Podcasts > Hidden Brain > Wellness 2.0: Be Yourself

Wellness 2.0: Be Yourself

By Hidden Brain Media

In this episode of Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam and Erica Bailey explore the psychological downsides of inauthenticity and the benefits of embracing one's authentic self. They delve into how suppressing one's true nature to conform to external expectations can lead to anxiety, depression, and ethical compromises.

The discussion also examines how workplace demands for emotional labor can inadvertently compel employees to conceal parts of themselves. Vedantam and Bailey provide practical strategies for fostering authenticity, such as cultivating self-compassion, identifying core values, and adopting an expansive view of one's true self. Their insights illuminate how aligning outward behaviors with internal beliefs enhances well-being and ethical conduct.

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Wellness 2.0: Be Yourself

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Wellness 2.0: Be Yourself

1-Page Summary

The personal and psychological costs of inauthenticity

Shankar Vedantam and Erica Bailey discuss the mental toll of inauthenticity, where upholding a facade unaligned with one's true self can lead to anxiety, depression, and difficulty forming genuine connections with others.

According to Bailey, feeling pressured to suppress her desire to pursue education to conform to her church's directives led her to feel adrift, ultimately causing psychological hardship. Vedantam posits that feeling disconnected from oneself and denying internal experiences to present a facade can be psychologically taxing.

Bailey's account also illustrates how inauthenticity may enable unethical behavior by allowing people to compartmentalize workplace actions from their personal values and identity.

The workplace demands for emotional labor and impression management

Many jobs demand employees manage their emotions and project a certain persona, even conflicting with their internal state. For example, service workers like customer service representatives are often expected to maintain a cheerful demeanor regardless of how they truly feel.

Bailey recounts employing strategies like pretending to be busy to avoid difficult patrons. The need to constantly suppress genuine emotions and regulate outward expression can be mentally draining, leading to feelings of inauthenticity.

Workplaces that demand high emotional labor may inadvertently pressure employees to conceal parts of their authentic selves.

The benefits of authenticity for well-being and ethical behavior

Individuals whose inner and outer selves are aligned tend to experience greater life satisfaction and positive emotions, according to Bailey. She relates authenticity to a greater sense of meaning, engagement, and satisfaction with relationships.

Additionally, Vedantam and Bailey suggest authenticity is linked to more ethical behavior, as people are less likely to compartmentalize actions contradicting their moral compass when they can express their true selves.

Practical tips and strategies for cultivating authenticity

Bailey and Vedantam review research-backed strategies for fostering authenticity:

  • Rather than solely looking inward, identify times when you felt most authentic to understand your true self.
  • Practice self-compassion and respond to imperfections with kindness rather than judgment to facilitate authenticity.
  • Explicitly identify and affirm core values to align outward behavior with internal beliefs, enhancing perceived authenticity, per research by Iyengar and Ingram.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Emotional labor involves managing feelings and expressions to meet job requirements, often involving regulating emotions to create specific desired outcomes. This can include suppressing genuine emotions and projecting a certain persona, particularly common in service-oriented roles. The concept was first defined by sociologist Arlie Hochschild, who identified strategies like cognitive, bodily, and expressive regulation in the context of emotional labor. Emotional labor is increasingly expected in various industries as economies shift towards service-based models.
  • Impression management is the process of influencing how others perceive a person, object, or event through controlling information in social interactions. It involves behaviors like providing explanations, making excuses, and conforming opinions to shape others' impressions. People engage in impression management to control how they are viewed by others, whether in face-to-face interactions, on social media, or in various situations. This concept was first introduced by sociologist Erving Goffman in his work "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life."
  • Compartmentalizing workplace actions from personal values and identity means separating one's behavior at work, which may involve tasks or decisions that conflict with one's personal beliefs, from their core values and sense of self. This separation allows individuals to perform tasks or act in ways that may not align with their personal morals or identity without it significantly affecting their self-perception or beliefs outside of the workplace. It involves creating a mental divide between professional responsibilities and personal values to navigate situations where there is a discrepancy between what is required at work and what one believes in personally.

Counterarguments

  • While authenticity is generally seen as beneficial, there are contexts where managing one's emotions and expressions (emotional labor) is necessary for professionalism and can be beneficial for both the employee and the organization.
  • The link between inauthenticity and unethical behavior is not always straightforward; individuals can compartmentalize and still adhere to ethical standards in their actions.
  • The assumption that authenticity always leads to positive outcomes may overlook the complexity of human relationships and workplace dynamics, where authenticity might sometimes lead to conflict or negative consequences.
  • The pressure to be authentic can itself become a source of stress, particularly in environments that do not support individual expression.
  • The concept of a true self is debated among psychologists, with some arguing that the self is fluid and context-dependent rather than fixed.
  • The strategies for cultivating authenticity may not be universally applicable or effective, as individuals differ in their psychological makeup and life circumstances.
  • The benefits of authenticity might be influenced by cultural norms and expectations, which can vary widely; in some cultures, conformity and group harmony are valued over individual authenticity.
  • The idea that service workers should not have to manage their emotions could potentially lead to less courteous service and negatively impact customer experience.
  • There may be situations where suppressing desires or emotions is a necessary coping mechanism or a strategic choice that serves a person's long-term goals.
  • The notion that authenticity leads to greater life satisfaction and positive emotions may not account for individuals who derive satisfaction from playing varied roles or who find meaning in adapting to different social contexts.

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Wellness 2.0: Be Yourself

The personal and psychological costs of inauthenticity

Shankar Vedantam and Erica Bailey discuss the psychological toll of inauthenticity, where straying from one's true self to uphold a facade can be damaging to well-being and ethical behavior.

Inauthenticity can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and difficulty forming genuine connections with others.

Bailey reflects on her personal experience of feeling pressured to adhere to her church's directive over her desire to pursue higher education. This decision, inauthentic to her goals and aspirations, led her to feel adrift and ultimately resulted in psychological hardship. She articulates that inauthenticity can sever the ability to form genuine connections due to the preoccupation with external perceptions, potentially culminating in anxiety and depression. Bailey's social integration within the church added to her distress as her internal beliefs, particularly on topics like gay marriage, increasingly conflicted with those of the community she joined seeking purpose. Ignoring these internal convictions, she failed to access or express her true self within the group, deepening the psychological distress.

Feeling disconnected from one's true self or denying one's internal experiences in order to present a different facade can be psychologically taxing.

Vedantam posits that a mismatch between internal feelings and external expectations can be a source of stress and exhaustion. Bailey experienced this disconnect explicitly during her involvement with the church and the suppression of her educational aspirations. Her eventual decision to voice her disagreements led to formal excommunication, severing ties with her immediate family and most of her social community. Recognizing the sources of inauthenticity, for Bailey, was a critical step in taking these feelings less seriously and alleviating distress.

Inauthenticity may enable unethical behavior by allowing people ...

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The personal and psychological costs of inauthenticity

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Shankar Vedantam is a journalist and the host of the podcast "Hidden Brain," which explores the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior. Erica Bailey is a fictional name used in the text to represent an individual's personal experience with inauthenticity.
  • Bailey's social integration within the church means her involvement and acceptance within the church community. This includes participating in church activities, forming relationships with other members, and adhering to the beliefs and practices of the church. It signifies her connection to the social fabric and support system provided by the church. Bailey's social integration within the church was a significant aspect of her life that influenced her decisions and sense of belonging.
  • Excommunication is a formal religious practice where a person is expelled or cut off from a religious community due to serious violations of religious la ...

Actionables

  • You can start a daily authenticity journal to track moments when you feel most genuine. Each evening, jot down instances where you felt you were true to yourself and times you felt you weren't. This practice can help you identify patterns and situations where inauthenticity creeps in, allowing you to consciously make changes to align your actions with your values.
  • Develop a personal value statement and review it before making decisions. Write down your core values and what they mean to you in practice. When faced with choices, especially in the workplace, refer to this statement to ensure your actions don't conflict with your personal ethics, reducing the risk of compartmentalization.
  • Engage in a role-play exercise with a trusted friend ...

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Wellness 2.0: Be Yourself

The workplace demands for emotional labor and impression management

Shankar Vedantam and Erica Bailey delve into the concept of emotional labor, exploring how professional environments often demand that employees manage their emotions and project a certain persona, even when it contradicts their true feelings.

Many jobs require employees to manage their emotions and project a certain persona, even if it conflicts with their internal state.

Emotional labor, as discussed by Vedantam and Bailey, refers to the practice of managing and sometimes suppressing genuine emotions to align with workplace expectations. This encompasses a range of behaviors, including conforming to formal rules that govern expressions and appearance on the job.

Service industry workers, for example, are often expected to maintain a cheerful, agreeable demeanor regardless of their actual feelings.

Bailey points out the expectation of customer service representatives to maintain a cheerful disposition, even when they are having a bad day or dealing with personal issues. Regardless of feeling tired or bored, they must appear agreeable and accommodating.

Vedantam highlights this through an anecdote of observing a bartender who kept a smile on her face while witnessing a heated argument among patrons. He theorizes that although she smiled outwardly, she may have been rolling her eyes internally. Additionally, Bailey recounts employing strategies to manage challenging customer interactions, such as pretending to be busy to avoid contact with difficult patrons.

The need to constantly monitor and regulate one's outward expression can be draining and lead to feelings of inauthenticity.

The conversation between Vedantam and Bailey extends beyond traditional work environments. Bailey shares her church experience where she had to pr ...

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The workplace demands for emotional labor and impression management

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Emotional labor involves managing and regulating one's feelings and expressions to meet the emotional demands of a job. This can include displaying specific emotions even if they do not align with one's true feelings. It often involves suppressing genuine emotions and projecting a desired persona to fulfill workplace expectations. The concept was first defined by sociologist Arlie Hochschild and is crucial in various industries where interactions with customers or clients play a significant role.
  • Impression management involves consciously or subconsciously influencing how others perceive a person, object, or event through controlling information in social interactions. It encompasses behaviors like providing explanations, making excuses, and conforming opinions to shape others' impressions. This concept was first introduced by Erving Goffman in 1956 and has since been widely studied in various fields like psychology, sociology, and corporate communication. Impression management can occur in diverse settings, from face-to-face interactions to online platforms, and can be used w ...

Counterarguments

  • Emotional labor can be seen as a valuable skill set that enhances professionalism and customer satisfaction, rather than just a draining demand.
  • Some individuals may thrive on the challenge of emotional labor, finding satisfaction in the ability to effectively manage their emotions and interactions.
  • Emotional labor is not unique to the workplace; it is a part of social interactions in many areas of life, suggesting it is a normative aspect of human behavior.
  • The ability to project a professional persona can protect personal boundaries and prevent inappropriate sharing of personal issues in a professional context.
  • Emotional labor can be empowering, as it allows individuals to choose how they present themselves and respond to situations, rather than being purely reactive.
  • The concept of authenticity is complex, and aligning one's outward expression with organizationa ...

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Wellness 2.0: Be Yourself

The benefits of authenticity for well-being and ethical behavior

Authenticity and its alignment with one's self-conception is increasingly recognized as a predictor of well-being and ethical behavior.

Individuals who are more aligned between their inner and outer selves tend to experience greater life satisfaction and positive emotions.

Erica Bailey discusses how authenticity is predictive of subjective well-being, including life satisfaction and happiness. Shankar Vedantam introduces the idea that aligning one's external persona with their internal self can lead to living well, which may be interpreted as greater life satisfaction and positive emotions.

Feeling true to one's core values and identity is linked to a greater sense of meaning and engagement.

Bailey further relates authenticity to a sense of meaning in life and improved satisfaction with relationships. In the workplace, feeling authentic allows individuals to be more engaged with their tasks, as they aren't wasting mental energy on emotional labor concerning how others perceive them. Vedantam suggests that living authentically can enhance a person's sense of meaningful engagement.

Additionally, recounting a personal memory of a drive with friends during high school, Bailey exemplifies how such moments where one feels like they truly belong can signify a state of authenticity.

Authenticity is associated with more prosocial and ethical behaviors, as people are less likely to compartmentalize their actions from their personal moral compass.

When individuals feel they can express their authentic selves, especially in environments like the workplace that welcome diverse identities, it leads to a more positive psychological experience. This genuine expression is associated with less engagement in unethical conduct that contradicts their true beliefs and principles.

When people feel ...

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The benefits of authenticity for well-being and ethical behavior

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Authenticity, in the context of self-conception, relates to being true to one's core values, beliefs, and identity. It involves aligning one's external behaviors and expressions with their internal thoughts and feelings. This alignment fosters a sense of congruence and genuineness in how individuals present themselves to the world. When someone is authentic, they are consistent in how they portray themselves and feel a sense of harmony between their inner self and their outward actions.
  • Subjective well-being is a person's overall evaluation of their own life, encompassing aspects like life satisfaction and positive emotions. Authenticity, or being true to oneself, is increasingly linked to higher levels of subjective well-being, suggesting that when individuals align their inner and outer selves, they tend to experience greater life satisfaction and positive emotions. This alignment can lead to a sense of meaning and engagement in life, contributing to overall well-being. The relationship between authenticity and subjective well-being highlights the importance of being genuine and true to oneself for personal happiness and fulfillment.
  • Aligning one's external persona with their internal self means presenting oneself to the world in a way that reflects their true thoughts, feelings, and values. It involves being genuine and authentic in how one interacts with others, ensuring that there is coherence between their inner beliefs and outward expressions. This alignment fosters a sense of congruence and honesty in one's behavior, leading to greater well-being and ethical conduct. By being true to oneself externally, individuals can experience a deeper sense of fulfillment and engage in more meaningful relationships and actions.
  • Emotional labor involves managing emotions to meet job requirements, often involving regulating expressions to create specific feelings in others. It can include suppressing genuine emotions and displaying expected emotions, impacting various professions in service-oriented industries. The concept was first defined by sociologist Arlie Hochschild, who identified strategies like cognitive, bodily, and expressive regulation. Emotional labor is crucial in roles like customer service, healthcare, and education, where managing emotions is essential for success.
  • Authenticity is linked to a sense of meaning in life because when individuals feel true to their core values and identity, they experience a deeper connection to their purpose and a greater sense of fulfillment. This alignment between one's inner self and external expression fosters a feeling of coherence and significance, enhancing overall well-being and satisfaction. By living authentically, individuals are more likely to engage in activities and relationships that resonate with their true selves, leading to a more meaningful and purposeful existence. This connection between authenticity and meaning underscores the importance of being genuine and true to oneself in cultivating a fulfilling a ...

Counterarguments

  • Authenticity may not always lead to positive outcomes; in some cases, being true to oneself can lead to conflict with societal norms or expectations, which might result in stress or negative consequences.
  • The concept of an "authentic self" is complex and can be difficult to define, as individuals often have multiple, sometimes conflicting, aspects to their identities.
  • High levels of authenticity could potentially lead to oversharing or inappropriate disclosure in professional settings, which might harm interpersonal relationships or professional standing.
  • The link between authenticity and ethical behavior is not necessarily causal; it could be that individuals who are already inclined to ethical behavior are more likely to seek authenticity.
  • Some environments may not support authenticity, and individuals in such environments might need to adapt or compromise to succeed, which can be a pragmatic and necessary s ...

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Wellness 2.0: Be Yourself

Practical tips and research-backed strategies for cultivating authenticity

Erica Bailey and Shankar Vedantam review strategies grounded in research for fostering authenticity, emphasizing the power of self-reflection, self-compassion, and value affirmation.

Rather than solely looking inward, individuals can identify times when they felt most authentic as a clue to understanding their true selves.

Bailey suggests recalling moments of authenticity can provide insights into one's evolving true self, noting that genuine experiences can guide understanding of what authenticity means to an individual. She explains that authentic experiences, even during significant identity changes such as parenthood, help people to understand and embrace their true selves. Rather than focusing inward where negative self-judgment may arise, Bailey advises considering situations when one felt truly authentic as a means to understand more about oneself.

Reflecting on positive experiences where one felt fully present and genuine can provide insights into one's core values and preferences.

Bailey recommends trying on different identities and paying attention to how it feels, such as whether an activity resonates with one's sense of self. She discusses how moments like singing with friends or her own first teaching experience gave her insight into what she finds rewarding. Engaging in authentic activities or reflecting on such experiences can bring self-understanding into one's internal experience.

Practicing self-compassion, or treating oneself with kindness, can help reduce self-criticism and facilitate a more accepting stance towards one's authentic thoughts and emotions.

Bailey explains that self-compassion involves treating oneself with kindness and recognizing that imperfections and mistakes are a normal part of human experience. Research suggests that self-compassion is linked to greater authenticity and that compassionate reflection can predict how authentic someone feels. This mindset is also tied to increased optimism about one's potential for growth.

Recognizing that imperfections and mistakes are a normal part of the human experience, and responding to them with care rather than judgment, can foster a sense of authenticity.

Bailey shares her personal struggle with anxiety, which was magnified by graduate school and the pandemic. Therap ...

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Practical tips and research-backed strategies for cultivating authenticity

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • Reflecting on past authentic experiences may not always lead to an understanding of one's true self, as memories can be selective or biased.
  • Positive experiences might not always reflect core values, as they can sometimes be influenced by external validation or temporary emotions.
  • Self-compassion could potentially lead to complacency if not balanced with a drive for self-improvement or critical self-reflection.
  • The concept of authenticity is subjective and can vary greatly between cultures, making it difficult to generalize strategies for cultivating it.
  • Affirming key values before an action may not always result in authentic behav ...

Actionables

  • Create a 'values vision board' by collecting images, quotes, and items that resonate with your core beliefs and display them where you'll see them daily. This visual representation serves as a constant reminder of what you stand for, helping to guide your decisions and actions in a way that feels true to yourself.
  • Start a 'self-compassion journal' where you write down one thing that didn't go as planned each day and then follow it with three statements of kindness towards yourself. This practice encourages a habit of responding to setbacks with understanding and care, rather than criticism, reinforcing a more authentic and compassionate self-view. ...

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