In this episode of the Huberman Lab podcast, Allan Schore explains the neurobiology behind emotional development and attachment styles. He describes how the right brain dominates early childhood development, governing the nonverbal communication and intuitive attunement between mother and infant that shapes the child's emotional regulation abilities.
Schore explores how attachment styles - secure, avoidant, or anxious - impact a person's capacity for emotional self-regulation throughout life. He also delves into the right brain's higher functions, including creativity and intuition, suggesting that engaging right-brain activities may aid in accessing implicit emotional knowledge and self-regulation.
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The right hemisphere of the brain undergoes a major growth spurt from the last trimester of pregnancy through the first two years of life, according to Allan Schore. This period reflects the dominance of the right brain before the left hemisphere's growth surge later.
Schore emphasizes that the attachment relationship between mother and infant involves a right brain-to-right brain connection, with the mother intuitively attuning to and regulating the infant's emotional states through nonverbal communication. This lays the foundation for the child's emotional self-regulation abilities.
Secure attachment allows efficient switching between self-regulation and seeking support, enabling both independent emotion management and utilizing interactive regulation. Conversely, insecure attachment leads to imbalances: avoidant individuals over-rely on self-regulation, while anxious individuals struggle with self-regulation and chronically seek co-regulation from others.
Schore discusses the right brain's role in complex psychological processes like intuition, creativity, spirituality and love. Engaging right-brain activities like art and nature may help access implicit emotional knowledge and promote regulation. Schore advocates leveraging right brain-to-right brain connection in therapy for emotional change.
1-Page Summary
The first two years of life are a critical period for emotional development, and the neurobiology of attachment plays a significant role in shaping an individual's ability to navigate relationships and regulate emotions later in life. Allan Schore and other experts discuss the importance of the right brain during this developmental phase.
Allan Schore emphasizes that the right hemisphere of the brain has a significant growth spurt from the last trimester of pregnancy through the first two years of life. This period reflects the dominance of the right brain before the left hemisphere begins its rapid growth spurt at the end of the second year and into the third year. Schore notes that the right brain has a control system for attachment and is crucial in regulating nonverbal communication and emotional arousal before the development of speech.
Studies conducted in Mexico and elsewhere have shown that at each developmental stage—spanning from two to three months, six to eight months, and nine to twelve months—the right hemisphere is growing more rapidly than the left. Schore indicates that critical development involving brain regions like the amygdala, insula, and cingulate occurs during this time, especially around six weeks, marking the beginning of the critical period of the right brain.
The right brain circuitries of both the infant and the primary caretaker are integral in developing resonance and moving between states of calm and excitement. The attachment relationship is critical for emotional development and involves the mother recognizing the baby’s emotions, synchronizing with those emotions, and then regulating them, often intuitively.
The mother uses nonverbal communications such as facial expressions, voice prosody, and gestures to adjust her infant's emotional arousal. These interactions involve regulation of the limbic-autonomic circuits located in the right brain, forming the foundation for attachment and the child's subsequent ability to self-regulate emotions.
The right orbital frontal cortex, which is part of the right hemisphere, plays a key role in regulating the amygdala and is therefore essential in attachment and emotional regulation. Allan Schore also discusses thoughtful moments in therapy, which involve a therapist's right brain c ...
The neurobiology of attachment and emotional development in the first 24 months of life
Attachment styles such as avoidant, anxious, or secure, developed during the first 24 months of life, continue to shape how individuals relate to others and themselves throughout adulthood, impacting romantic relationships, friendships, professional relations, and self-relationships. Secure attachment enables efficient emotional regulation, as evidenced by securely attached children who can both self-soothe and seek comfort from others when distressed.
A securely attached mother is noted to be a good emotional regulator for her infant, capable of managing positive and negative emotional states, and fostering this same regulation ability in her child. Allan Schore and Huberman discuss how a secure mother-child attachment leads to the child developing the ability to regulate emotional states independently by the end of the second year. Secure attachment facilitates the capacity for both self-regulation and interactive regulation, where individuals learn how to regulate their own emotions as well as go to another person for emotional support. This involves both the down-regulation of negative states and the up-regulation of positive states. During attachment processes, the mother's psychobiological attunement with the child also affects the child's physiological states, thus impacting the child's autonomic nervous system, essential for forming secure attachment. The importance of repair in response to misattunement, where secure attachment includes the ability to reconnect and realign after a miscommunication or emotional discord, is also highlighted.
In contrast, insecure attachment styles, such as avoidant or anxious attachments, lead to imbalances in emotional regulation. Avoidantly attached individuals tend to over-rely on self-regulation and are described as dismissive of the need for interactive regulation, preferring to self-regulate and steer clear of interpersonal closeness. They tend to emotionally disengage and maintain an abstract interaction during stress, unable to feel emotions but still able to understand communication intellectually.
Conversely, anxiously attached individuals struggle with self-regulation and chronically seek co-regulation, always looking for others to help regulate their emotions. They are characterized by continual activation of their attachment system, showing a reliance on immediate responses from others, such as in moments of distress epitomized by an urgent need for text message replies.
These attachment styl ...
Differences in attachment styles and their impacts on emotional regulation and psychological functioning
Allan Schore discusses the significant role the right brain plays in unconscious emotional processing, particularly during interpersonal interactions, emphasizing its involvement in higher-order psychological processes such as intuition, creativity, imagination, humor, spirituality, and love.
The right brain is not only involved in unconscious processes but also in intuitively understanding social cues, such as whether it feels safe to be with someone or whether there is mutual understanding. Schore emphasizes that the right hemisphere powers complex functions, such as the development of the subjective self, and oversees increasingly complex functions from infancy.
Additionally, the right brain is intuitive and imagistic, responsible for experiencing the world through emotional relationships. This hemisphere is dominant for attention, using wide-ranging attention that encompasses both external and internal physiological changes.
Schore discusses the resistance to recognizing the right brain's complexities, highlighting its early lateralization and development in utero. He also indicates that the right hemisphere is much more connected to the body and dominant for will, including unconscious will.
Schore describes the right brain's dominance in our highest levels of nature, linking its functions to quiet and excited love, humor, and spirituality, and the retention of deeply emotional and perhaps intuitive or creative interpersonal experiences.
Neuroimaging research demonstrates that in empathic states during face-to-face interactions, the right brain of one person can synchronize with the right brain of another, specifically at the right temporal parietal junction, which is involved in processing the face, tone of voice (prosody), and gestures.
Schore implies that activities like art, music, and being in nature are vital for feeding the right brain what it needs, potentially implicating the regulation of emotions and accessing implicit emotional knowledge. Schore even returned to playing the piano and visualizing cellular processes to engage his right brain.
Engaging the right brain through these activities could offer a methodology that can be applied in therapeutic settings to facilitate emotional and psychological change through right brain-to-right brain communication.
The role of the right brain in higher-order psychological processes
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