In this Hidden Brain episode, Kenji Yoshino explores the phenomenon of marginalized individuals disguising aspects of their identity to conform to societal norms. The episode delves into Yoshino's personal struggles with concealing his sexuality, as well as strategies used by prominent figures like Franklin D. Roosevelt and Margaret Thatcher to downplay perceived weaknesses.
Yoshino shares findings from research at Deloitte highlighting the professional and personal costs of concealing one's authentic identity. He also examines how the pressure to "cover" non-dominant traits transcends specific marginalized groups, revealing the universal need for belonging through authenticity.
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Kenji Yoshino explains how powerful individuals have modified aspects of their identity to conform to societal norms and expectations, not due to self-hatred but pragmatic concerns. Examples include:
Yoshino shares his personal struggles with concealing his gay identity:
Yoshino's research at Deloitte found:
Yoshino faced depression at Oxford, praying to become straight. He rejected a chair named after someone involved in Japanese American internment, feeling it would force him to cover his identity.
Covering transcends marginalized groups - Yoshino notes 45% of straight, white men reported covering traits like veteran status or mental illness. He stresses everyone faces pressure to downplay non-dominant identities in certain cultures.
Sharing authentic stories fosters belonging and empowerment, as Yoshino experienced hiding his sexuality from loved ones out of rejection fears.
1-Page Summary
Kenji Yoshino provides insights into the concept of "cosmetic adjustment," emphasizing that various influential figures historically have modified aspects of their identity, not out of self-hate or a lack of pride, but to meet societal expectations.
Powerful figures have often taken steps to conform to societal norms or to augment their appeal and presence in the public eye, which include Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Margaret Thatcher, and Ben Kingsley.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who had a motor disability from polio, strategically managed his public image to minimize attention to his disability. He orchestrated appearances by sitting behind a desk before others entered the room and ensured photographs captured only his upper body, obscuring the fact that he depended on a wheelchair. Additionally, he had a car specially designed to be operated solely with hands, allowing him to demonstrate independence and capability.
Margaret Thatcher underwent voice coaching to refine her accent, upon the advice of her handlers. With aspirations for the role of Prime Minister, she aimed to transform her working-class accent, which some believed to be a disadvantage. Through coaching ...
Strategies For Disguising Identity
Kenji Yoshino’s personal journey demonstrates various motivations behind concealing one's identity, primarily focusing on his struggles with coming to terms with his sexuality and the external pressures that influenced his choices.
Kenji Yoshino, during a phase in his youth, hoped that his gay identity would "go away." To facilitate this change, he had a girlfriend, representing an attempt to alter his identity to conform to societal expectations. Yoshino used academic pursuits, like poetry, as a refuge to express his experiences ambiguously, without directly exposing his identity. While in England, he even prayed for conversion to heterosexuality, highlighting the deep internal conflict between his true self and societal norms.
When a New York Times article was about to be published discussing Yoshino as an openly gay man, despite his parents being aware of his sexual orientation, they expressed concern over the public disclosure. His mother was particularly worried about the potential social repercussions and even feared being ostracized in Japan, a country with a less accepting view on gay rights at that time. Yoshino's parents advised him to keep his sexual orientation private to protect him from possible hate mail and discrimination, reflecting their understanding of the stigma and adversities connected with revealing one's sexuality.
Motivations For Disguising Identity
Yoshino identifies the societal demands for downplaying or editing aspects of identity, outlining the personal and professional costs associated with identity concealment and indicating there is still a need for progress toward full equality.
Kenji Yoshino conducted empirical research with colleagues at Deloitte on the concept of covering and its impact on individuals.
Yoshino's survey, which included 3,129 respondents across various sectors of the Fortune 500 companies, revealed that 61% of individuals reported covering their identities. Of those, between 60 to 73% felt that covering was somewhat to extremely detrimental to their sense of self. Furthermore, 53% of respondents said their leaders expected them to cover, and half of these individuals reported that this expectation somewhat to extremely diminished their commitment to their workplace or their community there.
While at Oxford, Kenji Yoshino became deeply depressed, praying for conversion to heterosexuality in an effort to fit societal expectations. This period in his life highlights the personal toll that concealing his identity took on his mental health.
The Personal and Professional Costs Of Disguising Identity
Kenji Yoshino delves into the concept of 'covering,' exploring it as a universal struggle affecting all groups, not just marginalized ones, and underscores the fundamental need for belonging and sharing authentic stories.
Yoshino sheds light on the widespread nature of covering, which is not exclusive to any one demographic but impacts individuals from all backgrounds.
A survey highlighted by Kenji Yoshino revealed that covering transcends traditional notions of marginalized populations, with 45% of straight, white men reporting that they cover aspects of their identity. Yoshino was not surprised by this figure, as straight, white men have spoken to him about the diverse traits they feel compelled to conceal, ranging from age and socioeconomic background to mental or physical illnesses, religion, and veteran status. He emphasizes that covering is a universal phenomenon because everyone possesses traits that are not dominant, which may lead to pressure to cover regardless of their dominant characteristics.
Yoshino uses introversion as an example of an identity often covered due to the prevailing ideal that a leader should be extroverted. He contrasts this with the acknowledgment of introverted historical leaders like James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, suggesting that great leadership does not require extroversion. Furthermore, he explains how a new mother might hesitate to display pictures of her children in a hard-driving workplace, highlighting social science research that indicates women suffer a motherhood penalty, being perceived as less committed ...
The Universal Nature of the Need to "Cover"
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