Podcasts > Huberman Lab > Dr. Becky Kennedy: Overcoming Guilt & Building Tenacity in Kids & Adults

Dr. Becky Kennedy: Overcoming Guilt & Building Tenacity in Kids & Adults

By Scicomm Media

In this episode of Huberman Lab, Dr. Becky Kennedy discusses the importance of nurturing resilience and frustration tolerance in children. She emphasizes teaching kids to manage challenges instead of avoiding them and reframing difficulties as growth opportunities. The discussion covers strategies for helping children differentiate emotions like guilt and shame, setting healthy boundaries, and encouraging independent problem-solving.

Kennedy and Huberman also explore the impact of technology on child development, raising concerns about the effects of constant digital stimulation on attention, patience, and social-emotional growth. They offer insights on balancing tech use and fostering genuine human connections. Their suggestions promote creating safe environments where children can develop self-regulation, resilience, and the ability to cope with life's inevitable struggles.

Listen to the original

Dr. Becky Kennedy: Overcoming Guilt & Building Tenacity in Kids & Adults

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Jan 13, 2025 episode of the Huberman Lab

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.

Dr. Becky Kennedy: Overcoming Guilt & Building Tenacity in Kids & Adults

1-Page Summary

Developing Frustration Tolerance and Resilience in Children

Dr. Becky Kennedy emphasizes the importance of teaching kids to manage frustration instead of avoiding it. She believes struggling and overcoming challenges is crucial for building resilience and skills. Kennedy suggests reframing challenges as growth opportunities and having kids practice resilience through activities like sports and crafts.

Kennedy uses a "Frustration Tolerance Graph" to show the learning journey involves frustration. She recommends acknowledging frustration as being in the "learning space." Modeling healthy coping mechanisms like lowering frustration intensity and breaking tasks into smaller parts helps kids self-regulate. Kennedy hopes frustration tolerance training becomes widespread.

Understanding and Differentiating Emotions Like Guilt and Shame

Kennedy views guilt as an emotion that signals actions deviating from one's values. She differentiates real guilt from misplaced expectations of others. Kennedy advocates guiding kids to act responsibly without crippling shame when making mistakes.

She encourages validating kids' feelings to build resilience. Kennedy believes setting boundaries without guilt helps children healthily express emotions while meeting their needs.

Impact of Technology on Parenting and Child Development

Huberman cautions that constant digital stimulation affects neural development related to attention, patience, and gratification. He and Kennedy propose restricted tech use to help kids understand effort-reward cycles and delayed gratification.

They're concerned technology fragments humans' ability to genuinely connect. While convenient, tech opposes children's developmental need for in-person interaction. Balancing tech usage is crucial for social-emotional growth.

Strategies and Narratives for Effective Parenting

Kennedy and Huberman suggest openly sharing personal struggles builds empathy and reduces shame in kids. Asking open-ended questions encourages independent problem-solving.

They emphasize modeling healthy emotional expression while being emotionally self-reliant to create a safe environment. Kennedy sets clear boundaries and tailors her approach to each child's emotional needs, emphasizing honesty "over comfort."

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While teaching kids to manage frustration is valuable, some argue that too much emphasis on frustration tolerance could lead to children not recognizing when it's appropriate to seek help or avoid harmful situations.
  • Overcoming challenges is important, but some children may require more support and accommodations, and the idea of resilience should not overshadow the need for a supportive environment.
  • Reframing challenges as growth opportunities can be beneficial, but it's also important to acknowledge that not all challenges are fair or beneficial, and some may stem from systemic issues that need to be addressed.
  • Activities like sports and crafts are good for practicing resilience, but they may not be accessible or enjoyable for all children, and other methods of building resilience should also be considered.
  • The "Frustration Tolerance Graph" is a useful tool, but it may oversimplify the complex process of learning and not account for individual differences in children's emotional and cognitive development.
  • While modeling healthy coping mechanisms is helpful, children also learn from their own experiences and may need to find coping strategies that work best for them individually.
  • The idea of widespread frustration tolerance training is ambitious, but it may not be practical or effective in all educational or parenting contexts.
  • Differentiating real guilt from misplaced expectations is important, but it can be challenging in practice, and children may need help understanding and navigating these complex emotions.
  • Encouraging responsibility without shame is a noble goal, but it's important to recognize that some level of shame is a natural and sometimes necessary emotional response.
  • Validating feelings is crucial, but it's also important to teach children how to manage and respond to their emotions in a healthy way.
  • Setting boundaries without guilt is important, but parents and caregivers also need to be flexible and responsive to the changing needs and circumstances of children.
  • While restricted tech use is recommended, technology can also offer educational benefits and opportunities for connection, and the key may be in teaching responsible and mindful use rather than restriction.
  • The concern that technology fragments genuine connection may not fully consider the ways in which digital platforms can foster community and support for some individuals.
  • Sharing personal struggles with children to build empathy must be balanced with maintaining appropriate boundaries and ensuring that the sharing is age-appropriate and not burdensome to the child.
  • Asking open-ended questions is a good practice, but some children may need more guidance and structure to develop problem-solving skills.
  • Modeling emotional self-reliance is important, but children also need to see that seeking support and expressing vulnerability are healthy parts of emotional life.
  • Tailoring approaches to each child's emotional needs is ideal, but it can be challenging in practice, especially in settings like schools where resources and time are limited.
  • Honesty is important, but it must be balanced with sensitivity to the child's developmental stage and emotional capacity to process information.

Actionables

  • Create a "Challenge Diary" where you document daily frustrations and the steps you took to overcome them, noting the outcome and personal growth observed. This diary will serve as a personal record of resilience, helping you to see patterns in your frustrations and how you handle them, which can lead to better strategies for managing challenges.
  • Develop a "Tech-Free Time" routine in your household where everyone engages in an activity that doesn't involve screens, such as board games, reading, or outdoor play. This practice will help everyone learn to appreciate the effort-reward cycle and improve attention spans and patience without the immediate gratification that technology often provides.
  • Start a "Family Emotions Roundtable" where each family member shares a personal struggle they faced during the week and how they dealt with it. This activity fosters a supportive environment that encourages open communication, empathy, and the understanding that it's okay to make mistakes and learn from them.

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Dr. Becky Kennedy: Overcoming Guilt & Building Tenacity in Kids & Adults

Developing Frustration Tolerance and Resilience in Children

In the dynamic world that children grow up in, Kennedy and Huberman reveal the critical need for programs that cultivate resilience by teaching frustration tolerance, managing reactions to challenges, and the importance of finding one's passion.

Cultivating a Growth Mindset and Embracing Learning

Struggle and Frustration Are Crucial for Resilience and Skill Development

Kennedy discusses the significance of teaching children to manage frustration rather than trying to eliminate the source of it. She conveys that inconvenience and struggle are not only necessary but beneficial for learning resilience and capability. According to Kennedy, watching oneself overcome challenges is a thrilling experience that can become addictive. She insists it is crucial for children to learn that feeling capable comes from overcoming difficult tasks, not just from success.

Helping Children Reframe Challenges As Growth Opportunities

Kennedy stresses the idea of reframing challenges as opportunities for growth, hoping her children would base various struggles at home where they can develop skills to manage them. She also suggests that by sharing personal struggles with children and showing them the process of working through those struggles, parents can help children view such challenges as growth opportunities. Kennedy believes that by practicing resilience in non-toxic environments like sports and crafting, children can better handle frustration.

Teaching Practical Strategies For Managing Frustration

Introducing the "Frustration Tolerance Graph" to Aid Children In Learning

Kennedy has a graph that portrays the learning journey from not knowing how to do something to becoming proficient, a phase characterized by frustration. She suggests an exercise for children where they acknowledge their frustration, which is congratulated as a sign of being in the "learning space." This reframe encourages kids to view stress or nervousness as normal and something to be proud of.

Modeling Healthy Coping Mechanisms and Self-Regulation Skills

Drawing from Huberman's scientific insights, Kennedy advocates teaching kids to perceive emotions on a "dimmer switch," enabling them to regulate emotional intensity. For instance, she suggests that children should learn to lower frustration from a nine out of ten to a more manageable seven, highlighting the necessity of learni ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Developing Frustration Tolerance and Resilience in Children

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While teaching frustration tolerance is important, it's also necessary to ensure that children are not consistently exposed to overwhelming situations that exceed their current coping abilities, as this could lead to negative outcomes such as anxiety or learned helplessness.
  • The concept of reframing challenges as growth opportunities might not always be applicable, especially in situations where the challenge is a result of an unhealthy environment or systemic issues that need to be addressed rather than tolerated.
  • The idea that struggle and frustration are crucial for skill development might inadvertently minimize the importance of positive reinforcement and the role of success in building self-efficacy and motivation.
  • The "Frustration Tolerance Graph" and the concept of a "dimmer switch" for emotions may oversimplify the complex nature of emotional regulation and learning processes in children.
  • The emphasis on individual resilience might overlook the importance of systemic changes and support structures that can reduce unnecessary frustrations and barriers to learning.
  • Modeling healthy coping mechanisms is important, but it's also crucial to recognize that children are individuals with unique temperaments and what works for one child may not work for another.
  • The focus on non-toxic environments like sports and crafting may not take into account that these activities can also become sources of frustration and stress if n ...

Actionables

  • You can create a "Challenge Diary" for your child where they record daily challenges and their feelings about them, encouraging reflection and emotional articulation. This diary would serve as a personal log where your child can write about the challenges they faced during the day, how they felt, what strategies they used to cope, and what they learned. For example, if they struggled with a math problem, they could describe the frustration, note how they broke the problem into smaller parts, and express the satisfaction of eventually solving it.
  • Develop a "Resilience Recipe Book" with your child, compiling various coping strategies for different emotions and situations. This could be a fun, creative project where you and your child come up with different 'recipes' for handling emotions. For instance, a 'recipe' for dealing with anger might include steps like taking ten deep breaths, imagining a calm place, or talking about the feeling with someone. Each 'recipe' would be a step-by-step guide tailored to different scenarios, like dealing with a lost toy or facing a tough homework assignment.
  • Introduce a family "Emotion Meter" where each membe ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Dr. Becky Kennedy: Overcoming Guilt & Building Tenacity in Kids & Adults

Understanding and Differentiating Emotions Like Guilt and Shame

Dr. Becky Kennedy and Huberman delve into the complexities of emotions like guilt and shame, discussing how they can be understood, managed, and distinguished to foster healthier responses to life's challenges.

Guilt as an Indicator of Value Alignment

Kennedy posits that guilt can serve as a natural consequence that brings awareness to the divergence between one's actions and values.

Distinguishing True Guilt From Misattribution of Others' Emotions

Kennedy clarifies the importance of distinguishing true guilt from the misattribution of others' emotions. She explains, using the example of a parent feeling guilty about going to dinner with friends, that this feeling may not be true guilt if going to dinner aligns with her values. Huberman also discusses feeling bad for not responding to texts promptly, reflecting on whether his feelings are genuinely guilt or a product of misplaced expectations. Kennedy suggests that naming and communicating mismatches between expectations and actions can diffuse false guilt.

Guiding Children to Responsibly Act Without Crippling Shame

Kennedy further discusses how helping children to act according to their values without experiencing crippling shame when they deviate from expectations or make mistakes is crucial. A child feeling guilty about taking an eraser can be a healthy signal that leads to behavior change and provides a teachable moment without causing excessive shame.

Fostering Self-Compassion and Emotional Awareness

Kennedy emphasizes the importance of encouraging the healthy expression of feelings and fostering emotional resilience, especially in children.

Encouraging Children to Express Feelings Healthily

Kennedy stresses that emotional talks with children are valuable as emotions contain important information. She encourages parents to help their children build resilience by acknowledging and embracing their emotions. Feeling something intensely enough to cry indicates significant information, and Kennedy suggests that these feelings should be attended to rather than dismissed.

Empowering Children to Set Boundaries Guilt-Free

Kennedy discusses how societal conditioning, par ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Understanding and Differentiating Emotions Like Guilt and Shame

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While guilt can indicate a misalignment with one's values, it can also be a result of overly rigid or unrealistic personal standards, which may not always be beneficial to recognize or adhere to.
  • The distinction between true guilt and misattributed emotions may not always be clear-cut, as emotions can be complex and influenced by a variety of internal and external factors.
  • Communicating mismatches between expectations and actions may not always diffuse false guilt, as some individuals may struggle with internalized beliefs or anxiety that perpetuate feelings of guilt regardless of communication.
  • While it's important to prevent crippling shame in children, some critics argue that a certain level of shame is a natural and necessary part of moral development and socialization.
  • The idea that feeling guilty about a minor transgression like taking an eraser is a healthy signal could be challenged by those who believe in more restorative or understanding approaches to mistakes, especially in children.
  • The emphasis on emotional expression and resilience may overlook the fact that some cultures value emotional restraint and may interpret the encouragement of emotional expression as a lack of discipline or control.
  • The assertion that crying indicates significant information might be contested by those who point out that crying can also be a physiological response to various stimuli, not always indicative of an emotional revelation that needs to be address ...

Actionables

  • Create a "Guilt and Values" journal to track instances when you feel guilty, noting the value you feel you've compromised and the action that led to this feeling. This practice helps you become more aware of your core values and how your actions align with them. For example, if you feel guilty after snapping at a friend, write it down and reflect on the value of kindness or patience that you might have breached. Over time, this can guide you to make more value-consistent choices.
  • Develop a "Boundary Blueprint" where you outline your personal needs and the boundaries necessary to protect them. Use this blueprint to practice setting and communicating these boundaries to others without guilt. For instance, if you need quiet time after work to decompress, your blueprint might include a specific time frame during which you're unavailable for social calls. Sharing this with friends and family helps them understand your needs and respects your space.
  • Initiate a "Feelings Flashcard" activity with your children or young relatives to he ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Dr. Becky Kennedy: Overcoming Guilt & Building Tenacity in Kids & Adults

Impact of Technology on Parenting and Child Development

Andrew Huberman and Becky Kennedy investigate the profound ways in which technology is influencing parenting practices and the development of children, underscoring the challenges related to gratification, attention spans, and the nurturing of human connections.

Recognizing Neurological Impacts of Constant Digital Stimulation

Andrew Huberman addresses how a significant percentage of young people, who are sleep-deprived, face serious deficits in neural rewiring — an issue indirectly tied to technology usage that affects sleep, attention spans, and gratification processes. Huberman also discusses the strain our brains face from sudden adaptations to being aware of many people's activities and emotional states through technologies like text messaging. Similarly, Becky Kennedy speaks to technology's fundamental reshaping of evolutionary drives around attachment, shifting gratification from direct interactions to multiple digital sources such as social media notifications.

The constant barrage of digital stimulation is suggested by Kennedy to be impacting our natural selection of instant gratification over long-term benefits, potentially affecting neurological responses to slower Non-tech-related activities deemed as depressing or boring.

Promoting Delayed Gratification and Variable Effort-Reward Schedules

The immediate [restricted term] rush from technology, as opposed to the satisfaction derived from the effort and reward cycle of activities like completing a puzzle, is a point of discussion. Both Huberman and Kennedy highlight the importance of helping children develop the space between wanting and having which technology can compress, thereby reducing their tolerance to frustration and the learning process.

Becky Kennedy suggests that setting non-negotiable rules, like restricting phone usage, can help encourage delayed gratification in children. Andrew Huberman conducted a personal experiment with technology distancing, placing physical barriers between himself and his phone to break the cycle of instant gratification. This practice highlighted the significance of managing and appreciating variable rewards that come after different durations and efforts — similar to earning birthday money versus rewards that come from actual effort.

Preserving Opportunities for Human Connection and Learning

Technology's Role In Fragmenting Attention and Relationships

Huberman notes the challenge of technology tethering us to the emotional states of many others, fragmenting our attention and potentially hindering genuine human connections. This new normal contrasts starkly with historical hu ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Impact of Technology on Parenting and Child Development

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Neural rewiring deficits due to constant digital stimulation occur when the brain's neural pathways are impacted by excessive exposure to technology, leading to challenges in functions like sleep, attention, and gratification processes. This can result in difficulties in neural adaptation and cognitive processing, affecting various aspects of behavior and mental health. The constant influx of digital information can overwhelm the brain's capacity to adapt and respond effectively, potentially leading to disruptions in normal neurological functioning. Over time, this can contribute to issues like decreased attention spans, altered sleep patterns, and challenges in managing emotions and impulses.
  • Technology reshaping evolutionary drives around attachment and gratification means that the way humans seek and experience emotional connections and instant rewards is being altered by the prevalence of digital interactions. This shift impacts how individuals prioritize and fulfill their needs for social bonding and immediate satisfaction, often favoring quick, digital interactions over deeper, in-person relationships. The constant availability of technology can influence how individuals perceive and engage with attachment and gratification processes, potentially leading to changes in behavior and emotional responses. This transformation in evolutionary drives highlights the significant role technology plays in shaping human interactions and psychological processes in the modern digital age.
  • The effort-reward cycle involves deriving satisfaction from completing tasks that require effort before receiving a reward. This contrasts with the immediate [restricted term] rush triggered by technology use, where instant gratification is obtained without the need for significant effort. The contrast highlights the importance of teaching children the value of delayed gratification and the benefits of working towards a goal before experiencing the reward. Balancing these experiences can help children develop patience, resilience, and a deeper appreciation for the rewards earned through effort.
  • Managing variable rewards for frustration tolerance and learning involves exposing individuals, especially children, to situations where rewards are not immediate or consistent. By experiencing delays in gratification and varying levels of effort required to achieve rewards, individuals can develop patience, resilience, and a deeper understanding of the value of persistence. This practice helps in building frustration tolerance, which is crucial for navigating challenges and setbacks in life, and enhances the learning process by encouraging individuals to engage in tasks that may not offer instant gratification but lead to long-term benefits.
  • The concept of the multiplicity of digital relationships making in-person interactions less appealing suggests that the availability of numerous online connections through social media and other digital platforms can lead individuals, especially children, to prioritize virtual interactions over face-to-face engagements. This shift in preference may occur because digital interactions often offer immediate gratification, constant stimulation, and a sense of control that can make real-world interactions seem slower, less stimulating, or less convenient in comparison. This trend can impact how individuals, particularly children, perceive and engage in traditional in-person relationships, potentially affecting the depth and quality of the ...

Counterarguments

  • Technology can enhance learning and development when used appropriately, offering educational content and interactive learning tools.
  • Digital literacy is a necessary skill for children to thrive in the modern world, and early exposure can be beneficial.
  • Technology can facilitate human connections across distances, allowing children to maintain relationships with distant relatives and friends.
  • Not all technology use leads to instant gratification; some games and apps are designed to teach patience and problem-solving over time.
  • The impact of technology on attention spans is complex and may not be solely negative; some studies suggest that interactive media can improve visual attention and task-switching abilities.
  • Parental involvement and guidance can mitigate many of the negative effects of technology, emphasizing the role of parenting rather than the technology itself.
  • The idea that technology is inherently at odds with natural sleep patterns and human connections may be an oversimplification, as technology can also be used to promote healthy habits and facilitate social interactions.
  • The assumption that in-person interactions are always superior to digital ones may not account for the diverse ways in which individuals socialize and form meaningful relationship ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Dr. Becky Kennedy: Overcoming Guilt & Building Tenacity in Kids & Adults

Strategies and Narratives for Effective Parenting

Andrew Huberman and Becky Kennedy delve into the complexities of modern parenting, stressing the importance of shared narratives and empathy to help children navigate through their experiences.

Using Stories and Socratic Questioning For Self-Reflection and Problem-Solving

Sharing Struggles and Growth to Build Empathy and Reduce Shame

Huberman and Kennedy suggest a narrative of shared struggles and growth can foster empathy and reduce shame in children. Kennedy advocates for parents to openly share both past and current personal struggles with their children. This openness helps to demonstrate perseverance and de-stigmatize failure. Huberman further emphasizes the importance of acknowledging imperfections and vulnerability, which can build empathy and help children cope with the inevitable reality that they too will make mistakes.

They discuss situations where children may behave in ways that could be quickly judged negatively, such as indulging an urge to push all the elevator buttons. Instead of labeling the child negatively, acknowledging a child’s lack of skill in regulating impulses is encouraged, as it fosters understanding and reduces shame. Huberman shares his experience about discussing mistakes with his father as a learning curve, reinforcing the idea that it is acceptable not to be perfect at everything. These personal narratives serve as powerful tools for building empathy and understanding in children.

Kennedy reflects on her daughter’s early struggles with speech apraxia and how overcoming such challenges non-verbally can build empathy and self-confidence. She shares her own practice of choosing to play a game she is not proficient in, like Scattergories, to show her children that facing challenges is a normal part of life.

Encouraging Children to Explore Solutions Through Open-Ended Questions

Kennedy promotes the use of Socratic questioning, engaging children with open-ended questions that encourage them to explore solutions independently. She emphasizes the importance of provoking thoughtful developmental processes rather than simply handing out answers. For example, through storytelling, parents can inspire children to think about how they would approach problems and build resilience.

Kennedy suggests preparing children for future challenges by equating it to the training of pilots, emphasizing the value of encouraging problem-solving skills. She believes using personal narratives effectively prompts children to reflect on their frustrations and consider alternative ways to tolerate and navigate them. Huberman adds that questions create an open loop in the brain that seeks closure through finding solutions, set forth more effectively than by making statements.

Cultivating an Environment of Trust and Emotional Safety

Modeling Healthy Emotional Expression and Regulation For Children

Kennedy and Huberman underscore the importance of creating emotionally supportive environments for children. They discuss the value of sharing emotions honestly with children and providing clear explanations, arguing that this builds resilience and ensures that feelings are honored rather than suppressed.

Kennedy explains the importance of showing emotions in a healthy way, assuring children that they can notice and care about feelings, but they are not responsible for fixing them. Children can be empathetic without feeling responsible for their parents' emotional challenges. She notes that parents need to be sturdy and self-reliant to avoid becoming overly dependent on their children for emotional support.

Huberman highlights the necessity of a coherent narrative to explain emotional experiences, as the absence of information can be harmful to children. Kennedy states that creating an environment of trust and emotional safety is also about recognizing and adapting to the varying emotional needs of each child within the family.

Clear Boundaries and Expectations, Res ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Strategies and Narratives for Effective Parenting

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While sharing personal struggles can foster empathy, it's important to consider the child's age and maturity level to ensure the information shared is appropriate and not overwhelming.
  • Acknowledging imperfections is valuable, but it's also important to teach children the importance of striving for excellence and the value of hard work.
  • Open-ended questions are beneficial for problem-solving, but there should be a balance with direct guidance to help children learn from the experience and knowledge of their parents.
  • Personal narratives can be powerful, but relying solely on them may not always be effective for all children, as some may require more concrete examples or direct instruction.
  • Modeling healthy emotional expression is important, but parents also need to teach children how to manage their emotions and not just express them.
  • Creating emotionally supportive environments is crucial, but it's also important to prepare children for situations where they may not have emotional support.
  • Setting clear boundaries is necessary, but being too rigid can stifle a child's sense of independence and ability to make their own choices.
  • ...

Actionables

  • You can start a "Family Growth Journal" where each member, including the children, writes about their daily challenges and how they overcame them. This practice not only encourages writing and reflection but also provides a platform for sharing personal growth stories. For example, if a child struggled with a math problem, they could write about the struggle and the steps they took to solve it, which can later be discussed as a family to celebrate their perseverance and problem-solving.
  • Create a "Mistake of the Week" ritual where you and your children share a mistake made during the week and what was learned from it. This could be done during a weekly family dinner where everyone takes turns. For instance, you might share a work-related error and the corrective action you took, demonstrating that mistakes are opportunities for learning, not just for children but for adults too.
  • Develop a "Feelings and Solutions" card game that prompts ch ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free

Create Summaries for anything on the web

Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser

Shortform Extension CTA