Podcasts > Money Rehab with Nicole Lapin > Step-by-Step Guide for Making Your First Investment

Step-by-Step Guide for Making Your First Investment

By Money News Network

In this episode of the Money Rehab podcast, Nicole Lapin provides a step-by-step guide for making your first investment. She covers the basics of opening a brokerage account, from selecting a platform to funding the account. Lapin then walks through the investment process, explaining how to search for stocks or bonds and place orders to buy shares.

The episode outlines different ways to profit from investments, including earning dividends and generating capital gains. Lapin also offers recommendations, highlighting the user-friendly features of the brokerage app Public and suggesting portfolio guidelines for investing in bonds. By the end, listeners will have a practical understanding of how to begin investing and start building wealth.

Step-by-Step Guide for Making Your First Investment

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Step-by-Step Guide for Making Your First Investment

1-Page Summary

Opening a Brokerage Account

A brokerage account allows you to buy and sell stocks, bonds, and other securities. When selecting a brokerage, consider features like fractional shares, robo-advisors, and account minimums. Opening an account requires personal info and funding it through bank transfer, wire, or check.

Making Your First Investment

Once funded, search for an investment's ticker symbol (e.g. VOO for the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF). Place a market order to buy at the current price, or a limit order to set a maximum price. Transactions take a few days to settle, with money held in an interest-earning settlement fund.

Ways to Profit

Investments can generate income through dividends, regular cash payments made by companies to shareholders. But the primary way to profit is through capital gains—selling an asset for more than the purchase price. The longer you hold investments, the more they can potentially appreciate.

Investment Recommendations

The brokerage app Public offers user-friendly features like fractional investing and straightforward bond trading. Nicole Lapin recommends Public for its sophisticated interface, allowing users to build diversified portfolios efficiently. When investing in bonds, a general guideline is to allocate an amount equal to your age.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Fractional shares represent a portion of a whole share, allowing investors to own a fraction of a stock rather than a full share. This enables investors to buy into expensive stocks with limited funds. Fractional shares are particularly useful for diversifying portfolios and investing in high-priced stocks without needing to purchase a whole share.
  • Robo-advisors are automated financial advisors that provide online investment management services with minimal human intervention. They use algorithms to offer personalized investment advice based on factors like risk tolerance and financial goals. Robo-advisors have democratized wealth management by making investment services more accessible and cost-effective for a wider audience. These platforms automatically allocate and manage clients' assets according to their preferences and objectives.
  • A ticker symbol is a unique abbreviation used to identify publicly traded shares of a stock on a stock market. It is a short arrangement of characters, often letters or numbers, that represents a specific asset or security. Ticker symbols are designed to be easily recognizable by traders and investors and are specific to each stock exchange. In the US, stock tickers are typically between 1 and 4 letters and aim to represent the company name where possible.
  • A market order is an instruction to buy or sell a security at the best available price in the market. It prioritizes speed of execution over price and guarantees that the order will be filled, but not the exact price. Market orders are typically executed quickly, especially for highly liquid securities like large-cap stocks.
  • A limit order is an instruction to buy or sell an asset at a specific price or better. It allows investors to control the price at which a trade is executed. If the market price reaches the specified limit price, the order will be triggered. This type of order provides more control over the execution price compared to a market order.
  • A settlement fund is a temporary holding account within a brokerage where money is kept during the period between a trade's execution and its final settlement. It is used to ensure that funds are available for transactions and to earn interest while awaiting completion. This fund is separate from the actual investment account and is where money is held before being used to buy securities or withdrawn. The settlement process typically takes a few days to complete, during which time the funds are held in this account.
  • A capital gain is the profit made from selling an asset for more than its original purchase price. It is a key way investors can make money in the financial markets. Capital gains can be subject to taxation, and the rates and rules can vary between countries.
  • A diversified portfolio is a collection of different types of investments within a single account. The goal is to spread risk across various asset classes like stocks, bonds, and possibly other securities. By diversifying, investors aim to reduce the impact of any single investment's performance on the overall portfolio. This strategy can help manage risk and potentially improve long-term returns.

Counterarguments

  • While fractional shares allow for investment with smaller amounts of money, they may also lead to over-diversification or a lack of due diligence since investors can buy into many stocks with limited funds.
  • Robo-advisors, while convenient and cost-effective, may not always account for the nuances of an individual's financial situation like a human advisor could.
  • The recommendation to use Public as a brokerage app is subjective and may not suit everyone's needs; other platforms might offer better rates, more advanced tools, or a wider range of investment options.
  • The guideline to allocate an amount in bonds equal to your age is overly simplistic and may not be appropriate for all investors, as risk tolerance and financial goals vary widely.
  • The assertion that the longer you hold investments, the more they can potentially appreciate, does not account for market volatility and the fact that some investments may depreciate over time or become obsolete.
  • Market orders ensure immediate execution but may result in purchasing at a higher price than expected in a volatile market; limit orders can protect against this but may not execute if the stock price doesn't reach the set limit.
  • The settlement period is a standard process, but it's worth noting that some brokerages offer instant settlement options for certain types of trades.
  • Dividends are not guaranteed and can be cut or eliminated at the company's discretion, which could affect the income stream from investments.
  • Capital gains are taxed at different rates depending on the holding period, which can affect the net profit from investments.
  • Personal information required to open a brokerage account can be a privacy concern for some individuals, and the security measures of the brokerage should be carefully considered.

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Step-by-Step Guide for Making Your First Investment

Opening a Brokerage Account

A brokerage account is an essential tool for anyone looking to invest in the stock market. Below, we discuss how these accounts work, what to look for in a brokerage, and how to get started with your own account.

Brokerage accounts are the primary way to invest in the stock market.

Brokerage accounts allow you to buy and sell stocks, bonds, and other securities.

A brokerage acts as an intermediary institution between you and the stock market, allowing you to buy and sell various securities. Contrary to popular belief, you cannot invest in stocks directly through a bank account or purchase them at retail stores, even if it’s the stock of that particular retailer - for example, you definitely cannot buy Apple stock directly from the Apple store.

There are many different brokerage firms and online platforms to choose from.

When selecting a brokerage, consider features like fractional investing, robo-advisors, and minimum account balances.

There is a wide array of brokerage firms and online platforms available, each with its own set of features and benefits. Traditional options include well-known firms like Schwab and Vanguard, while newer platforms like Public offer a user-friendly interface and capabilities for investing in stocks, bonds, and treasuries.

Key features to look for when selecting a brokerage include the ability to buy fractional shares, which allows investors to purchase part of a stock share, making investing accessible without the need to buy an entire share. Another modern feature is the integration of robo-advisors—these are AI-backed programs that manage your investments for you based on your financial objectives and tolerance for risk, offering a hands-o ...

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Opening a Brokerage Account

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Fractional investing allows investors to purchase a portion of a share, making it possible to invest in high-priced stocks with smaller amounts of money. This method enables broader access to the stock market by reducing the barrier to entry for individual investors. Fractional investing platforms facilitate the purchase of fractions of shares, making it easier for investors to diversify their portfolios. It is a modern feature offered by some brokerages to cater to investors with varying budget sizes.
  • Robo-advisors are automated financial advisors that provide online investment management services using algorithms without the need for human intervention. They offer personalized investment advice based on client risk tolerance and financial goals. Robo-advisors are designed to allocate, manage, and optimize client assets efficiently for both short-term and long-term investments. These services aim to make investing more accessible and cost-effective compared to traditional human financial advisors.
  • Electronic bank transfer, also known as electronic funds transfer (EFT), is a method of transferring money from one bank account to another electronically. This process can be done within the same financial institution or across different institutions without the need for physical bank staff intervention. It is commonly used for various financial transactions like funding brokerage accounts, paying bills, and transferring money between accounts securely and efficiently.
  • A wire transfer is a method of electronically moving money from one entity to another, typically from one bank account to another. It allows for quick and secure transactions, often used for larger sums of money or urgent payments. Wire transfers can be processed through various systems like Fedwire in the US, ensuring immediate availability of funds. This method is commonly used for international transactions or when speed is crucial.
  • An investment profile outlines an individual's preferences and strategies for investing, including factors like risk tolerance, investment goals, and asset preferences. It helps tailor investment decisions to align wit ...

Counterarguments

  • While brokerage accounts are a common way to invest in the stock market, they are not the only option; investors can also use direct stock purchase plans (DSPPs) or dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) offered by some companies.
  • The assertion that you cannot invest in stocks directly through a bank account may not be entirely accurate, as some banks offer brokerage services or investment products that include stocks.
  • The idea that you cannot buy stocks at retail stores is generally true, but some companies may offer direct purchase plans to their employees or customers.
  • The variety of brokerage firms and platforms means that investors must be diligent in understanding fee structures, which can vary widely and impact investment returns.
  • While fractional investing does make stock ownership more accessible, it may also lead to over-diversification or a lack of understanding of the value of a full share.
  • Robo-advisors, while useful, may not be suitable for all investors, especially those who prefer a more hands-on approach or have complex financial situations.
  • Traditional firms like Schwab and Vanguard may offer stability and a long track record, but they might not always provide the most competitive fees or innovati ...

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Step-by-Step Guide for Making Your First Investment

The Process of Making Your First Investment

Embarking on investment can seem daunting, but understanding the process can make it more approachable. Here’s a step-by-step guide once you have a funded brokerage account.

Once the account is funded, you can begin investing by purchasing stocks, bonds, or funds.

To invest in a specific stock or fund, you'll need to search for its ticker symbol.

For example, if you’re interested in the S&P 500 index fund, you'll search for the fund's ticker symbol, which, for the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF, is VOO. You'll go to your brokerage online platform or use an app to find VOO or any other investment’s ticker that you're interested in.

You'll then need to decide whether to place a market order or a limit order.

When placing an order, you have two primary options: a market order and a limit order. A market order means you’re willing to buy the stock or fund at whatever the current market price is. However, it does not necessarily guarantee the exact price you'll pay because prices can fluctuate rapidly. On the other hand, a limit order allows you to set a maximum price that you're willing to pay for the stock, instructing your brokerage to execute the trade only if the price falls at or below your specified limit.

After the order is placed, the transaction will take a few days to settle.

Keep in mind that buy ...

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The Process of Making Your First Investment

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • A ticker symbol is a unique abbreviation used to identify publicly traded stocks on a stock market. It is a combination of letters or numbers that represents a specific asset or security. Ticker symbols are designed to be concise and easily recognizable by traders and investors. Each stock exchange has its own allocation of symbols and formatting conventions for ticker symbols.
  • A market order is an instruction to buy or sell a security at the current market price, which may result in immediate execution but does not guarantee a specific price. In contrast, a limit order allows an investor to set a specific price at which they are willing to buy or sell a security, ensuring price control but potentially delaying execution if the market does not reach the specified price.
  • The settlement process in investing involves the final transfer of securities and funds between the parties involved in a trade. After you place an order to buy or sell a stock or fund, it typically takes around two business days for the transaction to settle. During this settlement period, your money is held in a temporary account, often a money market fund, until the trade is officially ...

Counterarguments

  • While the text suggests starting with stocks, bonds, or funds, it doesn't mention other investment options like real estate, commodities, or cryptocurrencies, which could also be suitable for some investors.
  • Searching for a ticker symbol is just one step in the process; due diligence on the investment's performance, company fundamentals, or fund management is also crucial.
  • The text implies that the only decisions to be made are between market and limit orders, but investors also need to consider stop orders, stop-limit orders, and other types of trade orders.
  • Market orders do not guarantee an immediate transaction at the current displayed price due to potential market volatility and liquidity issues.
  • The settlement period is typically a few days, but this can vary depending on the asset class and the specific market.
  • While money in a settlement fund may earn interest, the rate is often very low and might not keep pace with inflation, which could be considered an opportunity cost.
  • The text does not address the potenti ...

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Different Ways to Make Money From Investments

Investing can be a powerful tool for increasing your wealth. There are several ways that investments can generate income, with dividends and capital gains being two primary methods.

Investments can generate comfortable income through dividends.

Dividends are periodic payments given to shareholders by companies as a way to distribute a portion of their earnings. These payments can be viewed as a reward to investors for holding onto their equity.

Dividends are regular cash payments made by companies to their shareholders.

Dividends are usually distributed in the form of cash or additional shares of the company. For example, if you own 50 shares in a company that pays an annual dividend of $2 per share, you will receive $100 every year. This type of income is particularly attractive because it can serve as a source of passive income.

The primary way to make money from investments is through capital gains.

While dividends provide a steady stream of income, the most significant financial gains in investing typically come from selling an investment for more than its purchase price.

Capital gains occur when you sell an investment for more than you originally paid for it.

In the context of a brokerage account, the only way to realize a profit—that is, make the money yours to keep—is to sell the investment for a ...

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Different Ways to Make Money From Investments

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Dividends are payments made by companies to their shareholders as a distribution of profits. Shareholders receive dividends as a reward for holding onto their investment in the company. These payments can be in the form of cash or additional shares of the company, providing investors with a source of income. Dividends are typically paid out regularly, offering investors a way to earn passive income from their investments.
  • When you sell an investment for a price higher than what you paid for it, the profit you make is called a capital gain. This gain is realized when you actually sell the investment and lock in the profit. It's the difference between the selling price and the purchase price that determines the amount of capital gain you have earned.
  • When you hold onto investments over time, they have the opportunity to increase in value due to factors like company growth, market conditions, and economic trends. This potential for appreciation means that the longer you keep your investments, the more time they have to grow in value. As a result, holding onto investments for an extended period can lead to higher returns when you eventually decide to sell them.
  • Investing for long-term g ...

Counterarguments

  • Dividends are not guaranteed and can be cut or eliminated if a company faces financial difficulties.
  • Dividend payments may be taxed at a higher rate than capital gains, depending on the investor's tax situation.
  • Reinvesting dividends in additional shares can dilute the value of existing shares if not done through a dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) that offers shares at a discount or without commission.
  • Capital gains are only realized when an investment is sold, which could lead to timing the market, a strategy that is often discouraged due to its risks.
  • The 8% average annual increase in the stock market is historical and does not guarantee future results; past performance is not indicative of future returns.
  • Holding onto investments for a longer period does not always increase the potential for appreciation due to market volatility and the risk of individual investments underperforming.
  • Long-term investments may not always lead to higher returns, especially if they are not well-diversified or if the investor fails to adjust their portfolio according to c ...

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Specific Investment Recommendations

Investors seeking user-friendly, multi-asset brokerage services can consider Public, which has gained its reputation particularly for its fractional investing and bond trading features.

Public is a brokerage app that offers features like fractional investing and user-friendly bond trading.

Nicole Lapin endorses Public for its atmospheric and sophisticated user experience, noting that it's the only brokerage where she purchases bonds. She finds its interface on the iPhone remarkably straightforward and appreciates being able to complete bond trades in less than five minutes, a stark contrast to more complicated platforms she's encountered.

Public allows you to build a diversified portfolio of stocks, ETFs, bonds, and other assets.

While Public is lauded for bond investing, Lapin also emphasizes its utility for a diverse range of investment needs including stocks, ETFs, options, and even unconventional assets like music royalties, allowing users to craft a varied investment portfolio conveniently through one platform.

When investing in bonds ...

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Specific Investment Recommendations

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While Public may offer a user-friendly platform, some users may find other platforms more intuitive or better suited to their specific needs.
  • Endorsements from celebrities or financial influencers like Nicole Lapin can be subjective and may not reflect the experience of the average user.
  • A diversified portfolio is important, but some investors may prefer specialized platforms for certain assets, which might offer more advanced tools or better pricing.
  • The utility of Public for a diverse range of investment needs does not guarantee the best market prices or lowest fees compared to other specialized brokerage services.
  • The general recommendation to allocate bonds in your portfolio equal to your age is a rule of thumb and may not be suitable for everyone's financial goals or risk tolerance.
  • Investment strategies should be personalized; the traditional wisdom of matching bond percentage to age does not account for individual circumstances such as health, income, retirement plans, or ...

Actionables

  • You can create a personalized bond investment challenge by setting a goal to match your age in bond percentage over a month, tracking your progress through a dedicated app or spreadsheet. Start by assessing your current portfolio and then each week, make small adjustments to increase your bond holdings incrementally until you reach the target percentage that corresponds with your age. This gamified approach can make the process engaging and help you visualize the shift towards a more conservative portfolio as you age.
  • Develop a habit of monthly financial reflection where you review your investment portfolio's performance, including stocks, ETFs, and bonds. Use this time to research emerging unconventional assets, like music royalties, and consider if they align with your investment goals and risk tolerance. This regular check-in ensures you stay informed about your investments and can make educated decisions on diversifying your portfolio.
  • Engage with ...

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