Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > 'Ruin their Crops on the Ground' tracks the history and politics of food in the U.S.

'Ruin their Crops on the Ground' tracks the history and politics of food in the U.S.

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, Andrea Freeman explores the disturbing history of food being used as a tool of oppression and control in the United States. She examines how depriving marginalized groups like Native American tribes and formerly enslaved people of adequate food sources was a calculated strategy to subjugate them.

Freeman also reveals how current government food programs perpetuate health disparities by providing processed, low-quality foods to communities facing high rates of obesity, diabetes, and other diet-related illnesses. She discusses the powerful influence of corporate interests in shaping policies that prioritize profits over public health.

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'Ruin their Crops on the Ground' tracks the history and politics of food in the U.S.

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'Ruin their Crops on the Ground' tracks the history and politics of food in the U.S.

1-Page Summary

Food as a Tool of Oppression and Control

The US government has historically used food deprivation and manipulation as a means to subjugate and control marginalized groups like indigenous tribes and formerly enslaved African Americans, according to the summary. Settlers engaged in bison killings to strip indigenous peoples of a key food source, forcing them into submission. After the Civil War, the government restricted food supplies to freed enslaved people to compel them to enter labor contracts reminiscent of slavery.

Unhealthy Government Food Leading to Health Issues

The summary states that government food programs perpetuate health disparities by providing processed, unhealthy foods. Indigenous communities face obesity, diabetes, and shortened lifespans linked to the poor nutritional quality of modern government rations. Andrea Freeman discusses how fry bread emerged from limited, low-quality rations, not cultural preference, highlighting how these "comfort foods" arise from policies restricting healthy options.

Corporate Interests Shaping Food Policies

Freeman criticizes US food policies and programs as being heavily influenced by agricultural and food corporations pursuing profits over public health interests. She cites examples like dairy product promotion despite evidence of negative health impacts like lactose intolerance, showing how corporate interests can skew public health messaging.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Government food programs have evolved and now include nutrition assistance programs aimed at providing healthier options to low-income families.
  • Bison killings by settlers were also driven by economic and industrial motives, not solely for the purpose of oppressing indigenous peoples.
  • Some government food supply restrictions post-Civil War may have been due to economic turmoil and logistical challenges rather than intentional oppression.
  • Fry bread has been adopted and integrated into indigenous cultures over time, becoming a part of their culinary tradition despite its origins.
  • Corporate influence on food policy is not universally negative; public-private partnerships can lead to innovation and improved food security.
  • Dairy promotion is based on its nutritional benefits, such as being a good source of calcium and vitamin D, and is not solely driven by corporate interests.
  • Lactose intolerance varies among populations, and dairy is not universally harmful; many people consume dairy products without negative health impacts.
  • Food policies are often the result of complex negotiations and compromises among various stakeholders, including health advocates, not just corporate interests.

Actionables

  • You can diversify your diet by incorporating plant-based alternatives to dairy and meat products, which may help reduce reliance on industries with questionable health and ethical practices. Start by experimenting with one plant-based meal a week, using ingredients like legumes, nuts, and grains, which can be both nutritious and environmentally sustainable. For example, try making a lentil stew instead of beef stew or using almond milk in your morning cereal instead of cow's milk.
  • Support local and indigenous food producers by purchasing directly from them when possible, which can help promote food sovereignty and healthier food options. Look for farmer's markets, community-supported agriculture (CSA) programs, or online platforms that connect consumers with local farmers and indigenous producers. By doing so, you're not only getting fresher, possibly less processed food but also contributing to the economic stability of these communities.
  • Educate yourself on the nutritional content of your food by reading labels and researching the health impacts of different ingredients, which can empower you to make informed food choices. Begin by tracking the foods you consume for a week and noting the main ingredients, especially in processed foods. Use apps or online resources to learn about the potential health effects of these ingredients and identify healthier alternatives that you can incorporate into your meals.

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'Ruin their Crops on the Ground' tracks the history and politics of food in the U.S.

The historical use of food as a tool of oppression and control by the US government against marginalized groups like indigenous people and African Americans

The US government has a long history of using food as a means of subjugation and control over marginalized populations. This strategic deprivation or manipulation of food resources served as a means to exert power and force submission by indigenous tribes and formerly enslaved African Americans.

The US government's strategy of disenfranchisement through food deprivation

The government's actions during the 18th and 19th centuries demonstrate the use of food control as a weapon against indigenous peoples. Settlers and the US government engaged in the mass killing of bison, a primary food source for numerous indigenous tribes, to contain and control those populations. By stripping these tribes of their ability to live independently, the government forced many indigenous peoples into submission and onto reservations, disrupting their way of life and sovereignty.

In a parallel but separate act of oppression, after the Civil War and the emancipation of enslaved African Americans, the Freedmen's Bureau cut off food suppl ...

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The historical use of food as a tool of oppression and control by the US government against marginalized groups like indigenous people and African Americans

Additional Materials

Actionables

- Educate yourself on the current food systems and their impact on different communities by reading books and articles from diverse perspectives, focusing on how food access and security continue to affect marginalized groups today.

  • Understanding the historical context of food as a tool of oppression can be eye-opening, but it's also crucial to recognize how these dynamics persist in the present. For example, you might read about food deserts, which are areas where access to affordable, healthy food options is limited, particularly affecting low-income and minority communities. By becoming informed, you can make more conscious choices about where you shop and what you eat, potentially supporting businesses and initiatives that aim to improve food equity.
  • Volunteer with or donate to organizations that work to combat food insecurity and support food sovereignty for marginalized communities.
  • Contributing your time or resources to local food banks, community gardens, or organizations that focus on indigenous food sovereignty can make a direct impact. For instance, volunteering at a community garden that donates produce to low-income families not only helps address immediate food insecurity but also contributes to long-term solutions by promoting sustainable, community-led food systems.
  • Advocate ...

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'Ruin their Crops on the Ground' tracks the history and politics of food in the U.S.

How government food policies and programs have contributed to health disparities and issues like obesity and diabetes in marginalized communities

Government food policies and programs have unwittingly contributed to health issues such as obesity and diabetes in marginalized communities by providing access to highly processed, unhealthy foods.

Impact of Unhealthy Government-Issued Food Rations

Communities who depend on government rations continue to confront poor health outcomes due to the low nutritional value of these foods.

Indigenous communities are still receiving government rations that largely consist of unhealthy food, reminiscent of the highly processed foods given historically. The current rations are contributing to illnesses in these populations, leading to problems such as obesity, diabetes, and consequently, shorter lifespans attributable to diet-related issues.

The misconception about "comfort foods"

Andrea Freeman discusses the origin of fry bread, a dish deeply embedded within Indigenous cuisine often mistaken as a traditional choice. However, this food came into existence because Indigenous people wer ...

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How government food policies and programs have contributed to health disparities and issues like obesity and diabetes in marginalized communities

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The role of personal choice and responsibility in diet and health outcomes should not be overlooked, as individuals may still make unhealthy food choices even when provided with healthier options.
  • Some government food programs have made efforts to include healthier options and fresh produce, though accessibility and utilization of these options may vary among communities.
  • The impact of broader socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, education, and food deserts, may play a more significant role in health disparities than government food policies alone.
  • There may be cultural factors at play that influence food preferences and practices in marginalized communities beyond the scope of government food policies.
  • The historical context of government rations is complex, and while they have had negative impacts, they were also a response to emergency situations where the priority was to prevent starvation.
  • Efforts to reformulate government food assistance programs to include nutrition education and support for making healthier choices are ongoing and show promise in some a ...

Actionables

  • You can educate yourself on the nutritional content of your food by using a free mobile app that scans product barcodes and provides a health score. This empowers you to make informed choices at the grocery store, avoiding highly processed items and opting for healthier alternatives.
  • Start a small herb or vegetable garden in your home using containers or window boxes to supplement your diet with fresh produce. This is a simple way to increase your access to nutritious foods, even if you have limited space and resources.
  • Create a meal- ...

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'Ruin their Crops on the Ground' tracks the history and politics of food in the U.S.

The role of corporate interests in shaping government food policies, often at the expense of public health

Corporate interests play a significant role in shaping US government food policies and programs, which can often prioritize corporate profit over public health.

Corporate Influence on Food Policies and Programs

Freeman criticizes the US government’s food policies and programs, stating they are heavily influenced by agricultural and food corporations rather than public health considerations. She points out that government subsidies and USDA programs, such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), are structured in ways that benefit these corporate entities disproportionately. This relationship suggests that although these programs are intended to assist the public, they end up serving corporate interests more significantly.

Conflicting Interests and Health Messaging

One vivid example of corporate influence on government food messaging is the promotion ...

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The role of corporate interests in shaping government food policies, often at the expense of public health

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Government subsidies and programs are designed to support the agriculture sector, which is a vital part of the economy, and can also lead to lower food prices for consumers.
  • The relationship between corporations and government can lead to innovation and efficiency in food production and distribution, which can benefit public health by increasing access to a variety of foods.
  • The promotion of dairy products is based on their nutritional value, as they are a source of essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D, which are important for bone health.
  • Public health messaging is complex and involves balancing various interests, including scientific evidence, consumer behavior, and economic considerations.
  • The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has specific nutritional criteria and aims to provide supplemental foods that promote the health of ...

Actionables

  • You can scrutinize the ingredient lists and nutritional information on food packaging to make informed choices about what you consume. By doing this, you bypass marketing messages and assess the health value of food based on its actual content. For example, if you see a dairy product marketed as "healthy," check for added sugars, artificial additives, and the fat content to decide if it aligns with your health goals.
  • Start a personal food diary to track the effects of different foods on your well-being. This can help you identify any negative health effects that may be associated with foods heavily promoted due to corporate interests. For instance, if you notice digestive discomfort after consuming dairy, despite its healthy marketing, you might consider reducing your intake and noting any changes in your health.
  • Engage in community-supported agriculture (CSA) or s ...

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