In this episode of Hidden Brain, Paul Bloom examines why humans deliberately seek out unpleasant experiences in controlled settings. From eating spicy foods to watching scary movies, or participating in activities like cold plunges and fire-walking rituals, Bloom and host Shankar Vedantam explore the concept of "benign masochism" - the tendency to voluntarily engage with mild forms of pain or discomfort.
The discussion delves into the psychological and social factors behind this behavior. Bloom and Vedantam explain how shared challenging experiences can strengthen social bonds, how the contrast between discomfort and relief can enhance overall satisfaction, and how some individuals use controlled discomfort as a form of self-punishment or atonement. Through various examples from entertainment, cultural rituals, and everyday life, they illustrate the complex relationship humans have with voluntary discomfort.
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Paul Bloom explores the fascinating human inclination to seek out pain and discomfort in controlled settings. This phenomenon is illustrated through various examples, from James's mall streaking adventure—which provided both an adrenaline rush and social validation—to more common activities like eating spicy foods or watching scary movies.
Bloom introduces the concept of "benign masochism," describing how people deliberately seek mild pain in controlled settings where they can manage the intensity. This behavior manifests in various ways, from participating in electric shock games to engaging in physical challenges like hot saunas or cold plunges.
According to Bloom and Shankar Vedantam, shared suffering can create powerful social bonds. Group challenges, whether streaking or participating in fire-walking rituals, often strengthen connections between participants and can even enhance social status. These activities frequently serve as demonstrations of toughness or resilience within social groups.
Bloom explains that people sometimes seek unpleasant experiences because the contrast enhances their enjoyment of relief. This "hedonic balance" principle suggests that less enjoyable activities can make pleasant experiences more rewarding by breaking the monotony of constant comfort.
The researchers also discuss how some individuals seek discomfort as a form of self-punishment or atonement for perceived wrongdoings, though they caution that severe forms of self-harm require professional intervention.
Bloom and Vedantam explore how uncomfortable experiences manifest across different aspects of life. In entertainment, horror and thriller films offer a "safe" outlet for experiencing fear and tension without real danger. Cultural and religious rituals often incorporate painful experiences to enhance community cohesion and showcase personal fortitude.
In everyday life, people deliberately seek out challenging experiences through activities like extreme exercise or cold showers. Bloom shares his personal experience of taking hot baths after shoveling snow, demonstrating how the contrast between discomfort and relief can enhance overall satisfaction.
1-Page Summary
Humans have a curious inclination to engage in activities that invoke pain and discomfort, exhibiting behaviors that push the boundaries of conventional pleasantness. Paul Bloom delves into this phenomenon, exploring the psychological underpinnings that drive individuals towards such experiences.
James's example of mall streaking is emblematic of this tendency. It was a thrill-driven act, exposing James and his friends to high-adrenaline situations underscored by the fear of getting caught as they dashed through a crowded mall. This adrenaline rush appears to be a significant part of why people seek out these experiences.
The streaking incident involved an elated escape into the getaway car, where the high from the adrenaline continued to resonate with the group. They analyzed the event's exciting nature and relished the aftermath together.
James's recognition by people from school and church during the streak captures the social aspect of the stunt. Performing before an audience they knew heightened the risk and need for social validation. Additionally, the collective execution of the streak by James and his friends suggests that the act doubled as a shared adventure that strengthened their group bond. The varying reactions from his peers at school further indicate the social approval aspect of their actions.
Paul Bloom introduces the term "benign masochism," which encapsulates the human propensity to deliberately seek mild pain in settings where they can control the intensity.
Benign masochism is described as an active pursuit of pain and suffering within certain limits, ensuring no permanent harm is done. People engage in behaviors that involve low levels of pain as a way of stirring up their sensory experiences.
Examples provided by Bloom include par ...
Human Tendency to Seek Unpleasant Experiences
Psychologists like Paul Bloom and others explore why individuals sometimes deliberately seek out unpleasant experiences, noting that these actions often serve social, emotional, and psychological functions.
Experiencing a painful event together can create a strong bond between people, according to Bloom. This concept is illustrated when James and his friends go streaking together; the excitement shared in the car afterwards suggests that the group challenge they undertook together strengthened their bonds. These activities are likely more enjoyable when done with others, indicating that shared embarrassing or unpleasant activities can foster camaraderie.
Bloom and Shankar Vedantam discuss how group challenges, such as streaking or even participating in fire-walking rituals due to social pressure, can transform and strengthen connections with others. The high-fives James received at school after the streaking incident hint at the social bonding aspect and possibly even the gain of status among peers.
Bloom says that activities like engaging in wasabi consumption or slapping contests are social ways to demonstrate toughness. He mentions a Hindu festival where enduring pain can improve participants' standing in the community and make them attractive to women, pointing out that such acts are often done in groups, fostering camaraderie.
Paul Bloom suggests that sometimes people seek out unpleasant experiences because the release from them feels so good. He recalls the intense pleasure of coming into a hot bath after shoveling snow and states that our experiences are based on contrast; even neutral experiences feel good if preceded by pain.
Bloom discusses the idea of "hedonic balance," whereby people balance their activities by doing something enjoyable and then something less enjoyable. This balance might imply a contrast between the discomfort of potential social embarrassment and the exhilarating pleasure of executing a thrilling, socially taboo challenge, like streaking.
The satisfaction people can feel after the release from discomfort is evident when Vedantam brings up how people find relief blissful after experiences such as intense chiropractic or massage therapy sessions. The concept also applies when habitual pleasure becomes less satisfying over time—a phenomenon termed "habituation"—and people seek out unpleasant ac ...
Psychological and Social Reasons For Seeking Unpleasant Experiences
Bloom and Vedantam explore why people may intentionally seek out uncomfortable experiences in entertainment, social rituals, and daily life, and how these encounters can offer unique emotional rewards and social benefits.
Paul Bloom and Shankar Vedantam discuss the appeal of the horror and thriller genres in entertainment as a way for individuals to engage with discomfort in a controlled environment.
Bloom explains that while actually being scared is not enjoyable, experiencing fear through fiction can be pleasurable because it is safe. The viewer can engage with frightening scenarios without any real danger. Vedantam compares the experience to watching movie sequels, where the thrill is balanced by the predictability, allowing audiences to enjoy the tension without genuine risk.
Bloom also notes that children often prefer repeatedly hearing the same story because it provides a feeling of safety and predictability. In a similar vein, the trend of streaking combines excitement and anticipation with the fear of consequences, creating emotions similar to those enjoyed in entertainment.
Bloom and Vedantam address how painful cultural and religious rituals can play significant roles in social bonding and individual identity.
Describing a Hindu festival featuring rituals such as walking over hot coals and piercing with skewers, Bloom highlights the community-building aspect of these painful experiences.
Vedantam recalls swimming in very cold water with a friend, suggesting that these shared, uncomfortable experiences can enhance social bonds and showcase resilience within a cultural context. Dimitri’s research supports this, showing that observing others endure community-related suffering i ...
Seeking Unpleasant Experiences in Various Contexts
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