Plato’s Concept of Justice: Overview of The Republic, Books I-II

An ancient Greek philosopher holding the scales of justice illustrates Plato’s concept of justice

What does true justice look like? Is it possible for justice to be inherently good, rather than just a means to an end? In The Republic, Plato explores these questions through a series of dialogues. The ancient philosopher presents his idea of justice, challenging conventional wisdom and proposing a radical new way of looking at an age-old concept. Read more to understand Plato’s concept of justice as presented in The Republic.

4 Theories of Free Will Based on Science (+ Counterarguments)

A thinking young man with a thought bubble that says "Free Will?" inside of it illustrates theories of free will

Are your choices truly your own? Does science prove that free will is just an illusion? In his book Determined, Robert Sapolsky explores various theories of free will and presents compelling counterarguments. He addresses four scientific perspectives on free will, including compatibilism, chaoticism, emergent complexity, and quantum indeterminacy. Prepare to challenge your beliefs about decision-making and human behavior as we examine these thought-provoking theories.

Why Do People Join Social Movements? 3 Reasons They Appeal

a drawing of people standing in a circle holding hands illustrates the question "Why do people join social movements?"

Why do people join social movements? What drives individuals to become part of something bigger than themselves? In The True Believer, Eric Hoffer explores the psychology behind mass movements. He argues that these groups fulfill fundamental human needs for identity, community, and purpose. Keep reading to learn about three reasons people are drawn to mass movements.

Plato’s Ideal Society: An Overview of The Republic, Books II-IV

A painting of a beautiful ancient Greek city with a lake and mountains in the distance illustrates Plato’s ideal city

What does the ideal society look like? Has a philosopher from ancient Greece already designed one? In The Republic, Plato presents his vision of a perfect city-state. Through the character of Socrates, he outlines a society with a strict class system, communal living for some, and a “noble lie” to maintain order. Keep reading to explore the ins and outs of Plato’s ideal society.

What if There’s No Free Will? 3 Implications if It’s True

People walking in a bustling city scene illustrate life without free will

What would life be like there’s no free will? How would society function if we accepted that our actions are predetermined? In his book Determined, Robert Sapolsky explores the concept of life without free will and its implications for society. He argues that embracing determinism could lead to a fairer and kinder world, despite the challenges it presents to our traditional notions of praise, reward, blame, and personal responsibility. Read on to learn Sapolsky’s perspective on human behavior.

Plato’s Analogy of the Divided Line: Why Knowledge Is King

A diagram of Plato’s analogy of the divided line with Thought and Reality on opposing sides

What’s the nature of knowledge and reality? What makes some ideas more true or valuable than others? Plato’s analogy of the divided line explores these questions in his seminal work The Republic. This thought-provoking concept categorizes different levels of understanding, from illusions to ultimate truth. It offers insights into how we perceive the world and what constitutes genuine knowledge. Keep reading for an exploration of Plato’s philosophy, and discover how it still influences our thinking today.

Plato: Society Deteriorates in 4 Steps (The Republic)

A view from above of a city square in ancient Greece illustrates Plato's society model

How do societies evolve over time? What did ancient philosophers think about the progression of political systems? Plato’s vision of societal change is explored in his seminal work The Republic. The Greek thinker outlines a descent from an ideal city-state through four increasingly flawed forms of government. His theory offers insights into the nature of power, justice, and human behavior. Keep reading to understand Plato’s society model, and discover how his ideas still resonate in modern political discourse.

The Self in Western Thought: A Spiritual Neuroscientist Explains

the reflection of a young man in a mirror illustrates contemplation of the self in Western thought

Is there more to you than your thoughts and actions? What if the self you’ve always known isn’t as real as you think? In No Self, No Problem, Chris Niebauer challenges the understanding of the self in Western thought. He explores how our beliefs about identity, consciousness, and free will might be based on illusions. This book offers a fresh perspective on what it means to be human. Keep reading to discover why your sense of self might be more fluid than you ever imagined.

Anatta in Buddhism: The View of the Self in Eastern Thought

a man looking into a mirror with an undefined reflection illustrates the concept of anatta in Buddhism

Have you ever questioned the nature of your self? What if your sense of identity was just an illusion? In his book No Self, No Problem, Chris Niebauer explores Eastern perspectives on the self. He discusses concepts such as anatta in Buddhism, which challenges our Western notions of identity. Niebauer offers insights into how our understanding of self shapes our experiences. Get ready to challenge your assumptions and explore a different way of perceiving yourself.

The Self in Western and Eastern Thought (Chris Niebauer)

drawing of two heads—one with gears and one blending into the surroundings—illustrate the self in western and eastern thought

Is your sense of self real, or is it just an illusion? How does your cultural background shape your perception of who you are? In his book No Self, No Problem, Chris Niebauer explores the concept of the self in Western and Eastern thought. He compares the contrasting views of the self and their implications for our understanding of consciousness and identity. Keep reading to discover how different cultures approach the idea of self and what modern science has to say about it.