Podcasts > Even The Royals > Queen Lili’uokalani of Hawai’i Part 1: Girls Just Want to Have Political Autonomy | 11

Queen Lili’uokalani of Hawai’i Part 1: Girls Just Want to Have Political Autonomy | 11

By Wondery

Delve into the complex history of Hawaii with "Even The Royals," where hosts Brooke Siffrinn and Aricia Skidmore-Williams guide us through the intricate journey of Queen Lili'uokalani's struggle for her homeland's political autonomy. The episode kicks off with the transformation of Hawaiian society following the arrival of foreign missionaries and businessmen. The hosts unravel the impacts of the 1850 introduction of private land ownership, a pivotal moment that shifted the control of Hawaiian lands and marked the beginning of significant cultural and environmental changes.

Amidst the rising tide of foreign influence and political machinations, Queen Lili'uokalani emerges as a symbol of resistance and cultural preservation. Brooke and Aricia paint a candid portrait of Lili'uokalani's life, from her education at a missionary school to her challenging personal life and rise to the monarchy. Learn how the "Bayonet Constitution" and other political upheavals set the stage for her steadfast defense of Hawaiian sovereignty, underscoring her legacy as a leader who fought valiantly for her nation's rights amidst the expansive shadow of colonial ambition.

Queen Lili’uokalani of Hawai’i Part 1: Girls Just Want to Have Political Autonomy | 11

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Queen Lili’uokalani of Hawai’i Part 1: Girls Just Want to Have Political Autonomy | 11

1-Page Summary

Arrival of foreigners in Hawaii

The transition of Hawaii from a traditional society to one under the influence of foreign interests began with missionaries establishing schools for native Hawaiians. These schools served not only to educate but also to convert Hawaiians to Christianity, significantly altering their cultural practices. Subsequently, American businessmen entered the scene, establishing plantations on Hawaiian land without a lawful basis. This only changed when the Hawaiian King introduced private land ownership in 1850, a move that allowed foreigners to legally acquire lands.

The implementation of this new land ownership system led to the dominance of sugar cane plantations, displacing traditional Hawaiian agriculture. Local taro patches and fish ponds were destroyed, signifying not just environmental damage but also a profound loss of native Hawaiians' rights and cultural identity. Concurrently, the American sugar barons expanded their influence and gained political power, pushing for the annexation of Hawaii by the United States to safeguard their investments.

Liliuokalani's personal background

Liliuokalani, who would become a pivotal figure in Hawaiian history, had her first encounters with foreign culture at a missionary boarding school. Here, she assimilated Western customs and the English language, which set the foundation for her future role in governance. However, her ascent was not without personal hardship. Entangled in an arranged marriage, Liliuokalani endured familial and marital challenges, including financial disputes and her husband's infidelities.

Despite these personal tumults, Liliuokalani found refuge and purpose in her cultural endeavors. She dedicated herself to preserving Hawaiian culture, gaining renown for her musical talents. She composed music that celebrated her heritage, including the famous song "'Aloha, Oe," which would achieve international fame and become a symbol of Hawaiian identity.

Threats to Hawaiian sovereignty

Liliuokalani's reign as monarch was shadowed by the constant threat of foreign control, underscored by the forced imposition of the "Bayonet Constitution" on her brother, King Kalakaua. This constitution severely weakened the monarchy by transferring powers to a legislature influenced by foreign businessmen and granted them electoral rights, while disenfranchising many Native Hawaiians due to property ownership requirements for voting.

The monarchy was further destabilized by coup attempts and the eventual death of King Kalakaua. Liliuokalani's subsequent coronation as queen compelled her to endorse the contentious Bayonet Constitution. Despite the monumental pressures she faced, Liliuokalani remained staunch, demonstrating her unwavering commitment to her nation and its independence.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The "Bayonet Constitution" was a document forced upon King Kalakaua of Hawaii in 1887 by a group of foreign businessmen and sugar planters. It severely limited the monarch's powers, transferring significant authority to the legislature dominated by non-native interests. The constitution also imposed property ownership requirements that disenfranchised many Native Hawaiians, consolidating power in the hands of the foreign elite. This move weakened the monarchy and paved the way for further erosion of Hawaiian sovereignty.
  • King Kalakaua, also known as David Kalakaua, was the Hawaiian monarch who reigned from 1874 until his death in 1891. His reign was marked by efforts to strengthen Hawaiian culture and traditions, but he faced challenges from foreign influences seeking to undermine the monarchy. Kalakaua's support for the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States and his lavish spending led to political unrest and accusations of corruption. His death in 1891 raised suspicions of foul play, with some believing he was poisoned, although historical records suggest he died of natural causes.
  • Liliuokalani faced challenges in her arranged marriage, including financial disputes and her husband's infidelities. These difficulties added personal turmoil to her life, impacting her well-being and relationships. Despite these challenges, Liliuokalani found solace in her cultural pursuits and dedication to preserving Hawaiian heritage. Her experiences in her marriage influenced her personal resilience and commitment to her cultural identity.
  • Liliuokalani's experience at the missionary boarding school exposed her to Western customs and the English language, providing her with the tools to engage with foreign influences in governance. This education enabled her to navigate interactions with foreigners and understand their perspectives, shaping her approach to leadership. The exposure to missionary teachings also influenced her values and beliefs, impacting her decisions as a leader in a changing Hawaiian society. Through this experience, Liliuokalani developed a unique perspective that blended traditional Hawaiian values with Western knowledge, guiding her governance style.

Counterarguments

  • The role of missionaries in Hawaii can be seen as multifaceted; while they did alter cultural practices, they also provided literacy and education, which could be argued as beneficial in the long run for Hawaiians to engage with the wider world.
  • The introduction of private land ownership by the Hawaiian King in 1850 could be viewed as a modernizing reform that aligned with global economic practices, potentially offering opportunities for economic development beyond traditional systems.
  • The dominance of sugar cane plantations and the displacement of traditional Hawaiian agriculture can be seen as part of a broader narrative of agricultural evolution and economic change that many societies have experienced.
  • The political power gained by American sugar barons and their push for annexation can be interpreted as a complex interplay of economic interests and geopolitical strategy, which some may argue brought stability and international recognition to Hawaii.
  • Liliuokalani's assimilation of Western customs and language at a missionary boarding school could be seen as providing her with the tools to navigate and negotiate with foreign powers more effectively.
  • The "Bayonet Constitution" and its disenfranchisement of Native Hawaiians can be viewed within the context of 19th-century global politics, where property ownership as a requirement for voting was not uncommon and reflected contemporary political thought.
  • Liliuokalani's endorsement of the "Bayonet Constitution" could be interpreted as a strategic move to maintain her position and influence within the constraints she faced, rather than a straightforward capitulation to foreign interests.
  • The commitment to Hawaiian independence demonstrated by Liliuokalani can also be seen as part of a larger narrative of indigenous leaders grappling with the forces of colonialism and seeking the best outcomes for their people under challenging circumstances.

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Queen Lili’uokalani of Hawai’i Part 1: Girls Just Want to Have Political Autonomy | 11

Arrival of foreigners in Hawaii

The history of Hawaii is marked by the arrival of foreigners who dramatically altered the way of life for its native population, beginning with the establishment of missionary schools and leading up to the take over of land by foreign businessmen which ultimately disenfranchised native Hawaiians.

Missionaries establish schools and convert native Hawaiians

Missionaries were among the first wave of foreigners to establish a presence in Hawaii. They set up schools with the intention of educating the native Hawaiian population, which also included efforts to convert them to Christianity. This was one of the initial steps that began to change traditional Hawaiian culture and society.

Foreign businessmen take over land for plantations

From the 1830s onward, American businessmen began to establish plantations on Hawaiian land without a legal claim. It wasn't until the King of Hawaii introduced the concept of private land ownership in 1850, a concept that was foreign to native Hawaiians accustomed to communal land tenure, that foreigners were allowed to own land.

Destroy local farms and fish ponds

Europeans took advantage of these new laws to acquire land, notably for sugar cane plantations, which led to significant changes. Liliu notes the replacement of traditional taro patches and sweet potato farms with sugar cane plants, which required extensive water use, resulting in dried and cracked earth. This agriculture shift not only destroyed the local farms but also caused nearby fish ponds to dry up, further dev ...

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Arrival of foreigners in Hawaii

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The arrival of foreigners in Hawaii marked a significant shift in the island's history, with missionaries being among the first to establish a presence. They aimed to educate and convert the native Hawaiian population to Christianity, which began to alter traditional Hawaiian culture. Subsequently, American businessmen started establishing plantations on Hawaiian land, leading to changes in land ownership and significant impacts on the local agriculture and aquaculture. This influx of foreigners, driven by economic interests, ultimately led to the disenfranchisement of native Hawaiians and a loss of their rights and cultural practices.
  • Missionaries in Hawaii played a significant role in introducing Christianity and Western education to the native Hawaiian population. They established schools to educate and convert Hawaiians, which led to changes in traditional beliefs and practices. The missionaries' influence contributed to a shift in Hawaiian culture towards Western values and norms. This cultural transformation had long-lasting effects on Hawaiian society and its interactions with the outside world.
  • Private land ownership in Hawaii introduced by the King in 1850 allowed individuals to own land outright, a departure from the traditional communal land tenure system. This concept enabled foreigners to legally acquire land in Hawaii, leading to significant changes in land ownership and use on the islands. Prior to this, land in Hawaii was typically held collectively by communities rather than by individuals. The shift to private land ownership facilitated the establishment of large plantations and commercial enterprises by foreign businessmen.
  • Wealthy white businessmen in Hawaii, known as sugar barons, gained significant political power due to their economic influence from sugar plantations. They sought to protect their interests by pushing for Hawaii's annexation by the United States. This annexation would secure their control over the profitable sugar industry and grant them further political sway in the region. The actions of these businessmen led to a shift in power dynamics tha ...

Counterarguments

  • The missionaries' establishment of schools could be seen as a positive contribution to literacy and education among native Hawaiians, despite the cultural changes that ensued.
  • The introduction of private land ownership by the King of Hawaii in 1850 could be interpreted as a modernizing reform that aligned with global economic practices of the time, potentially offering native Hawaiians new economic opportunities.
  • Some historians argue that the annexation of Hawaii by the United States provided stability and international protection that may have been beneficial in the face of other imperialist threats.
  • The development of sugar plantations and the subsequent economic growth could be viewed as having contributed to the modernization and infrastructure development of the Hawaiian Islands.
  • It can be argued that the political power gained by the sug ...

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Liliuokalani's personal background

Liliuokalani's journey from a young royal child to a cultural icon is marked by various facets of her personal background.

Attends missionary boarding school

In 1842, at four years old, Liliuokalani was sent to a boarding school for royal children in Hawaii. This school was established by the Hawaiian king to train children of high-ranking chiefs in the ways of governance. American missionaries ran the school and enforced strict New England Protestant standards on the students. The missionaries imposed their customs, forbidding the students from wearing traditional Hawaiian clothing and expressing disapproval of the hula dance, which they deemed indecent. At this school, Liliuokalani learned to read and write English and adopted the manners of the missionaries' definition of polite society.

Enters royal court and arranges marriage

Lili'u attended a missionary boarding school where she formed connections with classmates who were also in line for the throne. These connections would later influence her entry into the royal court and her subsequent arranged marriage.

Struggles in marriage

Once married, Liliuokalani's personal life faced challenges. She moved into her mother-in-law's residence, where she was treated more like an intruder than a new family member. Furthermore, Liliuokalani's marriage was strained by financial disputes and her husband John's infidelity, which added ...

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Liliuokalani's personal background

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Liliuokalani attending a missionary boarding school in Hawaii at the age of four was significant because it exposed her to Western education and values at a young age, shaping her understanding of governance and society. The missionaries' influence on her education led to her adoption of English language and customs, which later influenced her interactions with foreign powers as Hawaii's queen. This early exposure to missionary teachings also played a role in her efforts to navigate the cultural clashes between traditional Hawaiian practices and Western influences during her reign.
  • The American missionaries at the boarding school in Hawaii imposed strict New England Protestant standards on the students, which included rules against traditional Hawaiian practices like wearing native clothing and performing the hula dance. This cultural imposition aimed to instill Western values and customs, shaping the students' behavior and beliefs. The missionaries' influence on Liliuokalani's education and upbringing reflected a broader effort to assimilate Hawaiian royalty into Western ideals. This clash of cultures played a significant role in shaping Liliuokalani's worldview and experiences as she navigated her royal responsibilities and personal identity.
  • The missionaries prohibited traditional Hawaiian clothing and disapproved of the hula dance due to their belief that these cultural practices were pagan and immoral, conflicting with their Christian values. They aimed to impose Western standards of modesty and behavior on the Hawaiian people as part of their efforts to Christianize and "civilize" the native population. The missionaries viewed the hula dance as a form of lewd entertainment and associated traditional Hawaiian attire with heathenism, seeking to eradicate these practices to align with their religious teachings. This cultural clash reflected the broader tensions between indigenous Hawaiian traditions and the influence of Western colonial powers during that period.
  • Liliuokalani's connections from the missionary boarding school were crucial as she formed relationships with classmates who were also in line for the throne. These connections helped her gain entry into the royal court, where her status and influence grew. Through these relationships, Liliuokalani's path crossed with individuals who played key roles in arranging her marriage, shaping her personal life and future within the royal family.
  • Liliuokalani faced challenges in her marriage due to financial disagreements with her husband, John. Additionally, his infidelity strained their relationship, adding to the difficulties she exp ...

Counterarguments

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Threats to Hawaiian sovereignty

Liliʻuokalani valiantly struggled to safeguard her land, though the Hawaiian monarchy faced severe challenges from foreign businessmen and the US government, culminating in her enforced queenship after King Kalakaua's demise.

"Bayonet Constitution" forced on King Kalakaua

In a deliberate move to diminish the Hawaiian monarchy's power, the "Bayonet Constitution" was imposed, crippling monarchal authority and tipping scales in favor of foreign businessmen.

Strips monarchy's power

The Bayonet Constitution severely curtailed the monarchy’s authority by transferring significant powers to the legislature, which was heavily influenced by sugar barons and other non-native figures.

Gives power to foreign businessmen

This invasive constitution also granted land-owning foreigners the right to vote and hold power, while imposing property ownership stipulations for political participation, effectively disenfranchising many Native Hawaiians.

Attempts to overthrow Kalakaua

A violent coup plotted by Robert Wilcox underscored efforts to overthrow King Kalakaua, indicative of the instability and threats the monarchy faced.

Kalakaua dies and Liliuokalani forced to become queen ...

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Threats to Hawaiian sovereignty

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The "Bayonet Constitution" was a set of laws imposed in Hawaii in 1887 that significantly reduced the power of the Hawaiian monarchy and favored foreign businessmen. It transferred authority from the monarchy to the legislature, which was influenced by non-native figures, and granted voting rights to land-owning foreigners while disenfranchising many Native Hawaiians. This constitution was forced upon King Kalakaua under threat of violence, marking a pivotal moment in Hawaiian history.
  • King Kalakaua, also known as David Kalakaua, was the last king of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, reigning from 1874 until his death in 1891. He was known for his convivial personality, love for music, and efforts to promote Hawaiian culture and education. Kalakaua's reign saw significant events such as the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875, which brought prosperity to Hawaiʻi, and his initiatives to modernize the kingdom through international travel and educational programs. Despite his efforts, his reign was marked by challenges, including political tensions and the erosion of the monarchy's power.
  • Robert Wilcox was a key figure in Hawaiian history who was involved in a violent coup against King Kalakaua. His actions underscored the threats and instability faced by the Hawaiian monarchy during that time. Wilcox's attempt to overthrow the king highlighted the political tensions and challenges that the Hawaiian monarchy was grappling with.
  • The "legislature connected to sugar barons" referred to a government body in Hawaii that had significant influence from wealthy individuals involved in the sugar industry. These sugar barons held power and sway over political decisions due to their economic interests and connections within the government. Their influence often led to policies and actions that favored their business interests, someti ...

Counterarguments

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