Podcasts > Modern Wisdom > #919 - George Mack - How To Take Control Of Your Own Destiny

#919 - George Mack - How To Take Control Of Your Own Destiny

By Chris Williamson

In this episode of the Modern Wisdom podcast, guest George Mack explains the distinction between having high agency versus low agency when it comes to taking control of your life. Mack illustrates how people with high agency proactively shape their destiny through their beliefs, values, and behaviors. He uses examples to demonstrate the thought processes and actions that characterize an "agency mindset."

The blurb also highlights strategies Mack provides for avoiding mental traps that contribute to low agency, such as overthinking and ruminating unproductively. To exhibit high agency, Mack recommends techniques like setting specific, incremental goals and challenging personal viewpoints. Real-world examples further illustrate the high agency mindset in action.

#919 - George Mack - How To Take Control Of Your Own Destiny

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Mar 24, 2025 episode of the Modern Wisdom

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.

#919 - George Mack - How To Take Control Of Your Own Destiny

1-Page Summary

High vs. Low Agency: Definition and Explanation

According to George Mack, people with high agency shape their destiny through action and initiative, unlike those with low agency who passively accept circumstances. Defining high agency proves challenging, but Mack notes it's recognizable when observed.

Characteristics of High Agency: Beliefs, Values, and Behaviors

High agency individuals hold beliefs that problems are solvable, experts should be questioned, and unpredictability motivates courage. Their behaviors include clear thinking, resourcefulness, action bias, and disagreeability. Mack and Williamson prescribe specificity through incremental steps and challenging favored viewpoints.

Avoiding Low Agency Traps

Mack warns against mental traps like overcomplicating ("middle-wit"), ruminating unproductively, and being overly vague. To counteract these, he recommends active strategies like predictions, stress-testing, and goal-framing using sub-goals.

Real-World High Agency Examples

The Wright Brothers epitomized high agency by conducting experiments to achieve human flight despite skepticism. Mack cites the Patel family's adaptability and seizing opportunities after expulsion from Uganda as exemplifying a high agency mindset.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • High agency individuals are proactive and take control of their lives through action and initiative. They believe they can influence their circumstances and are not resigned to fate. In contrast, low agency individuals tend to be passive and accept situations without actively trying to change them. The concept emphasizes the mindset and behaviors that distinguish those who shape their destinies from those who feel powerless to do so.
  • Stress-testing involves subjecting a plan or idea to various scenarios or pressures to assess its resilience and identify potential weaknesses. Goal-framing using sub-goals means breaking down a larger objective into smaller, more manageable tasks to track progress and maintain motivation. These strategies help individuals anticipate challenges, refine their approach, and stay focused on achieving their ultimate goal.

Counterarguments

  • High agency might sometimes lead to overconfidence or reckless behavior if not balanced with reflection and consideration of potential risks.
  • The belief that all problems are solvable may not account for systemic issues or problems that are beyond an individual's control.
  • Questioning experts can be beneficial, but it can also lead to the dismissal of valid expertise and contribute to the spread of misinformation if not done judiciously.
  • Unpredictability might not always motivate courage; for some individuals, it can lead to anxiety or paralysis rather than action.
  • Clear thinking and resourcefulness are valuable, but they must be coupled with empathy and social awareness to ensure that actions do not harm others.
  • Action bias can be problematic if it leads to hasty decisions without adequate information or consideration of long-term consequences.
  • Disagreeability, while it can foster innovation and critical thinking, might also hinder collaboration and the building of consensus if not managed properly.
  • Incremental steps and challenging favored viewpoints are useful strategies, but they may not be suitable for all situations, especially those requiring swift and decisive action.
  • Overcomplicating issues can be a trap, but sometimes complexity is inherent and oversimplification can lead to misunderstanding or underestimating challenges.
  • The examples of the Wright Brothers and the Patel family are inspiring, but they may not be universally applicable, as not everyone has the same resources, opportunities, or support systems to exercise high agency.

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
#919 - George Mack - How To Take Control Of Your Own Destiny

High vs. Low Agency: Definition and Explanation

George Mack provides insights into the qualities of high and low agency individuals, offering examples that illustrate the proactive nature of high agency versus the reactive tendencies of low agency behavior.

High Agency: An Undervalued Capability

High Agency: Making Life Happen Rather Than Letting It Happen To You

Mack distinguishes between people who make things happen in their lives and those to whom life simply happens. He suggests that while life certainly happens to everyone, individuals with a higher sense of agency are able to exert more influence over their circumstances, actively shaping their own destiny rather than passively accepting what comes their way.

For example, he contrasts SpaceX with Northern Rail, where SpaceX exemplifies high agency through innovative problem-solving and taking initiative, whereas Northern Rail remains stuck with outdated systems like fax machines, which demonstrates low agency. Another case of high agency is outlined in Cole Summers, a 14-year-old who chose to homeschool to avoid negative influences and began learning from Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger videos. Summers also started his own company at the age of seven, showing initiative and a capacity for self-direction.

Additionally, Mack discusses a high agency technique, suggesting that viewing the present with a historian's lens can expedite personal development. Looking at current actions from the perspective of the future selves might add an insightful dimension to one's decisions.

Defining High Agency Is Challenging but Recognizable

"Like Justice Potter Stewart On Defining Pornography, 'I Know It When I See It'"

The definition of high agency proves elusive, and Mack, along with Williamson, describe it as a "je ne sais quoi" quality—subtle but distinctly recognizable upon observation. Mack equates the challenge of defining high agency to Justice Potter Stewart's famous difficulty in defining obscenity, where h ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

High vs. Low Agency: Definition and Explanation

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • "High agency" and "low agency" terminologies are used to describe individuals' approaches to life. High agency individuals are proactive, take initiative, and actively shape their own destinies. In contrast, low agency individuals are more reactive, relying on external influences and not taking independent actions. These terms help differentiate between those who make things happen in their lives and those who let things happen to them.
  • Justice Potter Stewart's reference to defining obscenity comes from a famous U.S. Supreme Court case in 1964, Jacobellis v. Ohio. In his concurring opinion, Stewart famously stated, "I know it when I see it," regarding his inability to precisely define obscenity but recognizing it when encountered. This statement reflects the challenge of legally defining obscenity and the subjective nature of determining what is considered obscene under the law. Stewart's remark has since become a well-known expression highlighting the difficulty in establishing clear-cut criteria for obscenity in legal contexts.
  • Outsourcing one's worldview means relying heavily on external sources, such as other people or established beliefs, to form one's own perspective on life and make decisions, rather than developing an independent and critical viewpoint based on personal reflection and analysis. This concept suggests a passive acceptance of external influences without actively engaging in the process of shaping one's beliefs and values. It involves adopting pre-existing ideas and opinions witho ...

Counterarguments

  • High agency can sometimes lead to overconfidence or a lack of collaboration, as individuals may prioritize their own actions over group consensus or expert advice.
  • The concept of high agency may oversimplify complex situations where individuals have limited control due to systemic issues or external constraints.
  • The dichotomy between high and low agency might ignore the nuanced spectrum of human behavior and the context-dependent nature of agency.
  • The emphasis on high agency could inadvertently stigmatize those in low agency situations, implying a moral failing rather than recognizing structural barriers.
  • The idea that high agency individuals carve out their own path may not account for the role of luck, privilege, or timing in personal success.
  • The historian's lens technique, while potentially insightful, may not be practical or beneficial for everyone, as some individuals may find it more effective to focus on the present or short-term goals.
  • The notion that low agency individuals outsource their worldview could be an oversimplification, as people often rely on trusted sources or experts for information in areas where they lack expertise.
  • The example of people following a bell without understanding why may not accura ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
#919 - George Mack - How To Take Control Of Your Own Destiny

Characteristics of High Agency: Beliefs, Values, Behaviors

Understanding the concepts of high agency can be transformative. These insights outline the beliefs, values, and behaviors that empower high agency individuals to effectively navigate life's challenges.

High Agency People Possess Core Beliefs Guiding Actions

Individuals with high agency maintain a set of core beliefs that shape their actions and problem-solving approach.

Problems Are Solvable Unless Defying Physics

Multiple mentions of George Mack and a story involving Cole Summers collectively reinforce the belief in high agency individuals that problems are solvable as long as they don't defy the laws of physics. Mack underscores that this mindset is crucial when faced with significant challenges, asserting that obstacles often boil down to questions of agency, rather than being inherently insurmountable.

Reject "Adults" or Experts; Challenge Consensus Views

Mack also touches on the belief in high agency individuals to question traditional methods and expert opinions. Federer, Nadal, and Djokovic's varied approaches to tennis are cited as examples of how individuals can successfully tailor methods to their unique situations, bypassing conventional wisdom.

Accepting No Guarantee Against "Screaming" Death; Motivates Courageous Acts

Mack tells the harrowing tale of Kevin Smith's father's demise, conveying the brutal truth that life offers no guarantees against a "screaming" death, which serves as a harsh motivator for individuals with high agency to live courageously. Acknowledging the unpredictability of life can justify the pursuit of one's whimsical ambitions, pushing people to exercise agency instead of succumbing to fear.

High Agency Individuals Exhibit Specific Behaviors and Values

Those with high agency demonstrate distinct behaviors and hold to values that set the stage for overcoming difficult situations and acting with autonomy.

Clear Thinking, Resourcefulness, Bias Towards Action, and Disagreeability

George Mack identifies four pillars that constitute high agency: clear thinking, resourcefulness, a bias towards action, and disagreeability. Clear thinking involves stripping down ideas to their foundational principles, much like the Wright brothers did with aerodynamics. Resourcefulness combines creativity with persistence, enabling the formulation of novel solutions to problems. A ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Characteristics of High Agency: Beliefs, Values, Behaviors

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While high agency individuals may believe that problems are solvable unless defying physics, this mindset might lead to an underestimation of complex problems that, while not defying physics, may be practically unsolvable due to current technological, social, or economic limitations.
  • Rejecting traditional methods and challenging consensus views can be beneficial for innovation, but it can also lead to the dismissal of valuable expertise and proven practices that have been refined over time.
  • Accepting no guarantee against a "screaming" death may motivate courageous acts, but it can also lead to reckless behavior if not balanced with a sense of responsibility and consideration of the potential consequences of one's actions.
  • Clear thinking and resourcefulness are important, but without empathy and emotional intelligence, high agency individuals might struggle to build and maintain relationships or to lead effectively in environments that require teamwork and collaboration.
  • A bias towards action is generally positive, but it can also result in impulsivity or a lack of strategic planning, which might lead to suboptimal outcomes or the overlooking of important details.
  • Disagreeability can foster independent thought, but if taken to an extreme, it can hinder cooperation and ...

Actionables

  • You can foster problem-solving confidence by creating a "Physics or Fiction" journal where you document daily challenges and categorize them as either solvable within the laws of physics or not. This practice encourages you to see most problems as potentially solvable and trains your mind to differentiate between truly insurmountable obstacles and those that are simply difficult. For example, if you're struggling with a work project, write it down and brainstorm solutions that don't involve defying gravity or time travel, reinforcing the idea that a solution is possible.
  • Develop a habit of "Consensus Contrarianism" by dedicating time each week to research and write down one popular opinion in your field of interest, then list three to five reasons why this opinion might be flawed or incomplete. This exercise not only sharpens critical thinking but also prepares you to confidently present alternative viewpoints in discussions, fostering a high agency mindset. Imagine the consensus is that a certain technology is the future of your industry; you could explore and document potential limitations or ethical concerns that are not widely discussed.
  • Initiate a "Specificity Sprint" by setting ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
#919 - George Mack - How To Take Control Of Your Own Destiny

Avoiding Traps and Pitfalls Leading To Low Agency

The hosts discuss various mental traps that can lead to reduced personal agency and prescribe self-awareness and actionable steps to counteract them.

Low Agency Traps: "Middle-Wit," "Rumination," and "Vagueness"

George Mack and Chris Williamson identify several behavioral traps that people tend to fall into, which prevent them from taking decisive action and maintaining personal agency.

"Middle-Wit Trap": Overcomplicating Instead of Simplifying

George Mack describes the "middle-wit trap" as the tendency to overcomplicate things instead of seeking simplicity. He utilizes the example of someone stuck in a third-world jail considering irrelevant actions like a juice cleanse when simple, direct action is required. Similarly, Northern Rail’s continued use of outdated fax machines in 2024 indicates a potential middle-wit trap by not modernizing their operations.

The "Rumination Trap": An Endless Cycle of Worry and Anxiety About Future Possibilities, Instead of Action

Mack explains the "rumination trap" as a cycle of thoughts that revisits worries without new insights, often resulting in doomsday scenarios without considering realities. He touches on cognitive behavioral therapy techniques as a way to address these patterns. Williamson adds that repackaging old thoughts may give a false sense of novelty while being stuck in this loop.

Trap of Vagueness: Framing Problems and Goals too Broadly

Discussing the "vague trap," Mack highlights the risk of avoiding specific timelines, deadlines, or action items, contrasting Elon Musk’s specificity. Vagueness in one's goals and ambitions, he argues, can lead to never truly failing or succeeding and prevent the development of agency. Williamson shares his personal experience with cricket, connecting his fear of failure with the trap of vagueness.

Overcoming Traps Requires Self-Awareness and Bias Towards Concrete Steps

The hosts propose specific strategies for breaking free of these ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Avoiding Traps and Pitfalls Leading To Low Agency

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The concept of "Middle-Wit Trap" might oversimplify complex situations where a nuanced approach is necessary, and not all complications are a result of overthinking.
  • The "Rumination Trap" could overlook the potential benefits of reflective thinking, which can sometimes lead to deeper insights and better decision-making.
  • The "Trap of Vagueness" might not account for the fact that some goals require flexibility and adaptability, and being too specific can sometimes be limiting or unrealistic.
  • The strategies proposed for overcoming traps may not be universally applicable, as different individuals may respond to different methods of self-improvement.
  • Predictions and stress-testing as a means to break the rumination cycle could potential ...

Actionables

  • You can create a "simplicity journal" where you dedicate a few minutes each day to write down complex issues you're facing and then challenge yourself to rewrite them in a simpler, more straightforward manner. This practice encourages you to strip down problems to their core, making them easier to manage. For example, if you're overwhelmed by a big project, break it down into the simplest tasks and focus on one at a time.
  • Develop a "worry time" schedule where you allocate a specific, limited time of the day to focus on your worries. Outside of this time, consciously redirect your thoughts when you catch yourself ruminating. This can help compartmentalize your concerns and free up mental space for action-oriented thinking. For instance, if you find yourself worrying about a work presentation, set aside 15 minutes in the evening to plan and prepare, rather than letting anxiety consume your day.
  • Use a goal-setting app that forces you to set specif ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
#919 - George Mack - How To Take Control Of Your Own Destiny

Real-World Examples and Case Studies Illustrating High Agency

The stories of the Wright Brothers and the Patel family provide compelling narratives of high agency, epitomizing the spirit of perseverance and innovation in the face of adversity.

Wright Brothers: A Classic High Agency Example

The Wright Brothers' pursuit of human flight demonstrates a classic example of high agency through skepticism and experimentation.

Confronted Skepticism on Human Flight, Pursued Goal Through Experimentation

Wilbur Wright, while bedridden, wondered why birds could fly and humans could not. This curiosity sparked his and his brother's journey into studying aerodynamics and bird flight. The Wright Brothers transformed their fascination with human flight into a proactive search for answers. Despite prejudices and ridicule toward the idea of human flight, they moved from passivity to activity, embarking on 700 miles to Kitty Hawk with ideal conditions for their flight tests.

Success Contradicts the Fatalistic View That Man Won't Fly For a Millennium

At the time, human flight was not only mocked but widely dismissed as an impossibility, with some literature even ridiculing the notion. Yet, despite numerous failures and skepticism, the Wright Brothers disproved the fatalistic viewpoint—famously encapsulated by Wilbur's proclamation that "no man will ever fly for a thousand years"—when they achieved controlled, powered flight barely a year later, rewriting history and proving the power of high agency.

Patel Family's Rise in Motel Industry After Uganda Expulsion Shows Agency

The Patel family's story is one of resilience, resourcefulness, and adaptability after being expelled from Uganda—the very essence of a high agency mindset.

Starting Over: Patel's Resourcefulness, Family Networks, and Action-Bias Build Dominance

Exiled from Uganda by the order of Idi Amin and left with only 30 days' notice, the Patel family was forced to pivot sharply. With some returning to India and others emigrating to the UK or the US, those who arrived in America had to start from s ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Real-World Examples and Case Studies Illustrating High Agency

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can cultivate a high agency mindset by setting a 'Failure Resume' where you document your setbacks and the lessons learned from each. This practice encourages you to view challenges as opportunities for growth and learning, much like the Wright Brothers and the Patel family did. For example, if you tried to start a business and it didn't take off, write down what factors contributed to the outcome and what you could do differently next time.
  • Start a 'Curiosity Journal' to foster innovation in your daily life, inspired by Wilbur Wright's interest in bird flight. Each day, jot down anything that piques your curiosity, no matter how trivial it seems. Then, dedicate time each week to explore one of these curiosities more deeply, whether it's through reading, building a small project, or discussing it with others. This could lead to new hobbies, career paths, or innovative ideas.
  • Embrace resourcefulness by initiating a 'Family Skill Swap' within your commun ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free

Create Summaries for anything on the web

Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser

Shortform Extension CTA