Podcasts > My Favorite Murder with Karen Kilgariff and Georgia Hardstark > 419 - The Butterfly King: A WWII Murder Mystery

419 - The Butterfly King: A WWII Murder Mystery

By Exactly Right

Join investigative journalists Becky Milligan and EJ Kirby as they explore a complex WWII-era mystery concerning the fate of Bulgaria's King Boris III. In this episode of the podcast My Favorite Murder, Becky and EJ recount their journalistic adventures in dangerous conflict zones, laying the groundwork for their exhaustive research into Boris III's story.

The listeners uncover details surrounding the Bulgarian king's precarious position during World War II, as he tried to maintain neutrality while facing pressure from both the Nazis and the Allies. Becky and EJ share insights from archival diaries and interviews with Boris III's aging royal children, who harbor suspicions about their father's untimely demise. Through these sources, a nuanced picture emerges of a ruler desperate to avoid the harsh realities of war.

419 - The Butterfly King: A WWII Murder Mystery

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419 - The Butterfly King: A WWII Murder Mystery

1-Page Summary

Becky and EJ's Reporting Adventures

Becky's Fearful yet Daring Early Journalism

Becky Milligan began her career with the BBC, reporting undercover from dangerous locations like Afghanistan under Taliban rule and the Sierra Leone civil war. While initially drawn to these stories, she later feared for her safety, eventually preferring safer assignments like politics after becoming a parent. In Afghanistan, she secretly filmed women's oppression with hidden cameras, narrowly avoiding Taliban detection.

EJ's Life as the "Angel of Death"

EJ Kirby earned a reputation as the "angel of death", constantly traveling between conflict zones and disaster areas, often embedded with military forces across the globe. Her work put her in the heart of extremely perilous situations.

King Boris III's Wartime Dilemma

Maintaining Neutrality Amid Surrounding Wars

As WWII began, King Boris III of Bulgaria sought neutrality to avoid conflict, haunted by the losses of previous wars. However, Bulgaria's weak state and encirclement by Axis and Allied powers left few options to truly remain neutral.

Criticisms from Both Sides

Becky notes Boris faced an impossible position of needing to appease both the Nazis and Allies. He was seen as a traitor by some for cooperating with Germany, but also a savior to others for protecting the Jewish Bulgarian population. His legacy remains polarizing today.

Creating "The Butterfly King" Podcast

Discovering Boris III's Obscure Story

Becky discovered King Boris III's largely unknown WWII story in her late father's books. Intrigued, she began investigating further, overcoming challenges to earn the aging royal children's trust through their shared personal rapport.

Extensive Research into Boris III's Life

Through archival diaries and interviews, a nuanced, conflicted picture emerged of a king desperate to avoid war, criticized heavily yet regretted by observers. His children suspect he may have been murdered.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Becky Milligan, a journalist, covered stories in risky places like Afghanistan and Sierra Leone. In Afghanistan, she used hidden cameras to document women's oppression under Taliban rule. Her experiences in these dangerous locations shaped her career and approach to reporting.
  • EJ Kirby earned the nickname "angel of death" due to her frequent presence in dangerous conflict zones and disaster areas. She was known for her courageous reporting style, often embedded with military forces to cover stories from the heart of perilous situations. Kirby's work involved traveling extensively to areas of conflict worldwide, where she faced significant risks to bring attention to these critical issues. Her reporting focused on shedding light on the realities of war and its impact on communities caught in the midst of violence.
  • King Boris III of Bulgaria sought neutrality during WWII due to the country's vulnerable position surrounded by Axis and Allied powers. Despite his efforts to maintain peace, Bulgaria's geographical location and political pressures made true neutrality challenging. Boris faced criticism for his decisions to cooperate with Germany while also being praised for protecting the Jewish population in Bulgaria. His stance during the war remains a subject of debate and controversy among historians and the public.
  • King Boris III of Bulgaria faced criticisms for cooperating with Germany during World War II due to his decision to align Bulgaria with the Axis powers. This cooperation included allowing German troops to pass through Bulgaria and participating in the invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece. Many Bulgarians viewed this alignment as a betrayal of their national interests and values, leading to significant backlash and accusations of collaboration with the Nazis.
  • King Boris III of Bulgaria faced conflicting views due to his actions during World War II. Some saw him as a traitor for cooperating with the Nazis, while others viewed him as a savior for protecting the Jewish population in Bulgaria. This duality in perception has led to a polarizing legacy for King Boris III, with ongoing debates about his decisions and their impact during a tumultuous period in history.
  • Becky Milligan discovered King Boris III's WWII story in her late father's books, sparking her interest in investigating further. This discovery led her to delve into archival diaries and conduct interviews to uncover the nuanced and conflicted life of the king during that period. Through this research, she uncovered details about Boris III's actions and decisions during WWII that were previously unknown to her, shedding light on his complex legacy.
  • King Boris III's life, as revealed through extensive research, portrays a complex figure grappling with the challenges of maintaining neutrality during WWII while facing pressure from both the Axis and Allied powers. The research sheds light on his difficult decisions, such as cooperating with Germany to protect his country and people, which led to contrasting views of him as both a traitor and a savior. This nuanced portrayal highlights the intricate political landscape Boris navigated and the conflicting interpretations of his actions and legacy.

Counterarguments

  • While Becky Milligan's shift from high-risk to safer assignments is understandable, it could be argued that such a transition might lead to less impactful journalism, as high-risk assignments often uncover critical issues that are not visible in safer environments.
  • The portrayal of EJ Kirby as the "angel of death" could be seen as glamorizing what is essentially a very dangerous and potentially traumatic profession.
  • King Boris III's efforts to maintain neutrality during WWII might be criticized for being ineffective or for inadvertently aiding the Axis powers by not actively opposing them.
  • The notion that Boris III was a savior for protecting the Jewish Bulgarian population could be challenged by arguing that more proactive measures could have been taken or that his actions were motivated by political pragmatism rather than altruism.
  • The legacy of King Boris III being polarizing does not necessarily mean that the criticisms and praises are equally valid; historical context and outcomes may lend more weight to one side of the argument.
  • The suspicion that Boris III may have been murdered is a serious claim that requires substantial evidence, and without it, such suspicions could be seen as speculative and potentially disrespectful to the historical figure's memory.
  • Becky's discovery of King Boris III's story in her father's books and her subsequent investigation could be critiqued for potentially lacking objectivity, as personal connections and narratives may influence the portrayal of historical events.

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419 - The Butterfly King: A WWII Murder Mystery

Becky and EJ's journalism careers and experiences reporting from dangerous locations

Becky Milligan and EJ Kirby have extensive backgrounds as BBC journalists, with careers marked by assignments in hazardous locales and reporting under perilous circumstances.

Becky and EJ share their extensive backgrounds as BBC journalists

Their careers reflect a deep commitment to journalism and a willingness to confront danger in order to report the truth.

Becky's experience reporting from Afghanistan and Sierra Leone, initially drawn to stories but later fearful for her safety

Becky began her career in newspapers and eventually moved to the BBC, where she focused on foreign news, politics, and investigative reporting. She recounts being initially drawn to covering stories in Afghanistan as the Taliban were taking power in 1999, an experience she describes as scary, particularly while working undercover. Further, her frightening experiences during Sierra Leone's Civil War led her to question the risks she took for journalism, eventually leading her to prefer safer assignments, such as politics, especially after becoming a parent.

EJ's reputation as the "angel of death", covering disasters and conflicts across the globe, often embedded with military forces

EJ Kirby, described as a "one trick pony" within the context of their discussion, seems to have a reputation as an "angel of death", having covered disasters and conflicts globally. Her work entailed constant travel, sometimes visiting different countries three times a week, suggesting a career embedded in the heart of conflicts and disaster areas.

Harrowing accounts of their undercover reporting in Afghanistan under Taliban rule

Becky Milligan, during her time with the BBC program Newsnight, secretly filmed using hidden cameras and set up discreet interviews, capturing the plight of women living under Taliban rule.

Narrow escapes from Taliban patrols and searches at the airport

Detailing her experiences, she recalls the danger of being stopped by the Taliban while traveling over the Kaibah Pass, hiding in the ba ...

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Becky and EJ's journalism careers and experiences reporting from dangerous locations

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • EJ Kirby's reputation as the "angel of death" stems from her extensive experience covering disasters and conflicts worldwide, often being embedded with military forces and reporting from the frontlines of dangerous situations. This nickname suggests a fearless and relentless approach to journalism in high-risk environments, where she has gained a reputation for her willingness to confront perilous circumstances to bring important stories to light.
  • Becky Milligan began her journalism career in newspapers before transitioning to the BBC, where she focused on foreign news, politics, and investigative reporting. She covered stories in Afghanistan during the Taliban's rise to power in 1999 and reported from Sierra Leone during its Civil War, facing personal danger and questioning the risks involved in her work. Her experiences in these hazardous environments shaped her approach to journalism and influenced her preference for safer assignments later in her career.
  • Becky's work on foreign news involved covering events and stories outside her home country. Her focus on politics meant she reported on governmental activities, policies, and political figures. In investigative reporting, she delved deep into uncovering hidden truths, exposing corruption, and revealing information not easily accessible through regular news channels.
  • Becky Milligan engaged in undercover reporting in Afghanistan during the Taliban rule, using hidden cameras and discreet interviews to document the challenges faced by women under Taliban governance. She took significant risks to capture these stories, including narrowly escaping detection by Taliban patrols and facing dangers during airport searches. Becky's work shed light on the oppression of Afghan women, highlighting the dangers and importance of reporting from war zones.
  • Becky Milligan and EJ Kirby faced significant risks and challenges as BBC journalists reporting from dangerous locations. Becky's experiences in Afghanistan and Sierra Leone involved undercover work, facing dangers like being stopped by the Taliban and hi ...

Counterarguments

...

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419 - The Butterfly King: A WWII Murder Mystery

The story of King Boris III of Bulgaria and his actions during World's War II

EJ Kirby discusses the challenging reign of King Boris III of Bulgaria during the Second World War, examining the monarch's efforts to avoid conflict and his controversial actions and decisions.

King Boris III's efforts to maintain Bulgaria's neutrality and avoid involvement in the Second World War

King Boris III had a deep aversion to war, having witnessed the Balkan Wars and the First World War, which caused immense suffering and casualties. When he came to the throne, he made a solemn vow to never send Bulgarian soldiers into battle.

Boris's promise to never send Bulgarian soldiers into battle, haunted by the country's losses in previous wars

King Boris III’s disdain for war was profound, having seen firsthand the devastation it brought to his country and people. He pledged to avoid military engagement and to spare Bulgaria and its citizens the horrors of war.

Bulgaria's precarious geopolitical position, surrounded by Axis and Allied powers

Bulgaria's geopolitical situation during World War II was especially precarious, surrounded by Axis powers like Romania, which was occupied by the Nazis, and Greece, under Italian control. Boris had to navigate this challenging landscape carefully to maintain Bulgaria's sovereignty and peace.

King Boris's controversial actions and decisions during the war

The legacy of King Boris III is a subject of division within Bulgaria even now. Different perspectives abound regarding his leadership and decisions during the war.

Criticisms of Boris's cooperation with the Nazis to avoid Bulgarian destruction

King Boris III is criticized by some for his cooperation with the Nazis. Kirby underscores that many in Bulgaria remain conflicted about Boris's reign, debating whether his policies were a capitulat ...

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The story of King Boris III of Bulgaria and his actions during World's War II

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Bulgaria initially signed a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1941 but did not officially join the Axis powers until 1941. The country participated in the invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece in 1941. King Boris III sought to balance Bulgaria's interests amidst pressure from both the Axis and Allied powers during World War II.
  • The Balkan Wars were a series of conflicts in the Balkan Peninsula from 1912 to 1913, involving Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro, leading to territorial changes and casualties. The First World War, from 1914 to 1918, saw Bulgaria aligning with the Central Powers and suffering significant losses, impacting its economy and population. These wars left a deep imprint on Bulgaria, shaping King Boris III's aversion to further military engagements.
  • King Boris III of Bulgaria maintained a complex relationship with Nazi Germany during World War II. While he initially resisted aligning Bulgaria with the Axis powers, political pressures eventually led to Bulgaria joining the Tripartite Pact. Boris sought to protect Bulgarian interests and sovereignty while navigating the demands of the Nazis. His cooperation with the Nazis included allowing the transit of German troops through Bulgaria and enacting anti-Jewish measures, although the extent of his collaboration remains a topic of hi ...

Counterarguments

  • King Boris III's vow to avoid battle may have been more pragmatic than purely pacifistic, considering the limited military resources and the geopolitical pressures of the time.
  • While Boris sought to maintain neutrality, his actions could be seen as opportunistic, aligning with Axis powers when it benefited Bulgaria, such as gaining territories like Macedonia and Thrace.
  • Cooperation with the Nazis, even if aimed at preserving Bulgaria, could be viewed as a moral compromise that undermined the country's sovereignty and contributed to the broader war effort.
  • The protection of the Bulgarian Jewish population, while notable, was not absolute; Bulgarian Jews from newly annexed territories were deported, and anti-Semitic laws were enacted, sugges ...

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419 - The Butterfly King: A WWII Murder Mystery

Becky and EJ's process of creating the podcast "The Butterfly King"

Becky Milligan and EJ Kirby embarked on a journey to unravel the intricate story of King Boris III through their podcast "The Butterfly King," confronting emotional, investigative, and research-oriented challenges along the way.

Discovering the little-known story of King Boris III through Becky's father's book collection

The seed for "The Butterfly King" was planted when Becky Milligan discovered a book titled "Hitler and the King" by John Hall Spencer in her late father's collection. This book shed light on the actions of King Boris III of Bulgaria during World War II; a subject about which Becky was uninformed. Fascinated by Bulgaria's obscure and compelling history, she was inspired to delve deeper into the king's life and legacy, unpacking a tale ripe for the podcast format.

Overcoming challenges to interview King Boris III's elderly children

Despite initial silence following her outreach efforts, Becky managed to secure a brief interview with King Simeon's representative, which eventually led to more in-depth discussions regarding King Simeon's father. Amidst the backdrop of COVID, Becky and EJ navigated the intricacies of royal trust and rapport. With shared lighthearted moments, Princess Maria Louisa warmed to the hosts, extending an invitation to visit under less committed circumstances. The personal call EJ received from the princess while in France signaled a significant emotional connection formed throughout the process.

Extensive research in archives and interviews to uncover the truth about King Boris III's legacy

Determined to discover the truth behind King Boris III and to grasp his true nature, Becky and EJ immersed themselves in archival research. They dug into contrasting historical accounts, including the detailed diaries of a former ambassador and a figure referred to as a "spy." The diaries offered a blend of personally tinged insights, intimate perceptions, and occasionally "bitchy" complaints about Bulgarian culinary offerings.

Throughout their conversations with King Boris III's children, a picture of a jovial and caring father emerged, one who relished storytelling and spending joyful time with his offspring. This intimate knowledge only amplified the hosts' resolve to ask the hard questions and to ...

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Becky and EJ's process of creating the podcast "The Butterfly King"

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • King Boris III of Bulgaria reigned from 1918 until his death in 1943. He faced challenges during World War II, aligning Bulgaria with Nazi Germany but also resisting some of their demands. His mysterious death at the age of 49 has sparked various theories and controversies. King Boris III's legacy is complex, with differing perspectives on his actions and motivations during his reign.
  • Becky faced initial difficulties in securing interviews with King Boris III's elderly children. Despite these challenges, she eventually managed to establish rapport and conduct in-depth discussions with them, navigating the complexities of royal trust and personal connections. Princess Maria Louisa, one of King Boris III's children, particularly warmed up to the hosts, showcasing a significant emotional bond that developed throughout the process. The personal call from the princess to EJ in France highlighted the depth of the relationship forged during their interactions.
  • The mention of contrasting historical accounts and diaries in the text alludes to the diverse perspectives and records su ...

Counterarguments

...

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419 - The Butterfly King: A WWII Murder Mystery

The challenges and complexities of King Boris III's role during WWII, as Bulgaria was caught between the Nazis and the Allies

Becky Milligan presents a podcast that explores the intricate and contentious role of King Boris III of Bulgaria during World War II, reflecting a time when the nation grappled with its alliance choices.

Bulgaria's weakened state after WWI, stripped of military power and territory

After Queen Victoria's long rule, Bulgaria suffered heavy penalties following the First World War. Considered to be on the losing side, Bulgaria was stripped of territory and was denied the right to maintain an army. The nation strived for neutrality as WWII escalated but was hindered by its economic dependence on Germany and the geopolitical pressures it faced.

Lack of options to truly remain neutral as the war escalated

Participants in the podcast discuss the challenges King Boris faced as neutrality became nearly impossible. Living in a region surrounded by adversaries and criticized for actions from multiple sides, Boris was caught in a situation where he could receive dishonor regardless of his decisions.

Impossible position Boris faced, needing to appease both the Nazis and the Allies

King Boris III was criticized as a traitor by some and celebrated as a savior by others, a testament to the no-win situation he faced trying to appease both the Axis and Allied powers. Becky Milligan speaks about the polarizing and emotional reactions to King Boris’s legacy, indicating that his actions and the reasons behind them remain hotly debated even today.

Criticisms from both sides, seen as a traitor by some, a savior by others

King Boris III was often placed in a position where "he couldn't do right for doing wrong." Whether through the lens of a dishonored leader or a political puppet, Boris’s actions seemed destined to be met with significant opposition and critique from various quarters.

Lingering mysteries and unanswered questions about Boris's ultimate fate and motivations

There are many unanswered questions and mysteries regarding King Boris III's fate. King Boris’s children, particularly King Simeon's children, are portrayed as having an enduring ache in their heart when it comes to their father's end, desperate to know the truth about whe ...

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The challenges and complexities of King Boris III's role during WWII, as Bulgaria was caught between the Nazis and the Allies

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • King Boris III of Bulgaria faced a challenging position during WWII, caught between the Axis and Allied powers. He tried to navigate Bulgaria's interests while facing pressure from both sides. His decisions and actions during this time remain a subject of debate and scrutiny due to the complexities of the geopolitical landscape and Bulgaria's circumstances during the war.
  • Bulgaria faced challenges during WWII due to its weakened state after WWI, economic ties with Germany, and geopolitical pressures. King Boris III struggled to maintain neutrality as Bulgaria was caught between the Axis and Allied powers. His decisions were criticized by both sides, leading to complex and polarizing reactions to his actions.
  • Bulgaria faced challenges during WWII due to its strategic location and economic ties with Germany, making true neutrality difficult. King Boris III navigated a delicate balance between appeasing the Axis powers and avoiding conflict with the Allies. The nation's alliance choices were influenced by geopolitical pressures, economic dependencies, and the need to maintain some level of sovereignty amidst the chaos of the war. Bulgaria's position was further complicated by its historical context of territorial losses and the desire to regain lost territories.
  • After World War I, Bulgaria faced severe consequences as it was considered to be on the losing side. The Treaty of Neuilly in 1919 stripped Bulgaria of territory, limited its military capabilities, and imposed heavy reparations, leading to economic hardship and political instability in the country. These post-war conditions left Bulgaria in a weakened state, struggling to rebuild and assert its independence amidst the shifting alliances and power dynamics of Europe.
  • King Boris III faced criticisms due to his attempts to navigate Bulgaria's position between the Axis and Allied powers during WWII, leading to accusations of betrayal from both sides. His decisions were seen as compromising Bulgaria's sovereignty and aligning with Nazi Germany's interests, while also failing to fully support the Allied cause. This balancing act left him vulnerable to scrutiny and condemnation, with many questioning his motives and loyalties amidst the complex geopolitical landscape of the time.
  • King Boris III's fate and motivations remain shrouded in mystery due to conflicting historical accounts and unanswered questions about ...

Counterarguments

  • Bulgaria's alliance with the Axis powers was a strategic choice rather than merely a result of economic dependence or geopolitical pressure.
  • King Boris III's actions could be interpreted as those of a pragmatic leader prioritizing national survival over idealistic neutrality.
  • The view of Boris as a traitor or a savior is overly simplistic and does not account for the complex nature of wartime leadership and diplomacy.
  • The mysteries surrounding Boris's fate and motivations may be less about external factors and more about the internal politics of Bulgaria at the time.
  • The archival evidence that suggests a nuance ...

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