Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > 'The 15-Minute City' and 'Rethinking Rescue' reimagine existing systems

'The 15-Minute City' and 'Rethinking Rescue' reimagine existing systems

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

On NPR's Book of the Day, the concept of the 15-minute city is explored as a potential solution to urban sprawl and car dependency. Envisioned by Carlos Moreno, the 15-minute city aims to redesign urban areas so residents can access essential services and amenities within a short walking or biking distance from their homes.

The summary examines the historical shift towards car-centric cities after World War II and the challenges faced in implementing more pedestrian-friendly models. While proponents view the 15-minute city as a way to promote sustainability and address climate change, critics perceive it as an infringement on personal freedoms. The podcast delves into the debate surrounding this urban planning concept and its role in shaping the future of cities.

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'The 15-Minute City' and 'Rethinking Rescue' reimagine existing systems

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'The 15-Minute City' and 'Rethinking Rescue' reimagine existing systems

1-Page Summary

The 15-Minute City Concept

The 15-minute city, envisioned by Carlos Moreno, aims to reconfigure urban areas so that essential services and amenities are within a short walking or biking distance from residents' homes. By implementing this model, Moreno argues, cities can reduce car dependency and foster a more localized, community-oriented lifestyle that promotes health and sustainability.

Car-Centric Urban Sprawl

After World War II, as journalist Scott Tong highlights, the popularity of automobiles reshaped American cities into sprawling, car-dependent environments. This shift was driven by individual preferences for private travel, economic interests in the automotive industry, and urban planning policies favoring roads over walkable neighborhoods.

Resistance to Change

Despite its intended benefits, the 15-minute city concept faces criticism from those who view it as an infringement on personal freedoms and a threat to the established car-centric lifestyle. Conspiracy theorists have attacked Moreno, accusing him of trying to control people's movements under the guise of a "climate lockdown."

Urban Planning for Climate Action

Many urban planners like Moreno promote the 15-minute city model as a way to mitigate climate change by reducing reliance on personal vehicles and their associated carbon emissions. Transforming cities to be more pedestrian-friendly is seen as a necessary cultural shift to enable sustainable urban living and address global warming.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The 15-minute city concept, developed by Carlos Moreno, advocates for urban planning that ensures essential services and amenities are easily accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from residents' homes. Moreno's vision aims to create more sustainable, community-focused cities by reducing reliance on cars and promoting local living. This concept emphasizes the importance of proximity, connectivity, and accessibility in urban design to enhance quality of life and environmental sustainability. Moreno's work underscores the potential for reimagining urban spaces to prioritize human-scale development and foster healthier, more resilient communities.
  • Car-centric urban sprawl post-World War II was a significant transformation in urban development characterized by the expansion of cities to accommodate the rise of automobiles as the primary mode of transportation. This shift led to the prioritization of road infrastructure over pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods, contributing to the spread of low-density, decentralized urban areas. Economic interests in the automotive industry and government policies supporting highway construction played key roles in promoting car dependency and shaping urban landscapes. The post-war era saw a cultural shift towards personal vehicle ownership, influencing urban planning decisions that favored individual mobility over community-oriented, walkable environments.
  • Conspiracy theories surrounding the 15-minute city concept suggest that Carlos Moreno's proposal is a guise for controlling people's movements under the pretext of environmental concerns. Accusations against Moreno include claims that he is advocating for a "climate lockdown" to restrict personal freedoms and enforce a more localized lifestyle. These theories often stem from resistance to change and fears of disrupting established car-centric norms in urban environments. Critics of the 15-minute city concept view it as a potential threat to individual autonomy and a radical departure from traditional urban planning principles.
  • Urban planning plays a crucial role in addressing climate change by influencing how cities are designed and how people move within them. The 15-minute city model promotes compact, walkable neighborhoods that reduce the need for car travel, thereby lowering carbon emissions. By encouraging sustainable modes of transportation and reducing reliance on personal vehicles, urban areas can contribute to mitigating climate change impacts. This approach aligns with broader efforts to create environmentally friendly cities that prioritize public health and well-being.

Counterarguments

  • The 15-minute city model may not be feasible in all urban areas due to geographical, economic, or infrastructural constraints.
  • Essential services within walking or biking distance might not be practical for individuals with disabilities or those who require specialized services not available locally.
  • Reducing car dependency could negatively impact industries related to automobile manufacturing and maintenance, leading to economic repercussions.
  • The established car-centric lifestyle is deeply ingrained in some cultures, and transitioning to a 15-minute city model may not align with the preferences or needs of all residents.
  • There may be concerns about the economic viability and affordability of living in a 15-minute city, as property values and living costs could increase due to the desirability of such areas.
  • The concept might not take into account the diversity of urban life, potentially leading to a one-size-fits-all approach that doesn't work for every city or neighborhood.
  • Implementing the 15-minute city model could require significant investment in public infrastructure, which might be challenging for cities with limited budgets or other pressing priorities.
  • Some critics argue that the focus on reducing car usage does not fully address other significant sources of carbon emissions, such as industrial activities or the energy sector.

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'The 15-Minute City' and 'Rethinking Rescue' reimagine existing systems

The 15-minute city concept and its proposed benefits

The 15-minute city is an urban planning concept envisioned by Carlos Moreno to decrease car dependency and promote a local, community-oriented lifestyle, aligning with cultural shifts towards improved urban health.

The 15-minute city vision involves distributing essential services and amenities within a short walking or biking distance of residents

The essence of Carlos Moreno's 15-minute city is the reconfiguration of urban spaces so that residents have access to all their essential needs within a short walking or cycling distance from their homes. This approach means restructuring cities in a way that services such as schools, medical services, green spaces, supermarkets, and workplaces are close enough to make car travel unnecessary for everyday tasks.

This model aims to reduce car dependency and promote a more localized, community-oriented lifestyle

By implementing the 15-minute city concept, the objective is to foster a more localized and community-focused way of life. The goal is to encourage healthier, more sustainable living through increased physical activity associated with walking and biking, and to establish stronger community bonds by facilitating more social interaction in neighborhood spaces.

Implementing the 15-minute city could improve urban health and quality of life by providing better access t ...

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The 15-minute city concept and its proposed benefits

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Carlos Moreno is a French-Colombian urbanist, university professor, and scientific director. He is known for his expertise in smart cities, sustainable development, and urban innovation. Moreno's work focuses on creating more livable and sustainable urban environments through concepts like the 15-minute city, which aims to transform cities into spaces where essential services are easily accessible within a short distance, promoting a more community-oriented and sustainable lifestyle.
  • The "15-minute city" concept, introduced by Carlos Moreno, envisions urban areas where residents can access essential services within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from their homes. This concept aims to reduce reliance on cars, promote community living, and improve urban health by creating neighborhoods where daily needs are easily reachable without long commutes. Moreno's idea involves redesigning cities to prioritize proximity to amenities like schools, medical facilities, green spaces, and workplaces, fostering a more sustainable and interconnected way of life. The 15-minute city model seeks to enhance quality of life by enhancing access to vital services, encouraging physical activity, reducing pollution, and strengthening social ties within neighborhoods.
  • The concept of restructuring urban spaces for easier access to amenities involves redesigning cities to ensure that essential services like schools, medical facilities, and supermarkets are located within a short walking or biking distance from residential areas. This reconfiguration aims to reduce the need for car travel for daily tasks, promoting a more sustainable and community-oriented lifestyle. By strategically placing amenities closer to where people live, cities can enhance residents' quality of life, encourage physical activity, and foster stronger social connections within neighborhoods.
  • Reducing car dependency in urban areas can lead to decreased traffic congestion, improved air quality due to lower emissions, increased physical activity from walking and bikin ...

Counterarguments

  • The 15-minute city concept may not be feasible in all urban environments due to existing infrastructure, city layout, and the scale of necessary redevelopment.
  • Essential services and amenities may not be evenly distributed due to economic factors, potentially leading to inequality and gentrification.
  • The model may not account for the diverse needs of all residents, such as those with disabilities or those who require specialized services that cannot be localized.
  • Reducing car dependency could be challenging in cities where public transportation systems are underdeveloped or unreliable.
  • The concept might not be suitable for cities with extreme weather conditions, making walking or biking for 15 minutes uncomfortable or dangerous.
  • The implementation could lead to increased living costs in the reconfigured urban areas, potentially displacing lower-income residents.
  • ...

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'The 15-Minute City' and 'Rethinking Rescue' reimagine existing systems

The historical context and drivers behind the development of car-centric cities

Scott Tong highlights the profound impact of the automobile on American life, a relationship with the automobile that took center stage notably in the post-World War II era.

The rise of automobiles in the 20th century, particularly after World War II, led to the sprawling, car-dependent urban development seen in many American cities

In the wake of World War II, American cities began to change shape significantly. Cars became more than just a mode of transport; they emerged as symbols of freedom and progress, reshaping the urban landscape.

This shift away from walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods was driven by factors like individual preferences, economic interests, and urban planning policies that prioritized car infrastructure

Tong notes that the transition away from the compact, pedestrian-oriented design of the past was influenced by a confluence of factors. The preferences of individuals for more private and flexible travel, the economic motives of the booming automotive i ...

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The historical context and drivers behind the development of car-centric cities

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Counterarguments

  • The rise of automobiles and the resulting urban sprawl may have been influenced by government policies such as the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which subsidized highway construction over public transportation.
  • The depiction of cars as symbols of freedom overlooks the experiences of those who were marginalized or displaced by the urban planning of the time, such as in the case of freeway construction through minority neighborhoods.
  • The preference for private travel and car-centric development can also be seen as a result of a lack of investment in public transportation options, rather than purely individual choice.
  • Economic interests of the automotive industry were supported by government policies that could have been directed towards more sustainable urban development.
  • Urban planning that favored car infrastructure often did not account for the long-term environmental impacts, such as increased pollution and contribution to climate change.
  • The narrative of progress symbolized by car ownership does not consider the full social co ...

Actionables

  • You can explore your city's history by mapping out the pre-automobile neighborhoods and comparing them to the current urban layout. This activity involves researching old maps and city plans, then taking a walk or bike ride through these areas to observe the differences in urban design and reflect on how car dependency has reshaped your environment.
  • Start a personal challenge to reduce car usage by setting a goal to walk, bike, or use public transportation for a certain number of trips each week. Track your progress and note any changes in your perception of convenience, community interaction, and personal health.
  • Engage with local urban plann ...

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'The 15-Minute City' and 'Rethinking Rescue' reimagine existing systems

The criticisms and resistance to the 15-minute city idea

The 15-minute city concept, despite its intentions to create a more sustainable urban environment, faces significant backlash from critics, including conspiracy theorists.

Critics, including some conspiracy theorists, have attacked the 15-minute city concept as an attempt to limit personal freedoms and impose a "totalitarian" agenda

These critics have fiercely opposed the concept's creator, Moreno, accusing him of trying to control people's movement. Extremists and conspiracy theorists argue that his proposal of the 15-minute city is nothing but a guise for a "climate lockdown" that infringes upon personal freedoms.

This resistance stems in part from the perceived threat to the established car-centric lifestyle and the economic interests tied to it

This resistance is largely due to a perceived threat to the established car-centric lifestyle, as the concept ...

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The criticisms and resistance to the 15-minute city idea

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The 15-minute city concept may not be feasible in all urban environments due to existing infrastructure, city layout, and the scale of necessary changes.
  • The idea could potentially lead to increased living costs within the 15-minute zones, possibly exacerbating socioeconomic divides and gentrification.
  • The concept might not consider the needs of those who rely on cars due to disability or other personal circumstances that make walking, cycling, or public transit less viable.
  • There could be unintended consequences on local businesses that rely on customers traveling from further away, potentially harming the economy.
  • The implementation of a 15-minute city requires significant investment, and critics may question whether the funds could be better spent on other urban improvements.
  • Some argue that personal freedom includes the choice of transportation mode, and any measures that significantly limit car usage could be seen as overreach.
  • Critics may ...

Actionables

  • You can explore the 15-minute city concept by mapping your local area to identify amenities within a 15-minute walk or bike ride. Start by creating a map of your neighborhood and mark all essential services like grocery stores, parks, schools, and healthcare facilities. This will help you visualize how the concept could work for you and identify areas that might need improvement to become more accessible without a car.
  • Engage with your community by starting a conversation about the benefits of reduced car reliance. Use social media or community forums to share your experiences of walking, cycling, or using public transport for daily errands. Highlight the health benefits, cost savings, and environmental impact to encourage others to consider alternatives to car use.
  • Experiment with a "car-lite" week where you commit to using alterna ...

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'The 15-Minute City' and 'Rethinking Rescue' reimagine existing systems

The connection between urban planning and addressing climate change

Urban planning is increasingly recognized as a crucial element in the fight against climate change, with the 15-minute city model emerging as a transformative approach to creating a sustainable future.

The 15-minute city model is seen as a way to reduce carbon emissions and environmental impact by decreasing reliance on personal vehicles

Promoted by urban planners like Moreno, the 15-minute city concept is gaining popularity as a strategic response to global warming. This model advocates for a city's design where every resident can meet most of their needs within a short 15-minute walk or bike ride from their home. By doing so, the reliance on personal vehicles can be drastically decreased, leading to a significant reduction in carbon emissions and overall environmental impact.

Transforming cities to be more localized and pedestrian-friendly is viewed as a necessary step to mitigate the effects of global warming and promote more sustainable urban living

Moreno suggests that adopting the 15-minute city framework is not just an urban planning initiative but also a needed cultural shift. This shift aims t ...

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The connection between urban planning and addressing climate change

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The 15-minute city model is an urban planning concept where essential services and amenities are within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from any point in the city. It aims to reduce car dependency, promote sustainable living, and enhance the quality of life for residents. This approach requires collaboration across various disciplines like transportation planning, urban design, and policymaking to create well-connected and pedestrian-friendly urban environments. The concept has gained popularity in recent years, with cities worldwide exploring its implementation to create more accessible and livable communities.
  • The 15-minute city model impacts carbon emissions and environmental footprint by reducing the need for personal vehicles, which are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. By promoting localized living and pedestrian-friendly environments, the model aims to decrease reliance on cars, leading to lower emissions and a smaller environmental footprint ...

Counterarguments

  • The 15-minute city model may not be feasible in all urban contexts, especially in sprawling cities where distances between residential areas and amenities are inherently greater.
  • Reducing reliance on personal vehicles assumes that alternative forms of transportation are available and accessible to all, which may not be the case in many cities.
  • The model may require significant investment in infrastructure and services, which could be a challenge for cities with limited budgets or in developing countries.
  • The concept could potentially lead to increased property values and gentrification, pushing out low-income residents and reducing affordability.
  • The 15-minute city model may not address the needs of those who cannot walk or bike due to disability, age, or other factors, unless it is inclusive of accessible public transportation options.
  • There may be resistance from businesses and industries that rely on the current urban design and transportation systems, which could slow down or complicate implementation efforts.
  • The effectiveness of the 15-minute city model in reducing carbon emissions may be limited if it does n ...

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