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What is the function of the gene Apolipoprotein E (APOE)? How many APOE variants are there? The Apolipoprotein E gene influences inflammation in the brain following head trauma. The Apolipoprotein E gene has three variants: APOE 2, APOE 3, and APOE 4. A person’s variant of the gene can influence how they recover from a brain injury. Keep reading to learn about the function of Apolipoprotein E and how it relates to sports.
Why are Kenyans so good at distance running? Is Kenyan running dominance a matter of superior genetics? The statistics on Kenyan running dominance are impressive, and they certainly suggest a naturally superior running ability in Kenyan marathoners. However, Kenyans are not the only runners with body types ideally suited for distance running. According to David Epstein, the author of The Sports Gene, motivation—not just genetics—is a key component of Kenyan runners’ excellence. Here is what makes Kenyans exceptional in the sport.
Why are Jamaicans so good at sprinting? Is their sprinting ability a matter of training or genetics? Just as Kenya is known for producing talented distance runners, Jamaica is known for producing talented sprinters. Since Jamaicans have largely West African ancestry, a high ratio of fast-twitch muscle fibers may provide an initial advantage, but this doesn’t explain how Jamaica continues to produce so many elite sprinters. According to David Epstein, Jamaican culture can help explain why there are so many elite Jamaican runners. Here are three reasons why Jamaica produces a disproportionately large number of elite sprinters.
What is the difference between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers? Is it possible to change your ratio of fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscle fibers through training? Fast-twitch muscle fibers support explosive muscle activity (e.g., lifting heavy objects or sprinting short distances), while slow-twitch muscle fibers support activities requiring endurance (e.g., long-distance running). To some degree, we can train our fast-twitch muscles to have more endurance and our slow-twitch muscles to become stronger, but we cannot actually change the ratio of slow-twitch to fast-twitch fibers that we are born with. Here’s how fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers impact sports.
What is the SRY gene? What role does the SRY gene play in sports performance? According to David Epstein, the author of The Sports Gene, no single gene has as much of an impact on an athlete’s performance as the SRY gene found on the Y chromosome. The SRY gene also accounts for the predictable and significant differences in sports performance between men and women. Learn about the SRY gene’s function and its implications for atheltic ability.
What are the reasons for the gender performance gap in athletics? Can men and women compete equally in sports? According to David Epstein, the author of The Sports Gene, gender differences in sports are a decisive testament to the power of genes in determining athletic ability. Because athletic ability is at the mercy of genetics, Epstein argues, women are unlikely to surpass men in most sports. Here’s why men and women can’t compete in sports at the same level.
Is speed ability a matter of genetics or training? Which is more important when it comes to speed in sports? While it’s not a physical characteristic, speed is a necessary trait shared by athletes in many sports. Sports and science have yet to determine the exact recipe that makes an athlete fast. Here’s what research has to say on the matter.
What is the average vision of an MLB player? Is 20/20 vision a necessary prerequisite for a career in baseball? Testimony and measurements from optometrists and ophthalmologists reveals that professional baseball players have eyesight that far exceeds the average person’s. This makes sense, as keeping track of the ball is an integral part of the game. Keep reading to learn about elite baseball vision.
How can you find flow through movement? Why do yoga, martial arts, and dance tend to induce a flow state? Participating in any form of movement can assist you in finding flow as long as it’s in the context of a goal or social setting that offers structure and challenge. Activities such as yoga, martial arts, and dancing fall in this context and tend to be flow-inducing activities. Here’s how you can find flow with movement.
Are you trying to learn a new skill but having trouble with one aspect of it? How do you construct a productive drill? What challenges come with drill practice? Drill practice is when you isolate a single aspect of a skill and concentrate intensively on it. The purpose of drill practice is to maximize overall improvement and minimize overall effort. Done properly, drill practice will speed up the process of achieving the whole skill, not just one isolated aspect. Continue on to learn more about drill practice.