Essentials: Science of Stress, Testosterone, Aggression & Motivation | Dr. Robert Sapolsky

Do you feel overworked, exhausted, and constantly stressed? If so, you’re not alone.

In Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers, biologist and neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky argues that people today are more stressed than ever before, and it’s causing major physical and mental harm. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to reduce stress in your life and curb the damage caused by chronic stress.

In this guide, we’ll examine the evolution and biology of stress and describe why chronic stress is so harmful physically and psychologically. Then, we’ll look at what you can do to keep stress from causing you too much bodily and mental harm. Throughout the guide, we’ll provide additional context for Sapolsky’s ideas, focusing on the work and research of other scientists and psychologists regarding stress, how it affects us, and how we can manage it.

Do you exercise enough? You know it’s good for your overall health—but do you know it’s also vital for your brain? John Ratey is an associate clinical professor of psychiatry at Harvard, and he’s been convinced by the scientific and clinical evidence—our brains are built to move. He’s seen firsthand how patients struggling with addiction, anxiety, and depression are transformed by exercise.

In Spark, he discusses the evolutionary origins of the mind-body connection and how exercise optimizes brain function and supports mental health. In this guide, we’ll examine these theories as well as Ratey’s recommendations for how to incorporate exercise into your life, exploring which exercise is most beneficial and how you can stick to a routine.

Along the way, we’ll discuss how the theories of other experts align with or differ from Ratey’s ideas, and we’ll update the science where new insights have emerged in the years since the book’s release.

We’re often taught that stress is harmful and best avoided, but The Upside of Stress aims to prove otherwise. Kelly McGonigal argues that stress isn’t the enemy it’s typically made out to be—rather, it’s an ally we should embrace. By changing your mindset on stress, McGonigal claims you can transform it into a resource that leads to enhanced health, greater success, and a more meaningful life.

McGonigal is a health psychologist and professor at Stanford University. She teaches that when it comes to transforming stress, key mindset shifts—like viewing stress as normal and focusing on helping others in order to help yourself—make all the difference.

In this guide, we’ll see what ancient philosophers and modern stress experts have to say about the influence of your mindset on stress. We’ll also look deeper into the studies that support McGonigal’s argument and reconcile her research with updates in psychological literature. Finally, we’ll discuss practical ways to apply McGonigal’s ideas in your daily life.

Robert Sapolsky, a professor of biology and neurology at Stanford University, wrote Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst to explore the myriad influences on human behavior.

As a child, Sapolsky became both fascinated and horrified with the atrocities of the Holocaust, and strove to understand the science behind how people could do such terrible things. That fascination grew into a lifelong study of science and people and led directly to this book.

In this guide, we’ve divided Sapolsky’s ideas along classic “nature versus nurture” lines—in other words, how much are we influenced by our own innate tendencies versus our surroundings and how we were raised? Our commentary will provide background information on Sapolsky’s ideas, explore interesting details to deepen your understanding of the subjects, and examine some scientific theories that conflict with Sapolsky’s.

In this guide for women (men can learn something too), journalists and authors Katty Kay and Claire Shipman examine the art and science of confidence—what it is, why it matters, why women have more trouble accessing it than men, and how this shortage affects professional success, personal achievement, and even happiness. Biology plays a role, and so do systemic inequalities, but confidence is also largely a choice. Learn how to make it in The Confidence Code.

Do you feel overworked, exhausted, and constantly stressed? If so, you’re not alone.

In Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers, biologist and neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky argues that people today are more stressed than ever before, and it’s causing major physical and mental harm. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to reduce stress in your life and curb the damage caused by chronic stress.

In this guide, we’ll examine the evolution and biology of stress and describe why chronic stress is so harmful physically and psychologically. Then, we’ll look at what you can do to keep stress from causing you too much bodily and mental harm. Throughout the guide, we’ll provide additional context for Sapolsky’s ideas, focusing on the work and research of other scientists and psychologists regarding stress, how it affects us, and how we can manage it.

Most people think that happiness comes after success, and that success comes after hard work. But we’ve had the equation all wrong: Happiness isn’t the result of success—it’s the cause of it. In The Happiness Advantage, author Shawn Achor introduces this formula for success, based on research in neuroscience and the relatively new field of positive psychology. Achor offers insight as a leading expert on the connection between happiness and performance and the founder of a research and consulting firm that optimizes people’s achievement through positive psychology.

This book explains the benefits of happiness—from increased creativity to improved health—and how a positive mindset can change your personal and professional life. In addition, Achor provides strategies for adopting a positive mindset, remaining optimistic in the face of adversity, and raising your happiness baseline.

We’re often taught that stress is harmful and best avoided, but The Upside of Stress aims to prove otherwise. Kelly McGonigal argues that stress isn’t the enemy it’s typically made out to be—rather, it’s an ally we should embrace. By changing your mindset on stress, McGonigal claims you can transform it into a resource that leads to enhanced health, greater success, and a more meaningful life.

McGonigal is a health psychologist and professor at Stanford University. She teaches that when it comes to transforming stress, key mindset shifts—like viewing stress as normal and focusing on helping others in order to help yourself—make all the difference.

In this guide, we’ll see what ancient philosophers and modern stress experts have to say about the influence of your mindset on stress. We’ll also look deeper into the studies that support McGonigal’s argument and reconcile her research with updates in psychological literature. Finally, we’ll discuss practical ways to apply McGonigal’s ideas in your daily life.