In this episode of the Huberman Lab, Dr. Alia Crum explores how mindsets—our core beliefs about the world—shape our behaviors, physiology, and outcomes. Drawing from her research, including the notable "Milkshake Study," she demonstrates how our beliefs about what we consume and experience can create measurable changes in our bodies, from hormone levels to health outcomes.
The discussion delves into various mindset categories, including approaches to stress, growth, and food preferences. Dr. Crum presents practical strategies for developing a more beneficial relationship with stress, explaining how viewing stress as a tool for growth rather than a threat can lead to improved performance and physiological responses. The conversation examines how these fundamental beliefs develop through our experiences and cultural influences, and how they guide our daily interactions.
Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.
Alia Crum presents mindsets as core beliefs that shape how we interpret and interact with the world around us. These fundamental beliefs, influenced by our upbringing and culture, help simplify the complexity of daily life by providing default assumptions that guide our behavior. Crum draws from her personal experience as a gymnast to illustrate how early experiences shape these interpretative frameworks.
Huberman and Crum explore various mindset categories that affect our daily lives. They discuss Carol Dweck's concept of "growth mindset" versus "fixed mindset," where individuals either view abilities as improvable or static. Crum challenges traditional views about stress, suggesting it can be either debilitating or enhancing depending on one's mindset. Similarly, she notes how mindsets about healthy food can range from viewing it as disgusting to delicious.
Crum's research demonstrates the powerful physiological effects of mindsets. Her "Milkshake Study" showed that participants' hormonal responses changed based solely on their beliefs about what they were consuming, despite drinking the same shake. In another study, hotel workers showed improved health outcomes simply by being informed that their work qualified as exercise, even without changing their activity levels.
Regarding stress, Crum and Huberman note that viewing stress as enhancing can lead to positive physiological changes, including moderated cortisol levels and increased DHEA in stressful situations.
Crum outlines a three-step approach to developing a stress-enhancing mindset: First, acknowledge the presence of stress. Second, welcome it as an indicator of engaging with something important. Finally, use the stress response to achieve goals rather than trying to eliminate it. She emphasizes that stress is a neutral response to meaningful challenges and can be leveraged for personal growth and improved performance.
1-Page Summary
Alia Crum presents a comprehensive view of mindsets, describing them as central to our interpretative framework for day-to-day experiences and life's various challenges.
Alia Crum defines mindsets as core beliefs or assumptions about a domain that orient individuals to specific expectations, explanations, and goals. She posits that mindsets are critical as they greatly influence how we perceive and interact with the world.
According to Crum, mindsets are instrumental in simplifying our lives. They reduce the enormity of information and experiences we encounter by providing a set of default beliefs that guide our thinking and actions. These core beliefs about the nature of intelligence or ability, for instance, whether one sees intelligence as fixed or malleable, serve to streamline the complexity of reality into something more manageable.
The Nature and Definition of Mindsets
Huberman and Alia Crum delve into how different mindsets affect our perceptions and behaviors towards various aspects of life, such as stress, exercise, food, and illness.
Huberman brings up Carol Dweck's work on the growth mindset, which posits that one can view abilities as improvable. Conversely, a fixed mindset sees intelligence and abilities as static, which significantly affects an individual's motivation to learn and work harder.
Crum challenges the commonly held public health message that stress is entirely harmful, suggesting that stress can actually be beneficial when connected to adversity or challenges that align with one's goals. Instead of being debilitating, stress can improve focus, attention, and information processing, which can enhance one's handling of challenging situations.
Crum further explains an experiment that exposed people to videos influencing their mindset about stress. Some were shown videos suggesting that stress would be debilitating, while others were made to believe that stress could be enhancing.
Regarding food and healthy eating, mindsets can dra ...
Examples of Different Mindsets
Alia Crum and Andrew Huberman delve into the profound ways in which our mindsets interact with our physiology, behavior, and the eventual outcomes in our lives.
Crum and Huberman both note fascinating instances where beliefs and mindsets significantly impact bodily functions.
Alia Crum’s research as a graduate student at Yale Center for Clinical and Translational Research investigated how beliefs about what we’re eating can alter our body's physiological response, even when the nutrients consumed remain constant. In her "Milkshake Study," participants took part in a within-subjects design experiment where they consumed the same 300-calorie shake on separate occasions but were informed it was either a high-calorie, indulgent shake or a sensible, low-calorie diet shake. Remarkably, when participants believed they drank the high-calorie version, their ghrelin levels dropped significantly more than when they believed they consumed the low-calorie version. This indicates that merely believing that you're eating something different can dramatically affect your body's physiological response.
Further excitement in the realm of mindset’s influence on physiology comes from a study with hotel housekeepers. Many workers did not perceive their work as exercise and reported getting little to no exercise. However, informing a group of these workers that their daily activities satisfied the surgeon general's recommendations led to improved health outcomes such as weight loss and reduced blood pressure, despite no change in their behavior or activity level.
Crum’s discussions around stress mindsets reveal profound implications on how individuals respond to stress. She suggests that viewing stress as a naturally enhancing experience can fundamentally change motivation, affect, and engagement. This stress enhancing mindset can lead to improved health outcomes, well-being, and performance. Compared to the negative reaction stress might usually invoke, an enhancing mindset can encourage individuals to leverage stress towards positive outcomes ...
Impacts of Mindsets on Physiology, Behavior, and Outcomes
Alia Crum emphasizes the significance of adopting an "enhancing" mindset when it comes to stress, underscoring that stress should be recognized not just as a challenge, but as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
Crum clarifies that stress is a neutral effect of experiencing or anticipating adversity related to our goals. It arises from concerns that are meaningful to us; we do not stress over inconsequential things. She introduces the concept of an "enhancing" stress mindset, proposing that perceiving stress as beneficial can influence expectations, explanations, and motivations when under stress. This mindset perceives stress as an element that can aid focus, attention, and growth.
Additionally, Crum notes that our physiological responses to stress, such as the release of certain hormones, were designed to enhance performance during challenging times. She touches on concepts like physiological toughening and post-traumatic growth, which show how our bodies and minds can become more resilient and possibly find enhanced joy and passion through chronic stress.
Adopting an enhancing mindset towards stress involves a paradigm shift in how we view stress's role in our lives. Crum's research led to the development of toolkits that guide individuals through a process of acknowledging, welcoming, and utilizing stress.
The initial step in adopting a stress-enhancing mindset is to acknowledge being under stress. Recognizing the presence of stress is crucial because it signifies that something important is happening that requires our attention and effort.
The Importance of an "Enhancing" Mindset Towards Stress
Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser