In this episode of American History Tellers, we explore the 1967 shooting of student Benno Ohnesorg by police officer Karl-Heinz Korras during a protest in West Berlin. The incident unfolded at a demonstration against the Shah of Iran, where Ohnesorg—attending his first protest as a soon-to-be father—was killed in an underground parking lot after fleeing aggressive police action.
The episode traces how this event catalyzed radical changes in West German protest movements, with some groups adopting more confrontational tactics against the government. It also examines Korras's controversial acquittal amid allegations of evidence tampering, and reveals a surprising twist: years later, Korras was exposed as an East German Stasi spy, adding new complexity to this pivotal moment in German history.
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On June 2, 1967, during a protest against the Shah of Iran at the German Opera House in West Berlin, student Benno Ohnesorg was fatally shot by police officer Karl-Heinz Korras. The incident occurred in an underground parking lot where protesters had fled to escape aggressive police actions. Ohnesorg's death, particularly poignant as he was attending his first protest and was a soon-to-be father, became a powerful symbol in the fight for democracy and human rights in Germany.
Korras faced charges of negligent homicide, claiming he fired a warning shot in self-defense that accidentally killed Ohnesorg. The trial ended in acquittal due to insufficient evidence, with key pieces of evidence, including the victim's skull fragment and Korras's uniform, having been lost or tampered with. The acquittal sparked widespread outrage and allegations of a state-sponsored cover-up.
The killing and subsequent acquittal led to a significant radicalization of West German youth movements. Previously peaceful protest groups turned to more confrontational tactics, with some embracing violence against the government. The "Second of June Movement," named after the date of Ohnesorg's death, emerged as an anarchist group seeking vengeance against what they viewed as an increasingly authoritarian government. The Red Army Faction (RAF) also gained prominence, adopting urban guerrilla warfare tactics including bombings and bank robberies.
Years later, a stunning revelation emerged: Korras was actually an undercover spy for the East German secret police (Stasi). This discovery led to speculation that the Stasi may have instructed Korras to heighten tensions in West Berlin during the protest. However, with Korras's death in 2014, his exact motives remain unknown. This revelation significantly altered the historical understanding of the incident, shifting the narrative from one of fascist sympathies to connections with communist East Germany.
1-Page Summary
The tragic death of student Benno Ohnesorg during a protest against the Shah of Iran in West Berlin had a profound impact on the political climate of Germany and became a symbol for the fight for democracy and human rights.
On the evening of June 2, 1967, a significant protest erupted against the leader of Iran, Mohammad Reza Shah, at the German Opera House in West Berlin. The protesters were vocal against the Shah's notorious human rights record as he attended a performance of Mozart's "The Magic Flute." As the Shah and his wife arrived at the opera house, the police tried to suppress the demonstration, using batons to push the crowd back.
Amidst the chaotic scene, a female student saw protesters scrambling into an underground parking lot to avoid the aggressive police actions. It was in this parking lot where a gunshot echoed and Benno Ohnesorg was fatally wounded. In chilling detail, witnesses saw him lying on the ground with a fatal head wound as a police officer stood over him, pistol still smoking.
The untimely ...
Killing of Benno Ohnesorg and Aftermath
Karl-Heinz Korras stood trial for the negligent homicide of Benno Onensorg, with the defense that he fired a warning shot fearing for his own life, but accidentally caused Onensorg's death.
The trial resulted in Korras's acquittal due to insufficient evidence. The prosecution encountered significant setbacks, such as the loss or tampering of critical evidence, including the piece of Benno Onensorg's skull with the gunshot wound, the pistol magazine, and even Korras's uniform.
Following the acquittal, public indign ...
Trial and Acquittal of Police Officer
In the aftermath of Benno Ohnesorg's death and the acquittal of his killer, West German youth movements and political activism underwent a significant transformation marked by a turn towards confrontation and militancy.
The killing of Benno Ohnesorg and the subsequent acquittal of his killer, Karl-Heinz Kurras, resulted in widespread disillusionment with the state apparatus and intensified the public's resolve to challenge authority. This led to an increase in support for protest groups that sought to address perceived injustices and systemic issues within the government. The SDS (Socialist German Students Union), for instance, became a rallying point for disillusioned individuals who were seeking to obtain justice in the wake of Ohnesorg's death.
Confronted with the stark outcome of the legal proceedings surrounding Ohnesorg's case, some earlier advocates of peaceful protest started to view violence as a legitimate means of opposing the state. Left-wing militant groups, notably the Red Army Faction (RAF), were catapulted into the public eye as they adopted urban guerrilla warfare tactics. They engaged in actions such as bombings and bank robberies, which marked a severe escalation in the radicalization of political protest within the country.
Named to commemorate the date of Benno Ohnesorg's death, the "Second of June Movement" was comprised of young anarchists who extended their mission beyond seeking justice for Ohnesorg. They aimed not just for retribution for his demise but also sought broader vengeance against what they viewed as an increasingly authoritarian government.
Impact on West German Protest Movements and Activism
A shocking revelation emerges as the true identity of Karl Heinz Korras, a retired policeman involved in a historic incident, is uncovered.
It has been discovered that Karl Heinz Korras, the policeman who killed Benno Onisork, was not merely enacting his duties but was in fact an undercover spy for the Stasi, the East German secret police. This revelation casts a new light on a case that has previously been understood through a very different lens.
There is speculation that Korras's true mission, directed by the Stasi, may have been to escalate tensions in West Berlin. It is believed that this directive could explain his decision to shoot Benno during the protests, effectively stirring conflict and chaos as per potential East German interests.
Although Korras's link to the Stasi has been established, the precise reasoning behind his decision to kill Benno remains shrouded in mystery. There is no concrete evidence to explain his actions, and with Korras's death in 20 ...
Revelation: Police Officer's True Identity as Communist Spy
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