Podcasts > American History Tellers > First Ladies | Eleanor Roosevelt | 3

First Ladies | Eleanor Roosevelt | 3

By Wondery

In this episode of American History Tellers, the summary explores Eleanor Roosevelt's early life—marked by trauma, loss, and adversity—and the pivotal role it played in shaping her resilience and commitment to service. The podcast delves into Eleanor's unconventional marriage to Franklin, detailing how their bond evolved as she supported his political ambitions while forging her own path in advocacy and activism.

As Franklin's political career progressed, the discussion shifts to Eleanor's rise as a public figure in her own right. Her dedication to causes like women's suffrage and labor rights intensified after discovering her husband's infidelity. When Franklin contracted polio, Eleanor compensated by working to conceal his condition while cultivating influence through her advocacy roles.

First Ladies | Eleanor Roosevelt | 3

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First Ladies | Eleanor Roosevelt | 3

1-Page Summary

Eleanor Roosevelt's Childhood and Family

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt endured a turbulent childhood marked by parental alcoholism, mental illness, and early loss. Born into wealth, her unhappy youth led to resilience as she gained confidence studying abroad in London and discovered fulfillment through community service work.

Eleanor and Franklin's Marriage

Despite initial family opposition, Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt married in 1905, merging two prominent Roosevelt branches. Their relationship evolved as Franklin pursued politics, with Eleanor supporting his career while balancing motherhood and community work.

Political Awakening in the 1920s

Learning of Franklin's affair sparked Eleanor's political awakening. She campaigned for suffrage, women's rights, and labor causes. Margo Sanger-Katz notes Eleanor's resonance with female voters during Franklin's 1920 Vice Presidential bid highlighted her vigorous public presence.

Franklin's Polio and Eleanor's Rise

In 1921, Franklin contracted polio, imperiling his ambitions. Determined to preserve his image, Eleanor worked with advisor Louis Howe to conceal Franklin's condition while she gained political confidence through public speaking and advocacy roles. Her influence grew as she championed causes and represented her husband.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore your own resilience by journaling about past challenges and how you overcame them, which can help you recognize personal growth and build self-confidence. Start by writing down difficult periods in your life, noting how you felt and what actions you took to navigate through those times. This exercise can provide insight into your coping mechanisms and may reveal strengths you didn't realize you had.
  • Develop your public speaking skills by starting a small discussion group on topics you're passionate about, like community service or political issues. Invite friends or community members to participate in regular meetings where everyone gets a chance to speak and share ideas. This practice can enhance your confidence in public speaking and may lead to greater involvement in causes you care about.
  • Cultivate a habit of continuous learning by taking online courses or attending local workshops on topics that interest you, such as women's rights, labor history, or political science. This self-directed education can empower you with knowledge and may inspire you to become more active in your community or advocate for causes that resonate with you.

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First Ladies | Eleanor Roosevelt | 3

Eleanor Roosevelt's early life and background

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt rose from a challenging childhood to become a leader in social reform and an influential figure in American history.

Eleanor Roosevelt was born into a wealthy New York family, but her childhood was deeply unhappy due to her parents' struggles with alcoholism and mental illness.

Born on October 11, 1884, into a prominent New York family, Eleanor Roosevelt's early life was marred by sorrow. Her mother, Anna Hall, was a distant figure who disparagingly referred to her serious and plain-looking daughter as "Granny." Eleanor's father, Elliott Roosevelt, succumbed to heavy drinking and depression, contributing to an unstable family life. When Eleanor was just seven, her parents separated, casting a shadow over her youth.

After losing both her parents at a young age, Eleanor went to live with her maternal grandmother and was later sent to a private girls' school in London, where she gained a sense of self-confidence.

Eleanor's mother passed away from diphtheria when she was eight years old, and tragedy struck again six months later when her brother Elliott died of scarlet fever. The following year, her father died after an attempted suicide. By the age of ten, Eleanor was an orphan and came under the care of her maternal grandmother, Mary Livingston Hall. At fifteen, Eleanor's life took a positive turn when she attended Allenswood Academy, a private girls' school near London, where she began to develop self-assurance and a sense of independence.

Despite her family's wealth and social status, Eleanor chose to devote her time to community service and volunteer work, inclu ...

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Eleanor Roosevelt's early life and background

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore your family history to understand the influences on your character by creating a simple family tree and noting any patterns or traits that may have shaped your personal development.
  • Understanding one's roots can provide insight into personal tendencies and resilience. For example, you might notice a history of entrepreneurship that inspires you to start a small business or a pattern of community service that motivates you to volunteer.
  • Build self-confidence through new experiences by signing up for a class or workshop outside of your comfort zone.
  • Engaging in unfamiliar activities can foster self-growth, similar to how attending a new school helped Eleanor Roosevelt gain confidence. You could try a public speaking workshop or a creative writing class to develop skills that also empower you to express yourself and potentially advocate for others.
  • Make a small but meaningfu ...

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First Ladies | Eleanor Roosevelt | 3

The start of Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt's relationship and marriage

Eleanor and Franklin Delano Roosevelt's romance began surreptitiously and blossomed despite the disapproval of Franklin's mother. Their deep affection and shared political life formed the foundation of one of the most well-known partnerships in American history.

Romance and Marriage Amidst Family Opposition

Eleanor met her fifth cousin once removed, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, on a train ride in the summer of 1902. A secret correspondence sparked their romance, with Franklin admiring Eleanor's intelligence and grit. He was captivated by her being the niece of his idol, Teddy Roosevelt. Franklin proposed to Eleanor on November 22, 1903, and despite initial resistance from his mother, Sarah Roosevelt, they proceeded with their relationship.

Eleanor and Franklin, both Roosevelts by birth, engaged in a brief courtship after their engagement. Sarah Roosevelt opposed the marriage, seeking to delay any announcement of their engagement, recommending that the couple act nonchalantly towards each other in public to avoid assumptions. Sarah insisted on postponing the announcement for at least a year, allowing Franklin to finish his schooling and for both young people to ensure they were ready for such a commitment.

Despite this opposition, Eleanor and Franklin were married on March 17, 1905, in New York City. The ceremony was a significant social event, with President Teddy Roosevelt walking Eleanor down the aisle and the union merging two branches of the prominent Roosevelt family.

The early years of Eleanor and Franklin’s marriage were complicated by the domineering presence of Sarah Roosevelt, who exerted significant control over their children and household. Nonetheless, the couple began to establish their family life, and Franklin eventually chose to pursue politics over law, with the support of Teddy Roosevelt.

Eleanor's Role in Franklin's Political Ascent

Eleanor was initially content with a degree of freedom as the governor's wife, but her role evolved as Frankli ...

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The start of Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt's relationship and marriage

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Eleanor and Franklin Delano Roosevelt were fifth cousins once removed, which means they shared a common ancestor who was five generations back in their family tree. This familial connection highlights a distant but traceable relationship between the two individuals. The concept of "removed" in cousin relationships indicates a difference in generations between the cousins. This distant familial tie was not uncommon among the social circles of the time.
  • Teddy Roosevelt was a significant figure in Eleanor and Franklin's relationship as he was Eleanor's uncle and Franklin's political idol. His support and presence at their wedding symbolized the merging of two branches of the prominent Roosevelt family. Teddy's influence on Franklin's political career and Eleanor's admiration for him played a role in shaping their personal and professional lives.
  • Sarah Roosevelt, Franklin's mother, exerted significant influence over the family, including controlling aspects of their household and children's lives. She opposed Franklin's marriage to Eleanor and sought to delay their engagement announcement, indicating her desire to maintain authority within the family. Sarah's presence was domineering, impacting the early years of Eleanor and Franklin's marriage and family life. Her control over the family dynamics was a significant factor that Eleanor and Franklin had to navigate in their relationship.
  • Eleanor Roosevelt's transition from being a governor's wife to the position of First Lady marked a shift in her public role and responsibilities. As First Lady, Eleanor had a national platform and influence, unlike her previous role which was more localized. This change allowed her to advocate for social issues and causes on a much larger scale. Her evolution into one ...

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First Ladies | Eleanor Roosevelt | 3

Eleanor's growing political influence and involvement in the 1920s

Eleanor Roosevelt’s discovery of her husband's affair with Lucy Mercer in the late 1910s sparked an evolution in her personal and public life, leading her to become more involved in social and political causes.

After the affair: Increased political engagement

After learning of Franklin Roosevelt's affair with Lucy Mercer, Eleanor Roosevelt immersed herself further into social activism and politics. Her work with the American Red Cross during World War I set a precedent for her ongoing commitment to social causes. She continued her efforts by visiting wounded veterans to provide comfort and support after the war.

Eleanor’s active role in the political scene included advocating for women's suffrage. She was elated when the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote, was passed in 1920. Beyond suffrage, Eleanor supported labor rights, notably helping to raise funds for the Women’s Trade Union League. She also volunteered her time with the League of Women Voters and took part in the International Congress of Working Women.

Campaign involvement and resonating with voters

Eleanor Roosevelt’s newfound confidence and political acumen became apparent during Franklin’s 1920 run for Vice President, where she proved to be not only a supportive spouse but a powerful campaign asset. Captivating female voters, Eleanor dedicated ...

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Eleanor's growing political influence and involvement in the 1920s

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Actionables

  • Channel personal challenges into advocacy by identifying a cause you're passionate about and educating yourself on it. When facing personal difficulties, research organizations or groups that align with your interests and values. For example, if you're passionate about environmental conservation, start by reading up on climate change, following leading activists on social media, and subscribing to newsletters from environmental nonprofits.
  • Enhance your community impact by volunteering with local organizations that support causes you care about. Look for opportunities in your area that match your interests, such as helping at a local food bank if you're concerned about hunger or participating in a community clean-up if you're interested in environmental issues. This hands-on approach allows you to see the direct effects of your involvement. ...

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First Ladies | Eleanor Roosevelt | 3

The impact of Franklin's polio diagnosis and Eleanor's new role

The diagnosis of Franklin Roosevelt's polio in 1921 catalyzed a significant transformation in both his political trajectory and Eleanor Roosevelt's role as a spouse and a public figure.

In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt was diagnosed with polio, a devastating blow that threatened to derail his political ambitions and leave him permanently disabled.

A rising New York politician, Franklin Roosevelt, faced a major setback when he was diagnosed with polio during a vacation at Campobello, which resulted in paralysis and doubts about the continuation of his political endeavors. Struck by this crippling disease, Franklin strove to recover, finding solace in the waters at Warm Springs, Georgia, where he felt an improvement in his condition and even purchased the resort for continued use.

Determined to help her husband recover and maintain his political career, Eleanor took on a more public role, working with Franklin's campaign manager, Louis Howe, to conceal the severity of Franklin's condition and keep him in the public eye.

Amid this personal and political crisis, Eleanor was propelled into the political arena by Louis Howe, Franklin's loyal advisor. He crafted a strategy to maintain Franklin’s political image, shifting his recovery away from public eyes at Hyde Park, and controlled the narrative distributed to the press—initially reporting a severe cold, subsequently upgraded to pneumonia. This approach prevented any photographs capturing Franklin on crutches and strategically arranged his absence from the public eye.

Eleanor's political involvement and confidence grew during this time, as she became a skilled public speaker and advocate, representing her husband while he recovered and laying the groundwork for her own future political influence.

During Franklin's quest for rehabilitation, Eleanor emerged as a political force, taking up the mantle of her husband's proxy and navigating th ...

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The impact of Franklin's polio diagnosis and Eleanor's new role

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore resilience by documenting your own challenges and recovery processes in a personal journal, drawing inspiration from historical figures who overcame adversity. By reflecting on your setbacks and the steps you took to overcome them, you'll not only build a personal narrative of resilience but also identify strategies that worked for you, which can be applied to future challenges.
  • Develop your public speaking skills by starting a small discussion group on topics you're passionate about, similar to how historical figures have used their voice for advocacy. This could be as simple as creating a book club, a debate group, or a community circle where you regularly meet and discuss issues important to you, thereby honing your ability to articulate ideas and influence others.
  • Engage in local community efforts by ...

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