky's own actions and policies during his political career.
  • The idea that revolutions inherently involve violence could be challenged by examples of non-violent revolutions or movements that have led to significant social change.

Actionables

  • Explore the impact of historical figures on your own beliefs by creating a 'Revolutionary Influence Map'. Start by choosing a historical figure you're interested in, like Trotsky, and map out how their actions and ideologies might have indirectly influenced your own views on politics, leadership, or ethics. For example, if you value democratic processes, consider how reactions to Trotsky's methods might have shaped the political systems you support today.
  • Reflect on the moral complexities of leadership through journaling. Write a series of entries imagining you're in a position of power, faced with choices that could compromise your ideals for what you believe is a greater good. This exercise can help you understand the difficult decisions leaders like Trotsky faced and how power can change a person's perspective.
  • Engage in community discussions about the use of violence in achieving social change. Without needing to organize an event, participate in local forums or online platforms where you can discuss the merits and pitfalls of using force in revolutionary movements. This can help you form a more nuanced opinion on the subject and understand the various viewpoints that exist in your community.

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'Bronshtein in the Bronx' is a fictional account of Leon Trotsky's New York exile

Trotsky's Exile and Failed Ambitions in NYC

Leon Trotsky’s brief period in New York City in 1917 proved to be a time of disillusionment and failed revolutionary aspirations for the Bolshevik leader.

Trotsky Arrived In New York In 1917 to Incite a Global Revolution

Trotsky, already notable for leading the 1905 Russian Revolution, came to the New World with the objective of igniting a worldwide socialist upheaval. As a well-known figure wandering Europe for years, his international reputation as a world-class revolutionary preceded him.

Trotsky, a Leading Bolshevik Revolutionary, Led the 1905 Russian Revolution and Aimed to Inspire a Similar American Working-Class Uprising

Trotsky's vision was to cultivate a revolutionary spirit in the American working class that would rival the 1905 uprising he had led in Russia. His overarching ambition was that a revolutionary spark anywhere would catalyze a global movement, with workers from every corner of the planet rising in solidarity.

Trotsky Disappointed by American Workers' Apathy Toward Revolution

However, Trotsky was met with a disappointing indifference from American workers who, in 1917, were more preoccupied with gaining incremental improvements within the capitalist framework. They were more inclined toward better working conditions, like shorter workweeks, shorter workdays, and paid vacations, than towards a ra ...

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Trotsky's Exile and Failed Ambitions in NYC

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Trotsky's leadership role in the 1905 Russian Revolution is often debated, with some arguing that his role, while significant, was not as central as figures like Lenin.
  • The idea that Trotsky aimed to inspire a working-class uprising in America similar to Russia's may be an oversimplification, as the political and social conditions in the United States were vastly different from those in Russia.
  • The notion that sparking a revolution in any location would lead to a global movement might be overly optimistic, as it underestimates the complexity of international relations and the unique conditions required for revolution in different countries.
  • The characterization of American workers' focus on incremental improvements as apathy towards revolution could be seen as a misinterpretation of their priorities and struggles, rather than a lack of revolutionary zeal.
  • Trotsky's time in New York City might have been more influential th ...

Actionables

- Explore historical neighborhoods to connect with past movements and their leaders by visiting places like the Bronx and Greenwich Village, where figures like Trotsky lived and worked. This can give you a tangible sense of history and the environments that shaped revolutionary thinking.

  • Write about current social issues from a local perspective by starting a blog or a social media page. Just as Trotsky wrote for "Novi Mia," you can share your thoughts on societal changes and worker solidarity, fostering discussion and awareness within your community.
  • Reflect on incremental improvements versus ...

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'Bronshtein in the Bronx' is a fictional account of Leon Trotsky's New York exile

Littell's View on Trotsky Connection

Robert Littell shares a personal connection to Leon Trotsky through his family's history, revealing insights into the latter's controversial legacy.

Father Changed Family Name From Litsky To Lutech Due to Trotsky Similarity

Littell's father changed their family name from Litsky to Lutech, distancing themselves from any perceived association with Leon Trotsky.

Father Disliked Trotsky's "Ends Justify the Means" Brutality in Civil War

This decision was in part due to his father's disdain for Trotsky's approach during the Russian Civil War, where the "ends justify the means" philosophy was manifested through brutality in forming and leading the Red Army.

Littell Focuses On Trotsky's Shift to Violence and Moral Decline After Gaining Power

Littell's Depiction of Trotsky's "Conscience" Explores the Shift From Youthful Idealism to Ruthlessness

Littel ...

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Littell's View on Trotsky Connection

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The name change from Litsky to Lutech may have been influenced by factors other than the association with Trotsky, such as immigration processes or a desire for assimilation.
  • Trotsky's actions during the Russian Civil War can be contextualized within the extreme circumstances of the time, and some historians argue that his leadership was crucial for the survival of the Bolshevik regime.
  • The interpretation of Trotsky's "ends justify the means" approach could be seen as a necessary pragmatism in the face of civil war rather than mere brutality.
  • Trotsky's shift to violence might be viewed as an evolution of his political strategy rather than a moral decline, considering the complex and violent political landscape of early Soviet Russia.
  • Some may argue that Trotsky remained ideologically consistent and that his actions were in line with his beliefs about the necessity of revolution and the defense of the Sovie ...

Actionables

  • Reflect on your own family history to understand how past political affiliations may have shaped your family's trajectory. Dive into your family tree and look for any political figures or movements that might have influenced your ancestors' decisions, such as migrations or name changes. This can give you a personal sense of history and how larger events have a ripple effect on individual lives.
  • Analyze the evolution of your personal beliefs and behaviors over time to identify what factors have led to significant changes. Keep a journal where you document key life events and the decisions you made as a result. Over time, review this journal to see if there are patterns that indicate a shift in your values or actions, similar to how Trotsky's transformation was depicted.
  • Create a "conscience check" routine where y ...

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'Bronshtein in the Bronx' is a fictional account of Leon Trotsky's New York exile

The Role of Conscience and Violence in Revolutions

Littell On Revolutionary Change: Breaking "Eggs"?

Littell delves into the troubling nature of revolutionary change, focusing on the violent aspects that often accompany it. He critically questions what happened to Trotsky's conscience and idealism when he transitioned from a revolutionary to someone who was both a killer and brutal. Littell posits that, in such high-stakes shifts in power, even the conscionable may lose their moral compass. He asserts that Trotsky’s conscience eventually abandoned him, and he notes that revolutions, by their nature, are violent endeavors that may necessitate brutal tactics.

Littell's View: Sympathy For Trotsky's Struggle, but His Revolutionary Actions Are Hard to Condone

While analyzing Trotsky’s historical role, Littell conveys his critical stance on the Bolshevik leader's actions following his rise to power. Although Littell acknowledges Trotsky’s terrible deeds, he al ...

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The Role of Conscience and Violence in Revolutions

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Revolutions can be driven by a desire for justice and may not always necessitate violence or brutality; some have been largely peaceful or have minimized violence through strategic nonviolent action.
  • Trotsky's conscience and idealism could be argued to have remained intact, but his actions were shaped by the context of a brutal civil war and the perceived necessity to defend the revolution.
  • It is possible to maintain a moral compass even in high-stakes power shifts, as evidenced by some leaders who have navigated revolutionary change without resorting to brutality.
  • The abandonment of Trotsky's conscience is not a foregone conclusion; some historians argue that his actions were consistent with his revolutionary ideals and the difficult circumstances he faced.
  • The nature of revolutions is diverse, and while some have involved violence, others have been marked by negotiation, reform, and peaceful transition.
  • Trotsky's actions after gaining power can be seen in a different light when considering the existential threats faced by the Bolshevik regime, which may have compelled h ...

Actionables

  • Reflect on your own moral boundaries by journaling about hypothetical high-stakes situations. Imagine scenarios where you're faced with difficult choices that could compromise your values, and write down how you would respond. This exercise can help you understand your own limits and prepare you for potential moral dilemmas.
  • Create a personal "code of ethics" to guide your decisions in challenging times. Think about the values that are most important to you and write them down as a set of principles. Refer to this code when faced with tough choices to help maintain your moral compass.
  • Engage in role-playing exercises with friends to explore the dynamics of power and conscie ...

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