Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > In Ali Smith's 'Gliff,' two children flee capture in an authoritarian near-future

In Ali Smith's 'Gliff,' two children flee capture in an authoritarian near-future

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, host Michael Barbaro and guest Alexandra Sanger-Katz examine Ali Smith's novel "Glyph," which explores themes of authoritarianism, information control, and individual liberty. The novel follows the plight of two young "unverifiables" stripped of their identity by an oppressive regime that manipulates information and censors access to knowledge.

Barbaro and Sanger-Katz discuss Smith's portrayal of the psychological allure of authoritarianism, from its promise of security to its exploitation of our tribal mentalities through slogans and group identities. Informed by Smith's advertising background, their conversation delves into the power of language in shaping perceptions and obstructing intellectual autonomy in an authoritarian society.

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In Ali Smith's 'Gliff,' two children flee capture in an authoritarian near-future

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In Ali Smith's 'Gliff,' two children flee capture in an authoritarian near-future

1-Page Summary

Authoritarian Society's Impact on Individuals

In Ali Smith's novel "Glyph," the protagonists Brian and Rose become "unverifiables" stripped of their identity and rights by an authoritarian regime, Sanger-Katz explains. As children shielded from technology, they are vulnerable yet defiant against the regime's systemic erasure of agency.

Information, Knowledge, and Technology

Smith depicts a regime controlling information to manipulate citizens, Barbaro says. The disappearance of libraries symbolizes society's declining value of open knowledge access, while tech reliance leaves people vulnerable to the regime's information censorship and distortion. Yet the mother's favoring of books over tech represents intellectual autonomy resistance.

The Psychology of Authoritarianism

The novel examines how the human need for order and belonging drives authoritarianism's allure, Barbaro notes. Smith highlights the "tribal" draw of slogans and cohesive identities. Yet characters showcase a range of responses to authoritarian control—from acceptance of its promised safety, to defiance protecting individual freedom.

Author's Advertising Background

Having been a copywriter, Smith understands slogans' psychological power rooted in their "war cry" tribal origins, Sanger-Katz explains. This advertising experience informs Smith's exploration of how language and perception are cultivated and controlled by authority.

1-Page Summary

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Clarifications

  • In the novel "Glyph" by Ali Smith, the term "unverifiables" is used to describe individuals who have been stripped of their identity and rights by an authoritarian regime. These individuals are essentially erased from official records and databases, making it difficult or impossible to verify their existence or identities within the system. Being labeled as "unverifiables" leaves them vulnerable to the regime's control and manipulation, as they lack the recognized status and rights that come with verifiable identity.
  • Smith's depiction of the regime controlling information in "Glyph" illustrates how the authoritarian government manipulates and restricts access to knowledge to maintain power and control over its citizens. This control over information is a key tool used by the regime to shape perceptions, limit dissent, and enforce conformity within society. By showing the disappearance of libraries and the emphasis on technology as a means of control, Smith highlights the ways in which authoritarian regimes can suppress independent thinking and critical engagement among the populace. The portrayal of the mother's preference for books over technology also symbolizes a form of resistance against the regime's efforts to control the flow of information and shape individuals' beliefs and behaviors.
  • The psychological allure of authoritarianism often stems from the human need for order, security, and belonging. Authoritarian regimes can offer a sense of certainty and protection in times of uncertainty. The appeal lies in the promise of safety, simplicity, and a clear sense of identity. Individuals may be drawn to authoritarian leaders who provide a sense of belonging and purpose, even at the cost of personal freedoms.
  • The "tribal" draw of slogans and cohesive identities in the context of authoritarianism highlights how individuals are attracted to a sense of belonging and unity that slogans and shared identities provide within a group or society. This phenomenon suggests that people are drawn to simple, powerful messages and a collective identity that can create a strong sense of community and purpose. The use of slogans and cohesive identities can foster a feeling of solidarity and common goals among individuals, often appealing to their desire for security and a clear sense of belonging. This aspect of human psychology can be manipulated by authoritarian regimes to control and influence the thoughts and actions of the population.
  • Smith's background as a copywriter influences her exploration of slogans' psychological power and their role in shaping perceptions and behavior in the novel. This experience allows her to delve into how language can be used to manipulate and control individuals within an authoritarian regime. Smith's understanding of advertising tactics helps her depict the ways in which slogans and messaging can shape societal norms and influence individual responses to authority.

Counterarguments

  • The portrayal of technology as primarily a tool for authoritarian control might overlook its potential for empowering individuals and fostering democratic movements.
  • The idea that children shielded from technology are inherently vulnerable could be challenged by arguing that such shielding might also foster critical thinking and resilience against propaganda.
  • The disappearance of libraries might not necessarily symbolize a declining value of open knowledge access, considering the rise of digital platforms that can enhance access to information.
  • The suggestion that reliance on technology makes people vulnerable to censorship might be countered by highlighting the ways in which technology can also be used to circumvent censorship and spread information.
  • The notion that the human need for order and belonging inevitably leads to the allure of authoritarianism could be contested by pointing out that many individuals and societies prioritize freedom and autonomy over the comfort of order.
  • The idea that slogans and cohesive identities have a "tribal" draw might be too simplistic, as it doesn't account for the complex reasons why individuals might be attracted to authoritarian ideologies.
  • The assertion that Smith's background as a copywriter gives her unique insight into the power of slogans could be seen as an overstatement, as understanding the impact of language is not exclusive to those with advertising experience.
  • The exploration of how language and perception are controlled by authority might not fully acknowledge the ways in which individuals can resist and reinterpret authoritative narratives.

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In Ali Smith's 'Gliff,' two children flee capture in an authoritarian near-future

Authoritarian Society's Impact on Individuals in "Glyph"

In "Glyph," a novel by Ali Smith, the protagonists grapple with the dehumanizing effects of living under an authoritarian regime that marginalizes individual identities and challenges personal freedoms.

Novel Depicts Regime Marginalizing Individuals

The story centers on characters who face a constant battle for recognition and autonomy within a system that seeks to erase their existence.

Protagonists Brian and Rose Are "Unverifiable," Stripped Of Identity and Agency

Brian and his sister Rose become "unverifiables" after discovering a red paint line encircling their house and camper van, symbolizing their sudden exclusion from society. In the eyes of the ruling regime, they essentially cease to exist. Smith dubs these ostracized individuals "UVs," or unverifiables, emphasizing the complete denial of their societal recognition and the accompanying loss of rights that come with being a citizen.

The characters, particularly the children, are in an especially vulnerable position as they are not tech-savvy – a direct consequence of their mother's decision to shield them from technology. This lack of technical knowledge further marginalizes them within an increasingly digitized world.

Authoritarian Regime Forces Characters to Navigate Shifting Environment Where Rights and Freedoms Are Threatened

Under the regime's rule, Brian and Rose are confronted with a shifting landscape where their rights and very identity can be threatened or revoked at any moment. This constant uncertainty forces them to traverse a reality where they must continually elevate their resilience and adaptability in order to survive.

Characters' Responses to Authoritarian Rule Reveal the Psychological and Emotional Impact

The characters showcase a spectrum of reactions to the suppressive environment crafted by the authoritarian system, providing insight int ...

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Authoritarian Society's Impact on Individuals in "Glyph"

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Actionables

  • You can explore the impact of authoritarianism through creative writing by crafting short stories that depict characters in oppressive settings. Start by imagining a world with strict rules and monitor how your characters develop ways to assert their identity. This exercise can enhance empathy and understanding of the psychological effects of living under such a regime.
  • Enhance your digital literacy by dedicating time each week to learn about online privacy and security. Use free resources and tutorials to understand how to protect your identity and personal data. This proactive approach can help you appreciate the value of technical knowledge in safeguarding autonomy in a digital age.
  • Reflect on your ...

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In Ali Smith's 'Gliff,' two children flee capture in an authoritarian near-future

Information, Knowledge, and Technology in the Novel's World

Within the pages of this novel lies a deep exploration of the tension between the regime's control over information and the pursuit of true knowledge.

The Novel Examines the Regime's Control Over Information vs. True Knowledge

The novel presents a dystopian reality where the control of information is central to the regime's power, using it as a means to influence and manipulate its citizens.

Disappearing Libraries Symbolize the Regime's Effort to Restrict Information

Ali Smith highlights the significant loss of libraries throughout the novel, illustrating it as the loss of free and democratic access to knowledge. This represents not just a physical absence but a symbolic decline in the value society places on unencumbered exploration and understanding, compared to the regime's preferred delivery of mere information structured to maintain control.

Tech Reliance Complicated by Regime's Manipulation and Censorship

The novel unfolds in a world where technology is both a tool for everyday life and a weapon of mass deception. The regime's manipulation and censorship tactics are seen blending seamlessly with technology, depicting the complications of relying heavily on tech that may be tainted by authoritarian interests. This complex relationship between tech and control raises questions about the authenticity of information in a digital age.

Loss of Tradition and Tech Reliance Leads To Vulnerability to Authoritarian Manipulation

The narrative strongly suggests that the societal shift away from traditional means of acquiring knowledge, such as reading physical books, and the growing dependence on technology, has created an environment where people are more susceptible to the regime's manipulation.

Mother's Decisio ...

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Information, Knowledge, and Technology in the Novel's World

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Counterarguments

  • The novel's depiction of technology as a means of mass deception may overlook the ways in which technology can also empower individuals and democratize access to information.
  • The emphasis on physical books as a superior source of knowledge could be seen as a romanticized view that doesn't fully acknowledge the benefits and accessibility of digital media.
  • The idea that reliance on technology inherently makes people more vulnerable to manipulation might ignore the potential for critical thinking and media literacy to mitigate this risk, regardless of the medium.
  • The portrayal of the regime's control over information may not account for the ways in which individuals and groups can and do resist and subvert such control in real-world authoritarian contexts.
  • The narrative's suggestion that traditional means of acquiring knowledge are inherently more resistant to authoritarian manipulation could be challenged by historical instances where print media and books have been used for propaganda purposes.
  • The mother's decision to limit technology could be criticized for potentially disadvantaging her children in a society where technological profi ...

Actionables

  • You can diversify your sources of information by subscribing to a mix of digital and print media from various political and cultural perspectives. This helps you see beyond the echo chambers that technology can create and fosters critical thinking. For example, if you typically read news online from a single source, try picking up a newspaper from a different political leaning or a magazine from another country to broaden your viewpoint.
  • Start a 'tech-free' book club with friends or community members to encourage reading and discussing physical books. This not only promotes the value of traditional knowledge acquisition but also strengthens community bonds and intellectual autonomy. You might choose books that are not typically featured in mainstream media or that offer insights into historical events, philosophy, or critical thinking.
  • Imp ...

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In Ali Smith's 'Gliff,' two children flee capture in an authoritarian near-future

The Psychological and Sociological Aspects of Authoritarianism

The novel delves into the intricate psychological and sociological facets that contribute to the lure of authoritarianism, revealing how individuals may become attracted to or reconciled with its promise of order and security.

The Novel Examines the Appeal of Authoritarianism Driven by a Need For Order, Security, and Belonging

The discussion begins by exploring how the novel illuminates the human attraction to authoritarian regimes due to the desire for a structured environment that promises security and a sense of belonging.

Tribal Origins of Slogans and War Cries Reflect Need for Unified Identity

The use of slogans and war cries in such regimes signifies the human longing for a cohesive identity, one that resonates with the tribal need for an "us versus them" mentality. This inherent craving reflects the psychological aspect of forming a unified collective to fend off perceived threats to the community's well-being.

Seductive Safety of Authoritarianism vs. Individual Freedoms

Ali Smith highlights the seductive nature of authoritarianism, with its offers of safety and structure. Authoritarian regimes provide a set of rules—a code to live by which can appear reassuring when people crave order. This can often seem like a safe option, as there is a sense of 'someone being in charge.'

Authoritarianism's Deep Societal and Psychological Embedding

The novel further investigates how the allure of authoritarianism penetrates deep within the societal fabric, influencing individuals on a profound level.

Characters' Responses to Aut ...

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The Psychological and Sociological Aspects of Authoritarianism

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Counterarguments

  • While the novel may suggest that authoritarianism is appealing due to a need for order, security, and belonging, one could argue that this is an oversimplification and that not all individuals are drawn to authoritarian regimes for these reasons. Some may support such regimes due to ideological convictions, misinformation, or coercion rather than an innate desire for order and security.
  • The idea that slogans and war cries reflect a tribal need for a unified identity could be challenged by suggesting that these are often tools used by authoritarian leaders to manipulate and control rather than genuine expressions of a collective identity or need.
  • The notion that authoritarianism offers seductive safety compared to individual freedoms can be countered by pointing out that the safety provided is often illusory and comes at the cost of personal liberties and human rights, which some individuals and societies may value more highly than the perceived security of authoritarian rule.
  • The claim that authoritarianism is deeply embedded in society and psychology might be met with the argument that many societies have successfully embraced democratic values and institutions, indicat ...

Actionables

  • You can start a personal journal to reflect on your own responses to authority and control. By writing down your daily interactions with authority figures or systems, you can identify patterns in your behavior, such as compliance or resistance, and explore the underlying reasons for these responses. For example, if you notice you often comply with requests without question, you might delve into whether this stems from a desire for security or a fear of conflict.
  • Create a book club focused on dystopian literature to explore themes of authoritarianism with others. Choose novels that depict various forms of authoritarian societies and discuss with club members how the characters' responses to control mirror or contrast with your own. This can help you understand the complexity of navigating authoritarian systems and the value of individual freedoms.
  • Engage in role-playing games (RPGs) that simulate differe ...

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In Ali Smith's 'Gliff,' two children flee capture in an authoritarian near-future

Author's Advertising Background and Its Influence On Writing

The article explores how the author’s experience in advertising has informed her views on language, perception, and the dissemination of information.

Copywriting Experience Shapes Author's Understanding of Language, Slogans, and Perception

Smith brings insights from her advertising copywriting days, reflecting how that time shaped her nuanced understanding of language, especially regarding slogans.

Tribal Origins of Slogans and Authoritarianism Psychology

Ali Smith connects slogans in advertising to a tribal instinct present within humanity, suggesting an innate psychological impact akin to the use of language by authoritarian regimes to control and unify populations. She reveals that the origi ...

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Author's Advertising Background and Its Influence On Writing

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Counterarguments

  • While Smith's advertising background may provide valuable insights, it could also lead to a biased perspective that overemphasizes the role of marketing techniques in communication and underestimates other factors influencing language and perception.
  • The understanding of language and slogans developed through copywriting is just one of many possible perspectives; linguists, psychologists, and sociologists might offer different interpretations based on their professional experiences.
  • The connection between slogans in advertising and tribal instincts could be seen as a simplification of human psychology, which is influenced by a complex array of cognitive and cultural factors beyond primal instincts.
  • The etymology of "slogan" as a war cry does not necessarily imply that modern slogans function in the same way or that thei ...

Actionables

  • You can enhance your communication by crafting your own personal slogan that encapsulates your values or goals. Start by identifying key phrases that resonate with you and reflect your aspirations. For example, if you value continuous growth and learning, your slogan might be "Evolving Every Day." Use this slogan as a personal mantra or a guiding principle for your decisions and actions.
  • Experiment with the power of language by observing how different words and phrases influence your perception of a product or idea. Next time you go shopping, take note of the slogans and language used on products and in advertisements. Reflect on how they make you feel and whether they affect your buying decisions. This awareness can help you become more discerning in how you're influenced by marketing and more strategic in how you use language yourself.
  • Connect with others by creating a ...

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