Podcasts > Hidden Brain > Ouch! That Feels Great

Ouch! That Feels Great

By Hidden Brain Media

In this episode of Hidden Brain, Paul Bloom examines why humans deliberately seek out unpleasant experiences in controlled settings. From eating spicy foods to watching scary movies, or participating in activities like cold plunges and fire-walking rituals, Bloom and host Shankar Vedantam explore the concept of "benign masochism" - the tendency to voluntarily engage with mild forms of pain or discomfort.

The discussion delves into the psychological and social factors behind this behavior. Bloom and Vedantam explain how shared challenging experiences can strengthen social bonds, how the contrast between discomfort and relief can enhance overall satisfaction, and how some individuals use controlled discomfort as a form of self-punishment or atonement. Through various examples from entertainment, cultural rituals, and everyday life, they illustrate the complex relationship humans have with voluntary discomfort.

Listen to the original

Ouch! That Feels Great

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Jun 9, 2025 episode of the Hidden Brain

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.

Ouch! That Feels Great

1-Page Summary

Human Tendency to Seek Unpleasant Experiences

Paul Bloom explores the fascinating human inclination to seek out pain and discomfort in controlled settings. This phenomenon is illustrated through various examples, from James's mall streaking adventure—which provided both an adrenaline rush and social validation—to more common activities like eating spicy foods or watching scary movies.

Bloom introduces the concept of "benign masochism," describing how people deliberately seek mild pain in controlled settings where they can manage the intensity. This behavior manifests in various ways, from participating in electric shock games to engaging in physical challenges like hot saunas or cold plunges.

Psychological and Social Reasons For Seeking Unpleasant Experiences

According to Bloom and Shankar Vedantam, shared suffering can create powerful social bonds. Group challenges, whether streaking or participating in fire-walking rituals, often strengthen connections between participants and can even enhance social status. These activities frequently serve as demonstrations of toughness or resilience within social groups.

Bloom explains that people sometimes seek unpleasant experiences because the contrast enhances their enjoyment of relief. This "hedonic balance" principle suggests that less enjoyable activities can make pleasant experiences more rewarding by breaking the monotony of constant comfort.

The researchers also discuss how some individuals seek discomfort as a form of self-punishment or atonement for perceived wrongdoings, though they caution that severe forms of self-harm require professional intervention.

Seeking Unpleasant Experiences in Various Contexts

Bloom and Vedantam explore how uncomfortable experiences manifest across different aspects of life. In entertainment, horror and thriller films offer a "safe" outlet for experiencing fear and tension without real danger. Cultural and religious rituals often incorporate painful experiences to enhance community cohesion and showcase personal fortitude.

In everyday life, people deliberately seek out challenging experiences through activities like extreme exercise or cold showers. Bloom shares his personal experience of taking hot baths after shoveling snow, demonstrating how the contrast between discomfort and relief can enhance overall satisfaction.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The concept of "benign masochism" might oversimplify the complex psychological motivations behind why individuals seek out pain and discomfort.
  • The idea that shared suffering always creates strong social bonds could be challenged by noting that it can also lead to trauma or negative psychological effects for some individuals.
  • The "hedonic balance" principle may not account for all experiences, as some individuals might find no pleasure in relief after discomfort, instead experiencing prolonged stress or dissatisfaction.
  • The notion that seeking unpleasant experiences can be a form of self-punishment might not fully consider the broader psychological or cultural contexts that influence such behaviors.
  • The assertion that unpleasant experiences break the monotony of comfort overlooks the possibility that some individuals may find a consistent state of comfort to be deeply fulfilling and not monotonous.
  • The claim that horror and thriller films provide a "safe" outlet for experiencing fear could be contested by pointing out that some individuals may be negatively affected by such content, experiencing lasting anxiety or fear.
  • The idea that cultural and religious rituals that incorporate pain enhance community cohesion might not consider the individual variations in how people experience and interpret pain within these rituals.
  • The suggestion that people deliberately seek challenging experiences like extreme exercise or cold showers might not acknowledge the full spectrum of motivations behind these activities, such as health benefits or personal goals, rather than solely the pursuit of discomfort.

Actionables

  • You can explore new culinary experiences by trying dishes with unconventional or spicy ingredients to safely introduce discomfort and potentially enhance your dining pleasure. For example, participate in a spicy food challenge at a local restaurant or cook a recipe that includes ingredients you're not accustomed to, like bitter melon or durian fruit, to experience benign masochism in a controlled environment.
  • Create a personal ritual that involves a small, uncomfortable act to build resilience and self-discipline, such as taking a brief cold shower each morning or sitting in silence for a few minutes each day. This daily practice can serve as a form of self-imposed challenge that breaks the monotony of your routine and can make subsequent comfortable activities feel more rewarding.
  • Engage in a group fitness challenge with friends or colleagues, like a mud run or a team obstacle course, to experience shared discomfort that can strengthen social bonds. The collective effort and overcoming of obstacles can lead to a sense of accomplishment and camaraderie, enhancing your social connections and providing a sense of belonging within the group.

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Ouch! That Feels Great

Human Tendency to Seek Unpleasant Experiences

Humans have a curious inclination to engage in activities that invoke pain and discomfort, exhibiting behaviors that push the boundaries of conventional pleasantness. Paul Bloom delves into this phenomenon, exploring the psychological underpinnings that drive individuals towards such experiences.

Embarrassing or Uncomfortable Activities

James's example of mall streaking is emblematic of this tendency. It was a thrill-driven act, exposing James and his friends to high-adrenaline situations underscored by the fear of getting caught as they dashed through a crowded mall. This adrenaline rush appears to be a significant part of why people seek out these experiences.

Mall Streaking: Thrill-Driven Adrenaline

The streaking incident involved an elated escape into the getaway car, where the high from the adrenaline continued to resonate with the group. They analyzed the event's exciting nature and relished the aftermath together.

Social Approval or Peer Bonding Motivation

James's recognition by people from school and church during the streak captures the social aspect of the stunt. Performing before an audience they knew heightened the risk and need for social validation. Additionally, the collective execution of the streak by James and his friends suggests that the act doubled as a shared adventure that strengthened their group bond. The varying reactions from his peers at school further indicate the social approval aspect of their actions.

Psychological Concept "Benign Masochism" Explains Phenomenon

Paul Bloom introduces the term "benign masochism," which encapsulates the human propensity to deliberately seek mild pain in settings where they can control the intensity.

Benign Masochism: Tendency to Seek Mild Pain in Controlled Settings

Benign masochism is described as an active pursuit of pain and suffering within certain limits, ensuring no permanent harm is done. People engage in behaviors that involve low levels of pain as a way of stirring up their sensory experiences.

Manifestations: Eating Spicy Foods, Watching Scary Movies, Experiencing Mild Electric Shocks

Examples provided by Bloom include par ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Human Tendency to Seek Unpleasant Experiences

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The concept of benign masochism might not fully explain why individuals seek unpleasant experiences; other psychological factors such as novelty-seeking, curiosity, or a desire to overcome personal limits could also play a role.
  • The adrenaline rush associated with activities like mall streaking may not be the primary motivator for all individuals; some might engage in such behaviors due to peer pressure or a desire for attention rather than for the thrill itself.
  • The idea that seeking pain and discomfort is a universal human tendency could be an overgeneralization; individual differences in personality, culture, and personal experiences can greatly influence one's inclination to engage in such activities.
  • The term "benign masochism" could be seen as trivializing actual masochism, which is a recognized psychological condition that can have significant impacts on individuals' lives.
  • The examples provided, such as eating spicy foods or watching scary movies, might not be universally accepted as forms of seeking pain; some individuals might argue that they engage in these activities for reasons unrelated to experiencing pain, such as cultural practices or for the enjoyment of the narrative in horror films.
  • The social approval or peer bonding motivation might not always be a positive force; it could lead to risky behaviors that have negative conseque ...

Actionables

  • You can explore your threshold for benign masochism by trying a new spicy recipe each week. By gradually increasing the heat level, you'll not only expand your culinary skills but also understand your personal limits and perhaps enjoy the thrill that comes with the sensory challenge.
  • Create a personal challenge to watch a series of progressively scarier films to understand your emotional responses to fear. Start with suspenseful thrillers and work your way up to horror classics, taking note of how you feel before, during, and after the experience to gain insight into your attraction to fear as entertainment.
  • Engage in a cold shower challenge where you start with ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Ouch! That Feels Great

Psychological and Social Reasons For Seeking Unpleasant Experiences

Psychologists like Paul Bloom and others explore why individuals sometimes deliberately seek out unpleasant experiences, noting that these actions often serve social, emotional, and psychological functions.

Shared Suffering Can Strengthen Social Bonds

Experiencing a painful event together can create a strong bond between people, according to Bloom. This concept is illustrated when James and his friends go streaking together; the excitement shared in the car afterwards suggests that the group challenge they undertook together strengthened their bonds. These activities are likely more enjoyable when done with others, indicating that shared embarrassing or unpleasant activities can foster camaraderie.

Group Challenges Foster Camaraderie

Bloom and Shankar Vedantam discuss how group challenges, such as streaking or even participating in fire-walking rituals due to social pressure, can transform and strengthen connections with others. The high-fives James received at school after the streaking incident hint at the social bonding aspect and possibly even the gain of status among peers.

Activities to Show Toughness or Gain Status

Bloom says that activities like engaging in wasabi consumption or slapping contests are social ways to demonstrate toughness. He mentions a Hindu festival where enduring pain can improve participants' standing in the community and make them attractive to women, pointing out that such acts are often done in groups, fostering camaraderie.

Pain and Pleasure Contrast Heightens Relief Enjoyment

Paul Bloom suggests that sometimes people seek out unpleasant experiences because the release from them feels so good. He recalls the intense pleasure of coming into a hot bath after shoveling snow and states that our experiences are based on contrast; even neutral experiences feel good if preceded by pain.

Balancing Pleasant and Unpleasant Experiences

Bloom discusses the idea of "hedonic balance," whereby people balance their activities by doing something enjoyable and then something less enjoyable. This balance might imply a contrast between the discomfort of potential social embarrassment and the exhilarating pleasure of executing a thrilling, socially taboo challenge, like streaking.

Release From Discomfort Can Feel Rewarding and Satisfying

The satisfaction people can feel after the release from discomfort is evident when Vedantam brings up how people find relief blissful after experiences such as intense chiropractic or massage therapy sessions. The concept also applies when habitual pleasure becomes less satisfying over time—a phenomenon termed "habituation"—and people seek out unpleasant ac ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Psychological and Social Reasons For Seeking Unpleasant Experiences

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Streaking is the act of running naked through a public space, often done impulsively or as a prank. It can create a sense of shared excitement and camaraderie among participants, as they engage in a daring and unconventional activity together. The act of streaking can lead to a bonding experience due to the shared thrill, risk-taking, and breaking of social norms. This shared experience can strengthen social connections and create lasting memories among those involved.
  • Fire-walking rituals are cultural practices where individuals walk barefoot over hot coals or stones. These rituals are often associated with spiritual or religious beliefs and are believed to demonstrate courage, faith, or purification. Participating in fire-walking can create a shared experience of overcoming fear and pain, fostering a sense of unity and connection among the participants. The act of facing a common challenge together can strengthen bonds within the group, leading to a shared sense of accomplishment and solidarity.
  • Wasabi consumption and slapping contests are sometimes seen as demonstrations of toughness in certain cultural contexts. In some societies, consuming wasabi, known for its intense flavor and heat, can be a test of endurance and bravery. Similarly, slapping contests involve participants enduring physical pain to showcase their resilience and strength. These activities are often performed in social settings to demonstrate one's ability to withstand discomfort or pain.
  • The concept of "hedonic balance" suggests that individuals seek a mix of enjoyable and less enjoyable experiences to maintain psychological well-being. By alternating between pleasurable and uncomfortable activities, people can enhance the enjoyment derived from positive experiences. This balance helps individuals appreciate and savor pleasant moments more fully by contrasting them with less enjoyable ones. The contrast between pleasure and discomfort can heighten the overall satisfaction and pleasure derived from positive experiences.
  • Habituation is the process where repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to a decreased response over time. Seeking out unpleasant activities to break monotony can help counteract habituation by introducing novelty and contrast, making the return to pleasurable activities more rewarding. This behavior is driven by the brain's tendency to adapt to consistent stimuli, leading to a decrease in the pleasure derived from familiar experiences. By engaging in discomfort, individuals can disrupt this adaptation process and reinvigorate their enjoyment of pleasurable activities.
  • The anesthesia effect, also known as counterirritation, is a phenomenon where inducing a controlled amount of pain in one area of the body can reduce the perception of pain in another area. This concep ...

Counterarguments

  • Shared suffering may not always strengthen social bonds; in some cases, it can lead to trauma or resentment if individuals feel forced into the experience or if the experience is too intense.
  • Group challenges might foster camaraderie, but they can also lead to exclusion or bullying of those who do not or cannot participate.
  • The pursuit of discomfort for self-punishment might not be a healthy coping mechanism and could indicate unresolved psychological issues rather than a constructive form of atonement.
  • The contrast between pain and pleasure might not always heighten relief enjoyment; for some individuals, unpleasant experiences can have lasting negative effects that do not lead to increased pleasure.
  • Balancing pleasant and unpleasant experiences is not a universal strategy; some individuals may prioritize minimizing discomfort and maximizing pleasure in their lives.
  • The relief from discomfort might not always be rewarding or satisfying; in some cases, it could simply be a return to a neu ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Ouch! That Feels Great

Seeking Unpleasant Experiences in Various Contexts

Bloom and Vedantam explore why people may intentionally seek out uncomfortable experiences in entertainment, social rituals, and daily life, and how these encounters can offer unique emotional rewards and social benefits.

Entertainment and Media

Paul Bloom and Shankar Vedantam discuss the appeal of the horror and thriller genres in entertainment as a way for individuals to engage with discomfort in a controlled environment.

Horror and Thriller Films Offer a "Safe" Outlet For Discomfort

Bloom explains that while actually being scared is not enjoyable, experiencing fear through fiction can be pleasurable because it is safe. The viewer can engage with frightening scenarios without any real danger. Vedantam compares the experience to watching movie sequels, where the thrill is balanced by the predictability, allowing audiences to enjoy the tension without genuine risk.

Experiences of Excitement and Anticipation, Fear and Relief

Bloom also notes that children often prefer repeatedly hearing the same story because it provides a feeling of safety and predictability. In a similar vein, the trend of streaking combines excitement and anticipation with the fear of consequences, creating emotions similar to those enjoyed in entertainment.

Social Rituals and Cultural Practices

Bloom and Vedantam address how painful cultural and religious rituals can play significant roles in social bonding and individual identity.

Painful Cultural and Religious Rituals

Describing a Hindu festival featuring rituals such as walking over hot coals and piercing with skewers, Bloom highlights the community-building aspect of these painful experiences.

Practices Enhance Community Cohesion and Showcase Personal Fortitude

Vedantam recalls swimming in very cold water with a friend, suggesting that these shared, uncomfortable experiences can enhance social bonds and showcase resilience within a cultural context. Dimitri’s research supports this, showing that observing others endure community-related suffering i ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Seeking Unpleasant Experiences in Various Contexts

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • In the context discussed, intentionally experiencing discomfort in everyday activities like extreme exercise or cold showers can lead to a greater appreciation of subsequent comfort. By voluntarily subjecting oneself to discomfort, individuals may enhance their ability to savor and value moments of relief or ease. This contrast between discomfort and relief can amplify the sense of accomplishment and satisfaction derived from overcoming challenges in daily life. The intentional pursuit of discomfort can serve as a pathway to personal growth and a deeper appreciation of comfort.
  • The hiking trip for college freshmen serves as a metaphor for facing challenges and overcoming obstacles in a new environment. It symbolizes the transition to adul ...

Counterarguments

  • While horror and thriller genres may provide a safe outlet for experiencing fear, some individuals may find these experiences too intense or may carry over the fear into their real lives, leading to negative effects such as anxiety or sleep disturbances.
  • The enjoyment of repeated stories by children for safety and predictability does not account for the fact that some children may prefer new stories as a way to stimulate their imagination and curiosity.
  • The concept of streaking as a combination of excitement and fear may not universally apply, as some individuals may engage in streaking purely for the thrill, without any significant fear of consequences.
  • Painful cultural and religious rituals may enhance community bonding for some, but for others, they may be a source of trauma or a practice that they participate in due to social pressure rather than personal fortitude.
  • The idea that shared uncomfortable experiences strengthen social bonds does not consider that some individuals may feel alienated or traumatized by such experiences, which can actually weaken social ties.
  • The notion that observing others endure suffering increases willingness to contribute to the community does not take into account that it might also desensitize some individuals to the suffering of others or lead to burnout in empathetic individuals.
  • Seeking discomfort in everyday life for personal growth may not be beneficial for everyone, as it can lead to injury or burnout if not approached with mindfulness and a clear understanding of one's limits.
  • The alignment of challenging ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free

Create Summaries for anything on the web

Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser

Shortform Extension CTA