Podcasts > Modern Wisdom > #914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

#914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

By Chris Williamson

In this episode of the Modern Wisdom podcast, Dr. Ethan Kross and host Chris Williamson explore the nature of emotions and strategies for managing them. They discuss the adaptive functions of positive and negative emotions, emphasizing how both play vital roles in the human experience.

The conversation offers practical techniques for emotion regulation, such as using sensory and attention "shifters" to reframe situations. Kross also highlights the influence of relationships, environments, and cultural norms on emotional responses. Crucially, the discussion provides guidance on developing consistent habits for automatic emotion regulation through goal-setting and consistent practice.

#914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

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#914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

1-Page Summary

The Definition and Components of Emotions

Ethan Kross and Chris Williamson define emotions as coordinated physiological, cognitive, and behavioral responses to meaningful events. They encompass both conscious feelings and unconscious processes.

Adaptive Functions of Positive and Negative Emotions

Kross explains that negative emotions like anger motivate correcting injustices, while sadness prompts needed self-reflection. Emotions offer vital cues guiding behavior for successful navigation of environments. All emotions, both positive and negative, are essential to the full human experience.

Strategies and Techniques For Emotion Regulation

While spontaneous emotions can't be controlled, Kross and Williamson discuss various tools for regulating emotional engagement:

  • Sensory "shifters" like music, touch, and smells can influence emotions
  • Attention "shifters" like distancing and perspective-taking help reframe situations
  • Acknowledging emotions are shaped by relationships, environments, and cultures

Strategic use of these tools maintains productive, proportional emotions. Consistent practice makes emotion regulation automatic over time.

Impact of Relationships, Environment, and Culture on Emotions

Social interactions influence emotions - choose confidants wisely and use framing for gratitude over envy. Restorative environments and removing triggers aid regulation. Cultural norms in families and workplaces instill productive emotion management.

Making Emotion Regulation a Habit

Kross recommends the "Woomp" method for developing automatic emotion regulation habits:

  1. Define your goal, desired outcome, and obstacles
  2. Make if-then plans for activating strategies when needed
  3. Experiment to find effective personal techniques like mental time travel and savoring positive experiences

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The "Woomp" method is a strategy recommended by Ethan Kross for developing automatic emotion regulation habits. It involves defining goals, desired outcomes, and obstacles, creating if-then plans for activating strategies when needed, and experimenting to find effective personal techniques like mental time travel and savoring positive experiences. This method aims to help individuals regulate their emotions more effectively and make the process automatic over time.
  • Sensory "shifters" like music, touch, and smells can influence emotions by triggering specific neural pathways connected to memory, mood, and perception. For example, a familiar song may evoke feelings of nostalgia or joy, while a comforting touch can promote feelings of safety and connection. Smells can also evoke strong emotional responses due to their close connection to memory and the limbic system in the brain. These sensory inputs can play a significant role in regulating and modulating emotional experiences.
  • "Distancing" and "perspective-taking" are strategies that involve mentally stepping back from a situation to gain a broader view. Distancing allows you to detach emotionally, while perspective-taking involves considering the situation from different viewpoints. These techniques help in reframing situations by providing a more objective and balanced perspective, which can lead to better emotional regulation and decision-making.
  • Emotions are influenced by the people we interact with, the places we find ourselves in, and the societal norms and values we are surrounded by. Our relationships with others, the environments we are in, and the cultural context we belong to all play a significant role in shaping how we feel and express emotions. These external factors can impact the way we perceive events, interpret situations, and regulate our emotional responses. Understanding how relationships, environments, and cultures influence emotions can help us navigate our feelings more effectively and cultivate healthier emotional well-being.

Counterarguments

  • While emotions are often responses to events, some theories suggest that emotions can also be constructed or influenced by social and cultural factors, which might not always be a direct response to a specific event.
  • The idea that all emotions are essential to the human experience could be challenged by the perspective that some emotions, if chronic or unregulated, can be detrimental to mental health and well-being.
  • The effectiveness of sensory and attention "shifters" in influencing emotions may vary greatly among individuals, and some might argue that these strategies are not universally effective or applicable.
  • The assertion that emotions are shaped by relationships, environments, and cultures might overlook the role of biological factors and individual differences in emotional responses.
  • The impact of social interactions on emotions is complex, and some might argue that the advice to choose confidants wisely oversimplifies the dynamics of social relationships and emotional influence.
  • The suggestion that restorative environments and removing triggers aid emotion regulation might not acknowledge the potential for individuals to become overly reliant on external conditions for emotional well-being, possibly neglecting the development of internal coping mechanisms.
  • The idea that cultural norms instill productive emotion management could be criticized for not considering that some cultural norms might actually suppress healthy emotional expression or perpetuate harmful emotional practices.
  • The "Woomp" method, while potentially useful, may not be effective for everyone, and some might argue that a one-size-fits-all approach to developing emotion regulation habits overlooks the complexity of individual emotional experiences and needs.

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#914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

The Definition and Components of Emotions

Understanding emotions is crucial as they are responses to meaningful events in our lives, influencing our physical states, thinking, and behaviors.

Emotions Are Responses to Events We Deem Important

Ethan Kross and Chris Williamson explore the nature of emotions, highlighting their role as responses to events we find significant.

Emotions Trigger Physiological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Responses

According to Kross, emotions are a coordinated set of responses to situations that capture our attention. These responses can be physiological, such as an anxious feeling in the stomach, cognitive, as in directing our focus towards threats, and behavioral, demonstrated through facial expressions and motor behaviors associated with emotions like anger and sadness. These recognizable cues underscore the complex interplay between our emotional experiences and physical manifestations.

Emotions Have Conscious and Unconscious Components

Emotions are multifaceted, encompassing both conscious and unconscious processes that affect how we experience and react to the world around us.

Feelings Are the Conscious Part of an Emotional Experience

Feelings are the aspect of emotions that we are aware of. Williamson and Kross discuss this phenomenon, with Williamson acknowledging a past difficulty in fully connecting with his emotions and Kross emphasizing the saliency of moment-to-moment emotional experiences. Feelings are akin to being aware of symptoms like fever and ...

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The Definition and Components of Emotions

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Feelings being likened to symptoms like fever and chills during illness means that they are observable indicators of our internal emotional states, much like how fever and chills are visible signs of physical illness. This comparison highlights the tangible nature of feelings and how they serve as outward manifestations of our emotions, similar to how physical symptoms manifest during si ...

Counterarguments

  • Emotions may not always be direct responses to events but can also be influenced by internal physiological states, such as hormonal changes or fatigue, which may not be tied to external events of significance.
  • The relationship between emotions and physiological, cognitive, and behavioral responses is complex and not always unidirectional; for instance, our behaviors and thoughts can also influence our emotional states.
  • The distinction between conscious and unconscious components of emotions is not always clear-cut, and some theories propose that what we consider unconscious may simply be preconscious or not yet verbalized.
  • The concept of feelings as the conscious part of an emotional experience can be challenged by the idea that some emotional experiences are ...

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#914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

Adaptive Functions of Positive and Negative Emotions

Understanding the role of our emotions, both positive and negative, can significantly impact how we navigate through life's challenges and experiences.

Negative Emotions Like Anger and Sadness Serve Important Purposes

Ethan Kross emphasizes that negative emotions are not just troublesome feelings but are functional tools that serve important purposes in our lives.

Anger Motivates Us to Correct Injustices

Anger is an emotion that arises when our sense of right and wrong is violated and we perceive an opportunity to correct this situation. Kross mentions that while anger can become unwieldy if not managed properly, it is fundamentally a tool that, when harnessed correctly, can motivate us to address and rectify injustices.

Sadness Inspires Reflection and Reshapes Our Self-Understanding and Worldviews

Sadness serves a different function. It’s triggered by events that challenge our understanding of the world, events that we cannot immediately fix. This prompts a need to reevaluate and reflect inwardly, thus reshaping our self-understanding and worldviews. This inward reflection can be a crucial step in personal growth and adaptation.

Emotions Offer Cues and Motivation For Effective Navigation of Our Environment

Our emotional responses provide us with immediate cues that can motivate us to react effectively to our surroundings.

Emotions Guide Attention and Behavior For Success

Emotions experienced in appropriate proportions are designed to help us deal with immediate situations. They can guide our attention and be ...

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Adaptive Functions of Positive and Negative Emotions

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The intertwined nature of emotion with navigating the environment highlights how our emotional responses guide our attention and behavior in various situations, influencing our success. Emotions act as immediate cues that motivate us to react effectively to our surroundings, helping us deal with challenges and make decisions. This connection underscores the importance of understanding and managing our emotions to navigate life's complexities and achieve balance and fulfillment. Embracing the full range of human emotions is essential for leveraging these cues to lead a more enriching and meaningful life.
  • Embracing the full range of human emotions means acknowledging and accepting all emotions, whether positive or negative, as valuable and necessary for personal growth and well-being. It involves understanding that each emotion serves a purpose and offers valuable insights into ou ...

Counterarguments

  • While anger can motivate us to correct injustices, it can also lead to aggression, violence, and impaired judgment if not managed properly.
  • Sadness, although it can inspire reflection, can also lead to rumination and depression, which can be counterproductive to personal growth if it becomes chronic.
  • Emotions may offer cues for navigating our environment, but they can also be misleading or based on irrational fears and prejudices.
  • The guidance provided by emotions is not always conducive to success; sometimes, emotions can cloud our judg ...

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#914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

Strategies and Techniques For Emotion Regulation

Ethan Kross and Chris Williamson conclude that while spontaneous thoughts and emotions cannot be controlled, their subsequent engagement can be managed.

Tools to Manage Emotions

Emotion regulation is possible through understanding and utilizing various tools, and it is critical for success in school, work, and personal health.

Sensory Shifters: Music, Touch, Smells Alter Emotions

Kross discusses sensory experiences as powerful tools for emotion regulation. Music, touch, and smell can be leveraged to influence how one feels; for instance, a song can induce feelings of joy or sadness, and a pleasant fragrance can uplift one’s mood. Kross recalls how "Don't Stop Believin'" by Journey positively changed the emotional atmosphere during a car ride with his daughter. However, people sometimes use music to sustain negative emotions. Touch, such as a comforting hug, can quickly change one’s emotional state as well. Kross notes that sensory experiences can cause deep emotional shifts, although these may not be lasting.

Attention Shifters Like Distancing and Perspective-Taking Help Reframe Situations

Kross and Williamson discuss attention shifters that allow people to reframe emotional situations. Techniques such as psychological distancing or time travel—mentally projecting how one feels about a situation in the future—can help mitigate the intensity of emotions. Kross also calls "distance self-talk," where one coaches themselves using their own name and the pronoun "you," allowing a shift in perspective.

Emotions Shaped by Relationships, Environment, and Culture

Kross touches on the influence of relationships, environment, and culture on emotions. While not addressed in-depth, this segment suggests that adjusting one’s social interactions, surroundings, and cultural context can be part of emotion regulation strategies.

Strategically Managing Emotional Shifts

Proportionate and productive emotional control can be achieved through the use of tools like ...

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Strategies and Techniques For Emotion Regulation

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Psychological distancing or time travel are techniques that involve mentally stepping back from a situation to gain a different perspective. Psychological distancing can help reduce the intensity of emotions by viewing the situation as an observer rather than being directly involved. Time travel involves projecting oneself into the future to assess how one might feel about the current situation, aiding in gaining clarity and emotional regulation.
  • "Distance self-talk" is a technique where individuals address themselves in the second person (using "you" instead of "I") to create psychological distance from their emotions or situations. By speaking to oneself as if giving advice to someone else, it can help gain a new perspective and approach challenges more objectively. This method can assist in regulating emotions by shifting the internal dialogue and promoting a more balanced and rational response to difficult circumstances. It allows individuals to step back mentally and view their thoughts and feelings from a more detached and constructive standpoint.
  • The concept of attention as a mental spotlight suggests that our focus can illuminate specific thoughts or experiences in our minds, much like a spotlight highlights objects on a stage. By directing our attention intentionally, we can control what thoughts and emotions occupy our mental space at any given moment. This metaphor emphasizes the selective nature of attention and its r ...

Counterarguments

  • While sensory experiences can influence emotions, they may not address the root causes of emotional distress and could potentially serve as temporary distractions rather than long-term solutions.
  • Attention shifters might not always be effective in high-stress situations or for individuals with certain psychological conditions, such as PTSD, where intrusive thoughts are more difficult to manage.
  • The impact of relationships, environment, and culture on emotions is mentioned but not explored in depth, which could imply an oversimplification of the complex interplay between these factors and emotional states.
  • The idea that practice and experimentation can make emotion regulation automatic may not account for individual differences in emotional reactivity and the potential need for professional support in some cases.
  • The text suggests that emotions can be strategically managed, but it may not fully acknowledge the importance of accepting and processing emotions rather than always trying to control or change ...

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#914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

Impact of Relationships, Environment, and Culture on Emotions

Emotion management can influence the quality of our social interactions, with potentially profound impacts on friendships, partnerships, and parenting skills. Kross explores how people, places, and cultural contexts shape our emotional experiences and responses.

Social Interactions Influence Our Emotions

Be Thoughtful About Who We Confide In and Their Support

Kross calls attention to the power of "people shifters" in emotion management, highlighting that who we choose to confide in can significantly impact our emotional state. It's essential to select the right individuals for support, as even well-intentioned advice can either alleviate or exacerbate emotional difficulties.

The most productive conversations often involve an empathetic listener who permits the sharing of feelings but then helps to broaden one's perspective. Kross emphasizes timing and delicacy when transitioning from listening to offering advice, advising that one should ask permission to share their thoughts.

Framing Comparisons Sparks Envy or Gratitude

Comparisons play a critical role in framing our emotional outlook. Kross suggests employing curation as a strategy to avoid harmful comparisons, such as removing negative influences from social media feeds. Stories of others' tragedies can prompt fear, but reframing from a perspective of gratitude for one's own circumstances is beneficial. Observing various emotional climates from past relationships can lead to insights, potentially sparking feelings of envy or gratitude.

Environment and Space Design Affect Emotions

Restorative Places and Removing Triggers Help Regulate Emotions

The concept of "space shifters" indicates that our environments can impact our emotions. Kross invites listeners to perform an environmental audit, identifying spaces that provide safety and security, and to leverage restorative places to improve emotional regulation. For instance, spaces like an arboretum, tea house, or a personal office can offer solace during stressful times.

Arranging Our Environment Can Aid Emotional Control

Kross advises creating order and adding personal touches like photographs and plants to one's environment to regain control over internal chaos. This structuring is an act of compensatory control, with simple tasks like cleaning and organizing serving as effective emotional regulation strategies. Kross also recommends curating digital spaces, such as social media, to avoid triggers that ...

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Impact of Relationships, Environment, and Culture on Emotions

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Emotional contagion in families and organizations refers to the phenomenon where emotions spread among individuals within these social groups. In families, positive attitudes and emotion regulation norms can uplift emotions collectively. Similarly, in organizations, a supportive culture can facilitate emotional management through the spread of positive emotions and the provision of tools for emotional regulation. This concept highlights the interconnectedness of emotions within close-knit social units and the impact of shared emotional experiences on individuals' well-being and interactions.
  • The formative role of family in teaching emotion management highlights how families shape individuals' understanding and handling of emotions from a young age. Family environments provide the initial framework for emotional expression, regulation, and coping strategies. Children learn about emotions through interactions with family members and observing how emotions are managed within the family unit. This early learning can significantly influence how individuals navigate and regulate their emotions throughout their lives.
  • Changing cultural context for emotional well-being involves recognizing when the environment or societal norms in which you exist consistently contribute to negative emoti ...

Counterarguments

  • While empathetic listeners are valuable, some individuals may benefit from more direct advice or confrontation to address emotional issues effectively.
  • The idea of curating social media feeds to avoid harmful comparisons might not address the root cause of why an individual engages in such comparisons and could lead to avoidance behaviors.
  • The concept of restorative places assumes that individuals have the means and opportunity to access such environments, which might not be the case for everyone due to socioeconomic constraints.
  • Personalizing environments for emotional control may not be feasible for individuals who share spaces with others or have limited control over their living or working conditions.
  • The emphasis on individual emotion regulation might overlook systemic issues that contribute to emotional distress, such as inequality, discrimination, or other societal problems.
  • Instilling productive emotion regulation norms in families and organizations assumes a level of homogeneity in values and practices that may not be realistic or respectful of diversity.
  • The suggestion to change cultural contexts to improve emotional well-being may not be practical ...

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#914 - Dr Ethan Kross - How To Stop Feeling Negative Emotions All The Time

Making Emotion Regulation a Habit

Ethan Kross emphasizes the need for habitual practice in emotion regulation, comparing it to physical fitness, and proposes that mastering different techniques can significantly benefit individuals' life outcomes.

Emotion Regulation Practice: The "Woomp" Method

The "Woomp" method is a strategic framework for making emotion regulation automatic.

Define Your Goal, Desired Outcome, and Obstacles

Kross introduces the "Woomp" acronym where 'W' stands for "wish," referring to identifying your goal, such as not getting upset with family members. The first 'O' stands for "outcome," the desired result of pursuing the goal, to motivate and commit to the effort, like having a happier family. The second 'O' signifies the "obstacle" that impedes reaching the goal, such as reactive impulses to disrespect. 'P' stands for "plan," involving if-then contingencies, like thinking about a future perspective if witnessing a family dispute.

If-then Plans For Activating Emotion Regulation Strategies

The plan is an essential part of the method, where specific actions are predetermined for potential scenarios. These are to be written, rehearsed, and reviewed to boost the ability to utilize the strategies when needed, essentially ingraining them to become automatic responses.

Experimenting With Different Emotion Regulation Methods Can Help Find What Works

Kross argues that self-experimentation is key to discovering which emotion regulation strategies are most effective for individuals, as variability exists in how tools aid different people.

Strategies: Mental Time Travel, Attention Shifting, Music, Emotional Advisory Board Support

Kross suggests a variety of tools for emotion regulation, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), an "emotion regulation boot camp." He also mentions strategies such as me ...

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Making Emotion Regulation a Habit

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The "Woomp" method is a strategic framework for making emotion regulation automatic. The acronym stands for Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, and Plan. It helps individuals identify their goals, desired outcomes, obstacles, and create specific plans to regulate their emotions effectively. By following this method, individuals can develop a habit of managing their emotions in a more structured and proactive manner.
  • If-then plans for activating emotion regulation strategies involve pre-determining specific actions to take in response to potential emotional triggers. These plans are designed to help individuals automatically implement chosen strategies when faced with challenging situations. By outlining these plans in advance, individuals can enhance their ability to regulate emotions effectively in real-time. The goal is to make these responses habitual through practice and preparation.
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to improve emotional regulation. Comparing CBT to an "emotion regulation boot camp" suggests that it is an intensive and structured approach to developing skills and strategies for managing emotions effectively. In this context, CBT is seen as a rigorous training program that can help individuals strengthen their ability to regulate emotions and cope with challenging situations. The analogy highlights the idea that CBT can provide a comprehensive and disciplined framework for enhancing emotional well-being.
  • Self-distancing is a psychological technique where individuals mentally step back from their immediate emotional reactions and view situations from a more objective perspective. It involves shifting one's focus away from the intense emotions of the present moment to gain a clearer understanding of the situation. By distancing oneself emotionally, individ ...

Counterarguments

  • Habitual practice in emotion regulation may not be sufficient for individuals with certain psychological disorders, where professional treatment is necessary.
  • The effectiveness of mastering emotion regulation techniques on life outcomes can vary greatly among individuals due to differing life circumstances and psychological makeups.
  • The "Woomp" method, while strategic, may not be suitable for everyone, as some individuals might find it too rigid or structured.
  • The acronym "Woomp" could be seen as overly simplistic for the complex process of emotion regulation and may not resonate with all users.
  • If-then plans might not always be effective in real-life situations where emotions can be unpredictable and not easily controlled by pre-set plans.
  • Experimenting with different emotion regulation methods could lead to confusion or overwhelm for some individuals who may benefit more from a consistent, focused approach.
  • Self-experimentation in emotion regulation strategies might not be a reliable way to find effective methods due to potential biases and lack of professional guidance.
  • Strateg ...

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